Effect of neuropeptide Y antagonist BMS193885 on overeating and emotional responses induced by social isolation in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-202
Author(s):  
Andrei A. Lebedev ◽  
Aleksandr R. Moskalev ◽  
Maksim E. Abrosimov ◽  
Eduard A. Vetlugin ◽  
Anna G. Pshenichnaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Intranasal Administration ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atypical Depression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Metabolic Imbalance

BACKGROUND: Chronic stress of social isolation is associated with an increased risk of mental illness, such as atypical depression, and is usually accompanied by hyperphagia and weight gain. We have previously shown that the NPY antagonist Y1R BMS193885 reduces the conditioned place preference of ethanol. The involvement of NPY receptors in non-chemical forms of addiction is assumed. AIM: Was to analyze the effects of NPY Y1R BMS193885 on emotional responses and elements of bindge eating in rats caused by rearing in social isolation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used the tests open field, elevated plus maze, Porsolts forced swimming test, resident intruder test and method of conditioned eating test in well-fed rats. RESULTS: The level of depression, negative emotionality and locomotor activity increased in rats reared in isolation. After intranasal administration of BMS193885 high locomotor activity was maintained, but investigating activity increased in isolated rats. Isolated animals showed an increase in body weight at the 6th week of life. By to the 9th week, the body weight of the isolated rats was significantly higher than in animals reared in the community (р 0.05). Intranasal administration of 20 g BMS193885 for 1 week caused a decrease in feed intake in both groups of animals (р 0.05). Isolated rats began to consume the same amount of food as animals reared in the community after administration of 0.9% NaCl solution. At the same time, elements of bindge eating were observed in the study of the conditioned food test in satiated isolated rats, which did not appear after 1 week of intranasal administration of 20 g of BMS193885. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained prove that rats reared in isolation can be considered as a potential model for binge eating, the basis for metabolic imbalance caused by individual housing in rodents. These considerations are of particular relevance when evaluating the effectiveness of drugs, diet, or other interventions for metabolic health and depressive disorders.

Abstract 1129: Obesity-related Elevations in Soluble P-selectin are Derived From Endothelium and Dependent on Expression of Leukocyte P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J Wickenheiser ◽  
Peter F Bodary ◽  
Kristina Bahrou ◽  
Daniel T Eitzman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Deficient Mice

Background : Obesity is associated with proinflammatory changes and an increased risk for vascular disease complications. The tissue source and mechanism by which soluble P-selectin (sPsel) is generated in obesity are unclear. Methods and Results : Soluble p-selectin (sPsel) levels were measured in the circulation from lean wild type and obese leptin receptor deficient mice (LepR−/−) at 4 and 10 weeks of age. In wild-type mice body weight increases from 13+/−2 to 20+/−3 grams over this time period while the body weight increases from 15+/−2 to 38+/−5 grams in LepR−/− mice. At 4 weeks of age sPsel levels were 103+/−8mg/mL in wild-type mice vs. 138+/−9 ng/mL in LepR−/− mice, p=0.048. By 10 wks of age sPsel increased to 112 +/− 2 in wild-type mice and 182 +/− 9 in LepR−/− mice, p=0.00005. In order to determine if the obesity-induced rise in sPsel is regulated by leukocyte Psgl-1, bone marrow transplantation was performed from Psgl+/+ or Psgl−/− donors into irradiated LepR−/−recipients. At 4 weeks post-transplant, sPsel levels were 166 +/−6 ng/mL in LepR−/− mice receiving Psgl+/+ marrow and 45 +/− 4 ng/mL in LepR−/− mice receiving Psgl−/− marrow, p=0.0000004. In order to determine if the sPsel in LepR−/− mice originated from the endothelium versus platelets, we transplanted Psel−/− bone marrow into irradiated LepR−/−mice. At 4 weeks post transplant, sPsel levels were 153 +/−3 ng/mL in LepR−/− mice receiving Psel−/− bone marrow and were not significantly different from LepR−/− mice receiving Psel+/+ bone marrow (166 +/−6 ng/mL, p=0.06). By 10 weeks post transplant, mice gained even more weight and levels were 377+/−51 ng/mL in LepR−/− mice receiving Psel+/+ bone marrow and 370+/−73 ng/mL in LepR−/− mice receiving Psel−/− bone marrow, p=0.87. Conclusions : These data suggest that the increase in sPsel observed in obesity is primarily derived from the endothelium and that this process is regulated by leukocyte Psgl-1.

