scholarly journals Two modes of dative and genitive case assignment: Evidence from two stages of Greek

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 987-1051
Author(s):  
Elena Anagnostopoulou ◽  
Christina Sevdali
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Case Assignment ◽  
Dependent Case ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Indirect Object ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Proposal A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Genitive Case

Abstract In this paper, we compare the properties of dative and genitive objects in Classical vs. Modern Greek. Based on the difference in behavior of dative/genitive objects of ditransitives and monadic transitives in the two periods of Greek which correlates with a range of systematic alternations in the case realization of Modern Greek IO arguments depending on the presence and category (DP vs. PP) of lower theme arguments, we argue that there are two distinct modes of dative and genitive objective case assignment: they are either prepositional or dependent (structural) cases, as also proposed by Baker and Vinokurova (2010), and Baker (2015) on the basis of cross-linguistic evidence. If we adopt this proposal a number of important implications follow both for the syntax of Modern Greek genitive indirect objects and for the understanding of the change from Classical to Standard Modern Greek which must be seen as a development from a grammatical system where dative and genitive were lexical/inherent/prepositional cases to a system where genitive is a dependent case assigned to DPs in the sense of Marantz (1991). Interestingly, the development from Classical Greek (CG) to Modern Greek (MG) affected the availability of dative/genitive-nominative alternations in passivization, in the opposite direction of what might be expected, i.e. such alternations were possible in CG and are no longer possible in MG. Our paper addresses this puzzle and argues that the availability of such alternations is not always a diagnostic tool for detecting whether an indirect object DP bears lexically specified or structural/dependent Case, contra standard practice in the literature.

From lexical to dependent

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-264
Author(s):  
Elena Anagnostopoulou ◽  
Christina Sevdali
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Case Assignment ◽  
Dependent Case ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Diachronic Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Do So

In this paper, we discuss the diachronic change in the internal structure of direct and indirect objects in Greek. We do so by comparing the properties of dative and genitive objects in Classical vs. (Standard and Northern) Modern Greek. We argue that there are two distinct modes of dative and genitive objective case assignment: they are either prepositional or dependent (structural) cases, as proposed by Baker & Vinokurova (2010), and Baker (2015). In other words, the change from Classical to Standard Modern Greek must be analyzed as a development from a grammatical system where dative and genitive were lexical/inherent cases, PPs, to a system where genitive is a DP that receives dependent case in the sense of Marantz (1991). By reviewing the diachronic paths of morphological dative, prepositions and prefixes, we propose that the morphological loss of dative from the history of Greek is only indirectly relevant to the diachrony of argumental datives, while change in the case-assigning properties of prepositions played a central role.

scholarly journals Training Needs Measure for Health Care of the LGBT+ Public

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Roger Dullius ◽  
Lara Barros Martins
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Lgbt People ◽  
Two Stages

Abstract Inadequate and ineffective care provided by health professionals to the LGBT+ public can cause countless damages to those who demand care. An alternative to improve the service provided is to promote training actions for professionals that should be initiated by the Training Needs Analysis (TNA). This study aimed at building and validating, theoretically and statistically, a TNA instrument for health professionals related to humanized care for LGBT+ individuals for the Brazilian context. The data collection was done in two stages, in person and virtually, and had 449 professionals who responded to the TNA instrument built. The data was analyzed by means of content analysis, exploratory factors and internal consistency. The scale presented a uni-factorial structure with evidence of validity and reliability, and can be used as a diagnostic tool to verify the gaps in the competence of health professionals in the care of LGBT+ people.

scholarly journals Qualidade de frutos de mangabeira de diferentes estágios de maturação tratados com CaCl2

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e21010313340
Author(s):  
Alexandre Passos Oliveira ◽  
Pryanka Thuyra Nascimento Fontes ◽  
Luiz Fernando Ganassali de Oliveira Junior
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa ◽  
Two Stages

