Effects of Early Social Isolation on Locomotor Activity and Learning Ability in Adult WAG/Rij Rats

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Shishelova ◽  
V. V. Raevsky
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Learning Ability

Some Behavioral Differences in Mice Genetically Selected for High and Low Brain Weight

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Wimer ◽  
Lee Prater
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
High Selection

Learning ability, exploratory behavior, and emotionality were measured in mice genetically selected for high and low total brain weight. The high selection lines scored significantly higher than the low lines in locomotor activity in the open field and discrimination learning performance in a water maze, and these findings were supported by correlations between brain weight and behavioral scores within unselected control lines. There is some evidence that these behavioral differences are associated with general changes in brain size produced by genetic selection.

The Effect of Social Isolation on Locomotor Activity in the Houseflies (Musca Domestica)

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla McCarthy ◽  
Anders Kjærsgaard ◽  
Simon Bahrndorff ◽  
Toke Munk Schou ◽  
Tommaso Manenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Musca Domestica

scholarly journals NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF HYDROCOTYLE JAVANICA IN AMELIORATING NEUROBEHAVIORAL ALTERATION INDUCED BY MERCURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Pankaj Phukan ◽  
Sanjit Namasudra ◽  
Meenakshi Bawari ◽  
Mahuya Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Escape Latency ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Group I

Objective: This study aims to assess the effects of the aqueous extract of Hydrocotyle javanica (HJ) in ameliorating mercury-induced neurobehavioral toxicity.Methods: For the study, 36 adult male Swiss albino mice of 25–30 g in weight were taken. They were equally divided into six groups. Group I was treated with distilled water, Group II was treated with mercuric chloride (1.5 mg/kg), Group III was treated with HJ extract low dose (100 mg/kg), Group IV was treated with HJ extract high dose (200 mg/kg), Group V was treated with mercuric chloride plus HJ extract low dose, and Group VI was treated with mercuric chloride plus TB extract high dose. In all the groups, the doses were administered orally through oral gavage tube and the treatment lasted for 14 days. The behavioral effects evaluated were locomotor activity in the open field test, immobility in forced swimming test and anxiety in elevated plus maze test, spatial learning ability, and memory in the Morris water maze test.Results: The present study showed that mercury exposure significantly decreased the locomotor activity (p<0.001), number of annulus crossovers (p<0.001), number of open arm entries (p<0.01), time spent in open arms (p<0.001), and increased escape latency (p<0.01), path length (p<0.001), and immobility (p<0.001) in mice. The aqueous extract of HJ significantly alleviated the neurotoxic effects of mercury. The aqueous extract of HJ showed to increase the locomotor activity (p<0.01), number of annulus crossovers (p<0.001), number of open arm entries (p<0.05), and time spent in open arms (p<0.05), which was decreased in mercury-exposed mice. The HJ extract also showed to decrease the immobility (p<0.001), escape latency (p<0.05), and path length (p<0.001) in mercury-exposed mice.Conclusion: The result of the study shows that neurobehavioral changes induced by mercuric chloride were significantly reversed by the aqueous extract of HJ. Thus, base on the present study, it is concluded that HJ is effective in ameliorating the neurobehavioral deficits induced by mercury.

scholarly journals Voluntary locomotor activity mitigates oxidative damage associated with isolation stress in the prairie vole ( Microtus ochrogaster )

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 20150178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey L. Fletcher ◽  
Brittany N. Whitley ◽  
Lisa A. Treidel ◽  
David Thompson ◽  
Annie Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Prairie Vole ◽  
Microtus Ochrogaster ◽  
Isolation Stress ◽  
Oxidative Balance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Animals ◽  
Physiological Systems

Organismal performance directly depends on an individual's ability to cope with a wide array of physiological challenges. For social animals, social isolation is a stressor that has been shown to increase oxidative stress. Another physiological challenge, routine locomotor activity, has been found to decrease oxidative stress levels. Because we currently do not have a good understanding of how diverse physiological systems like stress and locomotion interact to affect oxidative balance, we studied this interaction in the prairie vole ( Microtus ochrogaster ). Voles were either pair housed or isolated and within the isolation group, voles either had access to a moving wheel or a stationary wheel. We found that chronic periodic isolation caused increased levels of oxidative stress. However, within the vole group that was able to run voluntarily, longer durations of locomotor activity were associated with less oxidative stress. Our work suggests that individuals who demonstrate increased locomotor activity may be better able to cope with the social stressor of isolation.

scholarly journals Fetal Bisphenol-A Induced Changes in Murine Behavior and Brain Gene Expression Persisted in Adult-aged Offspring

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Wang ◽  
Myles H Alderman ◽  
Cyrus Asgari ◽  
Hugh S Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
In Utero Exposure ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Brain Gene Expression