scholarly journals Body weight homeostat that regulates fat mass independently of leptin in rats and mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Olov Jansson ◽  
Vilborg Palsdottir ◽  
Daniel A. Hägg ◽  
Erik Schéle ◽  
Suzanne L. Dickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bone Strain ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Feedback Systems ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Rats And Mice

Subjects spending much time sitting have increased risk of obesity but the mechanism for the antiobesity effect of standing is unknown. We hypothesized that there is a homeostatic regulation of body weight. We demonstrate that increased loading of rodents, achieved using capsules with different weights implanted in the abdomen or s.c. on the back, reversibly decreases the biological body weight via reduced food intake. Importantly, loading relieves diet-induced obesity and improves glucose tolerance. The identified homeostat for body weight regulates body fat mass independently of fat-derived leptin, revealing two independent negative feedback systems for fat mass regulation. It is known that osteocytes can sense changes in bone strain. In this study, the body weight-reducing effect of increased loading was lost in mice depleted of osteocytes. We propose that increased body weight activates a sensor dependent on osteocytes of the weight-bearing bones. This induces an afferent signal, which reduces body weight. These findings demonstrate a leptin-independent body weight homeostat (“gravitostat”) that regulates fat mass.

scholarly journals Evaluation of nutritional behaviour related to COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Funda Elmacıoğlu ◽  
Elif Emiroğlu ◽  
Mutlu Tuçe Ülker ◽  
Berkin Özyılmaz Kırcali ◽  
Sena Oruç
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cognitive Restriction ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

Abstract Objective: It is known that social isolation process has an impact on individuals’ eating behaviours. Continuing nutritional behaviour resulting from emotional eating, uncontrolled eating and cognitive restriction may turn into eating disorders in the future. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possible effects of Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and social isolation process on individuals’ nutritional behaviours and body weight changes. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Nutritional behaviours of the participants before the COVID-19 pandemic and in the social isolation process were evaluated with the Three Factor Nutrition Questionnaire. The changes in individuals’ body weight during this period were also evaluated. Participants: A total of 1036 volunteer individuals (827 women, 209 men) aged 18 years and over participated in the study. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic and social isolation process, there was an increase in emotional eating and uncontrolled eating behaviours of individuals, but no significant change in cognitive restriction behaviour occurred (P = <0·00; P = <0·00 and P = 0·53, respectively). It was reported that the body weight of 35 % of the individuals who participated in the study increased during this period. Conclusion: Social isolation process practiced as a result of COVID-19 pandemic may lead to changes in some nutritional behaviours. Some precautions should be taken to prevent this situation that occurs in nutritional behaviours from causing negative health problems in the future.

scholarly journals Influence of mass and distribution of adipose tissue on the content of leptin in pregnant women at different periods gestations

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Natalya B. Chabanova ◽  
Tatiana N. Vasilkova ◽  
Valentina A. Polyakova ◽  
Sergey I. Mataev
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Increased Risk

BACKGROUND: Currently, obesity is one of the most global problem in the world. Redundant accumulation of adipose tissue accompanied by metabolic disorders including high secretion of leptin may lead to an increased risk of gestational complications. AIMS: To assess the level of leptin in pregnant womens blood serum depending on their body weight and the character of content of adipose tissue in different terms of gestation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated 211 women with single pregnancies, which came in natural cycles and finished with urgent parturitions. All of them got anthropometric study, assessment of adipose tissues weight by bioimpedanceometry, character of fat deposition by ultrasound investigation of adipose tissue, determination of the level of whey leptin at 1014, 2428, 3638 weeks of pregnancy. RESULTS: Established, that the level of leptin increases in proportion to pregestational body mass index from the first trimester. Women with excess body mass and with obesity had higher concentrations of leptin all over gestation, than women with normal body mass (р0.001). The higher term of pregnancy was, the higher the level of whey leptin was in all groups, independently of character of fat deposition. In the end of third trimester, women with normal body mass had the largest value of absolute and relative increase of body mass and fatty mass, what accompanied by enlargement of the concentration of leptin more than in 3 times for the pregestational level. CONCLUSIONS: In this way, high content of leptin in pregnant womens (with excess body mass and obesity) blood serum in the first trimester is explained by redundant accumulation of the adipose tissue. The largest value of gestational increase of body mass and fat mass in group where women had normal initial weight is accompanied by the great increase of the level of leptin on the body weight unit and fat mass. These data indicate, that control and limitation of excessive weight gain while pregnancy can be a measure of prevention of the redundant leptins secretion and different gestational complications related with it.