Hancornia speciosa is a fruit tree, popularly known as mangabeiras. The mangaba, fruits of this tree, are quite appreciated for their organoleptic characteristics. Because it is a climacteric fruit, this fruit has very high perishability. The use of products that extend the useful life is necessary. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) has been shown to be an alternative in post-harvest because it promotes few changes in fruit quality and increases the storage period. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate quality attributes of mangaba fruits in two stages of maturation, 'Immature' and 'Mature', submitted to CaCl2 application, in four storage times (0, 2, 4 and 6 days) under ambient atmosphere. During the experiment, the loss of fresh weight, color, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids and SS/TA ratio were evaluated. It was verified that the 'mature' fruits showed a higher acidity and soluble solids content, even with the application of CaCl2, the difference that the loss with the application of CaCl2 was smaller. Unlike '‘Immature’ and ‘Immature’ fruits with CaCl2 in which these characteristics were acquired as the experiment was conducted, in addition to presenting lower values for weight loss, pH and color.

On-Line Fuzzy Logic Temperature Control of a Concentric-Tubes Heat Exchanger Facility

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Ruiz-Mercado ◽  
Arturo Pacheco-Vega ◽  
Kevin Peters
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Fuzzy Rule ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Single Input Single Output ◽  
Single Output ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Stages

We develop a fuzzy rule based controller to perform on-line temperature control of a concentric-tubes heat exchanger facility. The rules were derived from dynamical values of the mass flow rates and fluid temperatures in the heat exchanger. The controller was embedded in a closed-loop single-input single-output system to control the outlet temperature of the cold fluid. The controller was constructed in two stages, the difference between them being the amount of information provided to the controller. To validate the fuzzy controller two sets of tests were carried out for maintaining a constant value of the outlet temperature under different perturbations. Results from this analysis demonstrate that the fuzzy-based controller is able to achieve control of the system, and that the information about the system provided to it is important in terms of accuracy and efficiency.

The Structural Source of Split Ergativity and Ergative Case in Georgian

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léa Nash
Keyword(s):  
Direct Object ◽  
Transitive Verb ◽  
Dependent Case ◽  
Functional Head ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Split Ergativity

On the basis of the study of split ergativity in Georgian, this chapter defends a simple principle according to which the difference between a nominative and an ergative behaviour of the same language, and possibly across languages, consists in the capacity of the transitive subject to be theta-licensed, and by consequence case-licensed, in a position outside vP only in the nominative type. An outcome of this difference is that the transitive subject in ergative languages is licensed in vP, which is also the minimal domain containing the direct object. As both arguments of the transitive verb stay in vP, they are case-licensed by the same c-commanding functional head, according to the mechanism of Dependent Case (DC) assignment as originally proposed by Marantz (1991). The reason why one functional head marks two arguments in a language is due to the functional impoverishment between T and vP.

Investigation of the chemical ordering and thermal properties of the Rh–Ag–Au nanoalloys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huseyin Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Md Simulation ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Surface Melting ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chemical Ordering ◽  
Caloric Curve ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Gupta Potential

In this paper, the melting behaviors of Rh–Ag–Au nanoalloys are investigated with MD simulation. For Rh–Ag–Au nanoalloys, icosahedron structure was considered. The local optimizations of Rh–Ag–Au nanoalloys were carried out with the BH algorithm. The interatomic interactions were modeled with the Gupta potential. The local optimization results of Rh–Ag–Au nanoalloys show that Au and Ag atoms prefer to locate on the surface, and Rh atoms prefer to locate in the inner shells. The bond order parameter result is compatible with the excess energy analysis. It is noted that structures with more Ag–Au bonds are more energetically stable. Caloric curve, heat capacity, Lindemann index, and RMSD methods were used for estimating the melting temperatures of Rh–Ag–Au nanoalloys. According to the simulation results, melting temperatures depend on the composition. Also, it is discovered that nanoalloys are generally melting in two stages. Surface melting of the third shell is occupied by Ag and Au atoms, and then homogeneous melting of the inner shells is occupied by Rh atoms. It is found that the difference between surface melting temperatures and homogeneous melting temperatures in Ag-poor compositions is more significant than that of Ag-rich nanoalloys. In addition, the melting temperatures of the nanoalloys are found to be increased as the size of nanoalloys increases.