Abstract In utero Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure has been linked to many deficits during brain development, including sexual differentiation, behavior, and motor coordination. Yet, how BPA induces these disorders and whether its effects are long lasting are largely unknown. In this study, using a mouse model, we demonstrated that in utero exposure to an environmentally relevant dose of BPA induced locomotor deficits, anxiety-like behavior, and declarative memory impairments that persisted into old age (18 months). Compared to the control animals, the BPA-exposed mice had a significant decrease in locomotor activity, exploratory tendencies, and long-term memory, and an increase in anxiety. The global brain gene expression profile was altered permanently by BPA treatment and showed regional and sexual differences. The BPA-treated male mice had more changes in the hippocampus, while female mice experienced more changes in the cortex. Overall, we demonstrate that in utero exposure to BPA induces permanent changes in brain gene expression in a region-specific and sex-specific manner, including a significant decrease in locomotor activity, learning ability, long-term memory, and an increase in anxiety. Fetal/early life exposures permanently affect neurobehavioral functions that deteriorate with age; BPA exposure may compound the effects of aging.

scholarly journals NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF HYDROCOTYLE JAVANICA IN AMELIORATING NEUROBEHAVIORAL ALTERATION INDUCED BY MERCURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Pankaj Phukan ◽  
Sanjit Namasudra ◽  
Meenakshi Bawari ◽  
Mahuya Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Escape Latency ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Group I

Objective: This study aims to assess the effects of the aqueous extract of Hydrocotyle javanica (HJ) in ameliorating mercury-induced neurobehavioral toxicity.Methods: For the study, 36 adult male Swiss albino mice of 25–30 g in weight were taken. They were equally divided into six groups. Group I was treated with distilled water, Group II was treated with mercuric chloride (1.5 mg/kg), Group III was treated with HJ extract low dose (100 mg/kg), Group IV was treated with HJ extract high dose (200 mg/kg), Group V was treated with mercuric chloride plus HJ extract low dose, and Group VI was treated with mercuric chloride plus TB extract high dose. In all the groups, the doses were administered orally through oral gavage tube and the treatment lasted for 14 days. The behavioral effects evaluated were locomotor activity in the open field test, immobility in forced swimming test and anxiety in elevated plus maze test, spatial learning ability, and memory in the Morris water maze test.Results: The present study showed that mercury exposure significantly decreased the locomotor activity (p<0.001), number of annulus crossovers (p<0.001), number of open arm entries (p<0.01), time spent in open arms (p<0.001), and increased escape latency (p<0.01), path length (p<0.001), and immobility (p<0.001) in mice. The aqueous extract of HJ significantly alleviated the neurotoxic effects of mercury. The aqueous extract of HJ showed to increase the locomotor activity (p<0.01), number of annulus crossovers (p<0.001), number of open arm entries (p<0.05), and time spent in open arms (p<0.05), which was decreased in mercury-exposed mice. The HJ extract also showed to decrease the immobility (p<0.001), escape latency (p<0.05), and path length (p<0.001) in mercury-exposed mice.Conclusion: The result of the study shows that neurobehavioral changes induced by mercuric chloride were significantly reversed by the aqueous extract of HJ. Thus, base on the present study, it is concluded that HJ is effective in ameliorating the neurobehavioral deficits induced by mercury.

Effect of neuropeptide Y antagonist BMS193885 on overeating and emotional responses induced by social isolation in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-202
Author(s):  
Andrei A. Lebedev ◽  
Aleksandr R. Moskalev ◽  
Maksim E. Abrosimov ◽  
Eduard A. Vetlugin ◽  
Anna G. Pshenichnaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Intranasal Administration ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atypical Depression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Metabolic Imbalance

BACKGROUND: Chronic stress of social isolation is associated with an increased risk of mental illness, such as atypical depression, and is usually accompanied by hyperphagia and weight gain. We have previously shown that the NPY antagonist Y1R BMS193885 reduces the conditioned place preference of ethanol. The involvement of NPY receptors in non-chemical forms of addiction is assumed. AIM: Was to analyze the effects of NPY Y1R BMS193885 on emotional responses and elements of bindge eating in rats caused by rearing in social isolation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used the tests open field, elevated plus maze, Porsolts forced swimming test, resident intruder test and method of conditioned eating test in well-fed rats. RESULTS: The level of depression, negative emotionality and locomotor activity increased in rats reared in isolation. After intranasal administration of BMS193885 high locomotor activity was maintained, but investigating activity increased in isolated rats. Isolated animals showed an increase in body weight at the 6th week of life. By to the 9th week, the body weight of the isolated rats was significantly higher than in animals reared in the community (р 0.05). Intranasal administration of 20 g BMS193885 for 1 week caused a decrease in feed intake in both groups of animals (р 0.05). Isolated rats began to consume the same amount of food as animals reared in the community after administration of 0.9% NaCl solution. At the same time, elements of bindge eating were observed in the study of the conditioned food test in satiated isolated rats, which did not appear after 1 week of intranasal administration of 20 g of BMS193885. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained prove that rats reared in isolation can be considered as a potential model for binge eating, the basis for metabolic imbalance caused by individual housing in rodents. These considerations are of particular relevance when evaluating the effectiveness of drugs, diet, or other interventions for metabolic health and depressive disorders.

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