scholarly journals Profile Of Oxidative Stress Genes In Response To Obesity Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Ahmed ◽  
Huda Farah ◽  
Omnia Ahmed ◽  
Dina Elsayegh ◽  
Abdelrahman Elgamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Background: Oxidative stress (OS) is an imbalance between free radical production and the antioxidants defense in the body. Previous studies demonstrated the correlation of OS to the increased risk of developing metabolic disorders such as obesity. Sulforaphane (SFN), a bioactive compound, can protect against inflammation and OS, thus an effective anti-obesity supplement. Aim: This study explores the impact of SNF on OS in diet induced obese (DIO) mice via profiling of OS genes and pathways in skeletal muscles related to the anti-obesity effect. Methods: Wild-type CD1 male mice and the knockout of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) like 2 (NrF2) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks; to induce obesity. Subsequently, each group was subdivided into two subgroups and received either Vehicle (25μl) or SFN (5 mg/kg BW) for four weeks. Body weight was measured daily, and a glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed after 21 days of treatment. Afterward, mice were decapitated, blood and tissue samples were collected and snap-frozen immediately. Total RNA was extracted from Skeletal muscle and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), leptin expression was measured in (eWAT), and 84 OS genes in skeletal muscle were examined using RT-PCR. Results: Significant reduction in body weight in SFN treated WT mice, while no change in KO mice. Plasma glucose, leptin, and leptin gene expression (eWAT) were significantly reduced in the WT-DIO SFN treated group, while no changes were detected in KO mice. SFN decreases OS damage in skeletal muscles, such as lipid peroxidation and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that SFN had lowered body weight in WT-DIO mice by decreasing OS damage in skeletal muscles through the NrF2 pathway and can be a potential anti-obesity drug.

Pharmacological actions of the peptide hormone amylin in the long-term regulation of food intake, food preference, and body weight

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (5) ◽  
pp. R1855-R1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Mack ◽  
Julie Wilson ◽  
Jennifer Athanacio ◽  
James Reynolds ◽  
Kevin Laugero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Fat

The ability of amylin to reduce acute food intake in rodents is well established. Longer-term administration in rats (up to 24 days) shows a concomitant reduction in body weight, suggesting energy intake plays a significant role in mediating amylin-induced weight loss. The current set of experiments further explores the long-term effects of amylin (4–11 wk) on food preference, energy expenditure, and body weight and composition. Furthermore, we describe the acute effect of amylin on locomotor activity and kaolin consumption to test for possible nonhomeostatic mechanisms that could affect food intake. Four-week subcutaneous amylin infusion of high-fat fed rats (3–300 μg·kg−1·day−1) dose dependently reduced food intake and body weight gain (ED50for body weight gain = 16.5 μg·kg−1·day−1). The effect of amylin on body weight gain was durable for up to 11 wks and was associated with a specific loss of fat mass and increased metabolic rate. The body weight of rats withdrawn from amylin (100 μg·kg−1·day−1) after 4 wks of infusion returned to control levels 2 wks after treatment cessation, but did not rebound above control levels. When self-selecting calories from a low- or high-fat diet during 11 wks of infusion, amylin-treated rats (300 μg·kg−1·day−1) consistently chose a larger percentage of calories from the low-fat diet vs. controls. Amylin acutely had no effect on locomotor activity or kaolin consumption at doses that decreased food intake. These results demonstrate pharmacological actions of amylin in long-term body weight regulation in part through appetitive-related mechanisms and possibly via changes in food preference and energy expenditure.

scholarly journals Perception of Weight changes among People with Depression SymptoCities in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enung Nurchotimah ◽  
Rofingatul Mubasyiroh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
History Of