PSIs with Head-Like Properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-210
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alqassas
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Case Theory ◽  
Polarity Items ◽  
Dependent Case ◽  
Accusative Case ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Case Licensing ◽  
Polarity Sensitive ◽  
Genitive Case

This chapter discusses two main issues that arise from PSIs (polarity-sensitive items) with head-like properties. These PSIs seem to be outside the (immediate) domain of their licensor. The first issue is how these PSIs are licensed in syntax and how a unified analysis can handle their distribution. The author argues that these PSIs are adverbial phrases that do not project a clausal projection and that negation licenses these PSIs either in Spec-NegP or under c-command. This unified analysis does not appeal to the problematic head–complement relation as a putative licensing configuration. Another issue that arises from these NPIs (negative polarity items) with head-like properties is their ability to host clitics with accusative and genitive case marking. This issue raises interesting questions pertaining to case theory and dependent case licensing. The author argues that negation licenses the puzzling accusative case of the pronominal complement, a conclusion with far-reaching implications to dependent case licensing in natural language.

scholarly journals The Dreamer and Their Authenticity in the Zhuangzi

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Barbara Aniela Bonar
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Structural Process ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Psychoanalytic Perspective ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Stages

In this paper, I explain the problem of the dreamer in the Zhuangzi. I aim to show that no difference exists between dreaming states and waking states because we have a fluctual relationship with these two stages. In both, “we are dreaming.” Put another way, from a psychoanalytical point of view, one stage penetrates the other and vice versa. The difference between dreaming and non-dreaming disappears because dreaming is a structural process. Also, from a psychoanalytical perspective, all confirmations and negations about dreams and non-dreams leads to one point: the being, or rather the becoming, of the subject. How does this solve the problem of the True Person/True Human Being (zhenren真人)? Does such a person have dreams or not? Does the True Person sleep without dreams, as we find in the Zhuangzi? From a psychoanalytic perspective, this is not possible. To prove this, I will present few passages from the Zhuangzi and offer a psychoanalytic explanation of them based on Jacques Lacan’s theory of the fantasy and desire.

scholarly journals On Linguistic Evidence for Expressivism

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 155-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Soria Ruiz ◽  
Isidora Stojanovic
Keyword(s):  
Expressive Language ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThis paper argues that there is a class of terms, orusesof terms, that are best accounted for by an expressivist account. We put forward two sets of criteria to distinguish between expressive and factual (uses of) terms. The first set relies on the action-guiding nature of expressive language. The second set relies on the difference between one's evidence for making an expressive vs. factual statement. We then put those criteria to work to show, first, that the basic evaluative adjectives such as ‘good’ have expressive as well as factual uses and, second, that many adjectives whose primary meanings are factual, such as ‘powerful’, also have expressive uses.

scholarly journals Academic performance in mathematics and reading and self-reported mental health problems in children across Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Husky
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Measure ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Two Stages

Abstract Background The School Children Mental Health Europe was a EU funded project designed to set up a kit of instruments enabling cross EU comparisons. Methods A literature review allows to select the SDQ (Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire) to be administered to the parents and teachers after a validation process in each country and the Dominic Interactive (DI), a sort of video game designed to evaluate DSM more commune diagnoses on children 6 to 11 years old. Results Data were collected on 7682 children randomly selected in a two stages selection: schools by country and children within the schools for whom 1) either parent- or teacher SDQ were completed: Overall, 12.8 % of children have any probable disorder with significant inter-country differences, 8.4 % probable conduct disorder, and 2.0 % probable hyperactivity/inattention. Adjusting for socio-demographic variables and parental psychological distress, country of residence did not predict the odds of having any disorder. 2) Overall, 22.0% of children were identified per their own evaluation as having at least one mental disorder, ranging from 16.4% in the Netherlands to 27.9% in Bulgaria. The prevalence of internalizing disorders was 18.4% across countries and ranged from 11.8% in the Netherlands to 24.3% in Turkey. The prevalence of externalizing disorders was lower with an average of 7.8%, ranging from 3.5% in Turkey to 10.5% in Bulgaria. Combining samples across European countries, 1 in 5 children reported internalizing problems and 1 in 12 children externalizing problems. Conclusions This lecture aims to present and discuss child mental health measure instruments from different informants perspectives, comparisons across countries and the challenges for interpreting the difference.

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