Background: Obesity is a growing problem so obesity is a threat to health, especially in a developing country like Indonesia. Obesity is a caused for death and burden of disease-causingvariousdiseases.Thisstudylookedatthecorrelationbetweenmental disorders associated with eating disorders or perceptions of changes in respondents’ weight toward depressive disorders. The perception to the body weight is one of the factors that are often found in symptoms of mental disorders. Objectives: This research aim to understand the individuals’ obesity condition picture of patients based on their characteristics. Methods: In this study individuals with depressive symptoms were established using MINI instruments through interviews using the ICD-10 Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Version mental health instrument conducted in October–November 2017 by nursing diploma enumerators who were trained by psychiatrists. The perception of the state of body weight obtained from sampling was carried out by stratified random sampling. This study is a further analysis of data on mentalhealthresearchconductedin3districts/citiesinIndonesia,namelyinthecityof Bogor,JombangandTojouna-Unadistrictsusingcrosssectionalmethod.Theresearch samplesanalyzedwereindividualswhoexperiencedsymptomsofdepression Results: From the 262 respondents who experienced a history of symptoms of depressive disorders, appetite disorders/changes in body weight experienced by majority of the respondents,amountingto66.0%.Asignificantrelationbetweengenderandownership economy level with the appetite disorder/body weight changes. Where women on lower economy level suffered from depression were highly probable risking appetite disorder/body weight changes experience. Conclusion: A majority of people with the depression symptoms history has the symptom of lack of appetite or the feel of the weight change. The symptom of lack of appetite/weight change happened to woman with depression and low income respondents.

Effects of single intranasal administration of obestatin fragments on the body weight and feeding and drinking behaviors

2013 ◽  
Vol 453 (1) ◽  
pp. 336-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Khirazova ◽  
M. V. Maslova ◽  
E. S. Motorykina ◽  
D. A. Frid ◽  
A. V. Graf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Intranasal Administration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drinking Behaviors

scholarly journals Escalating BMI Associated With the Complex Pharmacology of Propranolol: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Deena M. S. Barrouq ◽  
Tareq Irshaidat
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
The Body ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Complications

Background: Improving the awareness of the public about the body weight and the body mass index (BMI) criteria is very important as increased body weight may be associated with an increased risk for many dangerous diseases and health complications. Propranolol is generally prescribed for tachycardia while its most common side effects are bradycardia and masking hypoglycemia. Case Presentation: A tachycardia was diagnosed in a young overweight woman and treated successfully with propranolol but this treatment, unpredictably, was associated with a rapid increase in the weight that classified her as obese. Discussion: The physical (body weight and heart rate) and the biochemical (blood glucose level) monitoring and analysis including the lifestyle provided a deeper insight into the principal details and helped to design a personalized treatment protocol.   Conclusion: A therapeutic dose of propranolol could be linked to uncommon mounting weight change which was associated with a decrease in the blood glucose level and an appetite enhancement.

Maternal methionine supplementation in mice affects long-term body weight and locomotor activity of adult female offspring

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Vanessa Cavalcante-Silva ◽  
Julia Ribeiro da Silva Vallim ◽  
Leandro Fernandes ◽  
Allan Chiaratti de Oliveira ◽  
Vânia D’Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Methyl Radicals ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Methionine Supplementation

Abstract Methionine is a precursor of s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the main donor of methyl radicals for methylation of DNA and other compounds. Previous studies have shown that reduced availability of methyl radicals during pregnancy/lactation decreased offspring perigonadal white adipose tissue (PWAT) and body weight. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of methionine supplementation during early development, a time of great ontogenic plasticity, by assessing the biometric, biochemical, and behavioral parameters of the offspring of adult Swiss female mice supplemented with 1% methionine in water one month before pregnancy, and during pregnancy or pregnancy/lactation. After birth, the offspring were distributed into three groups: control (CT), methionine supplementation during pregnancy (SP) and methionine supplementation during pregnancy and lactation (SPL), and were followed until postnatal day (PND) 300. No changes were observed in offspring birth weight in both sexes. At PND 5, 28, 90 no differences in body weight were found in females, however, at PND 300 SP and SPL females showed an increase in body weight when compared to the control group. This increase in body weight was accompanied by a total and relative increase in PWAT, and a decrease in locomotor activity in these groups. No differences in the body and organ weights were found in male offspring. In conclusion, the increased availability of methyl radicals during pregnancy and lactation impacted long-term body composition and locomotor activity in female offspring.

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