scholarly journals A universal severity classification for natural disasters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jithamala Caldera ◽  
S. C. Wirasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Universal System ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Severity Classification ◽  
Severity Levels

AbstractThe magnitude of a disaster’s severity cannot be easily assessed because there is no global method that provides real magnitudes of natural disaster severity levels. Therefore, a new universal severity classification scheme for natural disasters is developed and is supported by data. This universal system looks at the severity of disasters based on the most influential impact factor and gives a rating from zero to ten: Zero indicates no impact and ten is a worldwide devastation. This universal system is for all types of natural disasters, from lightning strikes to super-volcanic eruptions and everything in between, that occur anywhere in the world at any time. This novel universal severity classification system measures, describes, compares, rates, ranks, and categorizes impacts of disasters quantitatively and qualitatively. The severity index is useful to diverse stakeholder groups, including policy makers, governments, responders, and civilians, by providing clear definitions that help convey the severity levels or severity potential of a disaster. Therefore, this universal system is expected to avoid inconsistencies and to connect severity metrics to generate a clear perception of the degree of an emergency; the system is also expected to improve mutual communication among stakeholder groups. Consequently, the proposed universal system will generate a common communication platform and improve understanding of disaster risk, which aligns with the priority of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. This research was completed prior to COVID-19, but the pandemic is briefly addressed in the discussion section.

scholarly journals A Universal Severity Classification for Natural Disasters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jithamala Caldera ◽  
S. C. Wirasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Universal System ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Severity Classification ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The magnitude of a disaster’s impact cannot be easily assessed because there is no global method that provides real magnitudes of natural disaster severity levels. Therefore, a new universal severity classification scheme for natural disasters is developed and is supported by data. This universal system looks at the severity of disasters based on the most influential impact factor and gives a rating from zero to ten; zero indicates no impact and ten is a world-wide devastation. This universal system is for all types of natural disasters, from lightning strikes to super volcanic eruptions and everything in between, that occur anywhere in the world at any time. This novel universal classification system measures, describes, compares, rates, ranks, and categorizes impacts of disasters quantitatively and qualitatively, thereby making the severity index applicable to diverse stakeholder groups, including policy makers, governments, responders, and civilians, by providing clear definitions that help convey the impact levels or severity potential of a disaster. Therefore, this universal system avoids inconsistencies and, primarily, connects severity metrics to generate a clear understanding of the degree of an emergency and improves mutual understanding among stakeholder groups. Consequently, the proposed universal system generates a common communication platform and improves understanding of disaster risk, which aligns with the priority of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. This research was completed prior to Covid-19, but the pandemic is briefly addressed in the discussion section.

scholarly journals Disaster Risk Reduction (Mitigation) Eruption of Kelud Mountain by the Society In The Area Of Disaster-Prone Areas (KRB) III Blitar Regency

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-277
Author(s):  
Sri Winarni ◽  
Agus Khoirul Anam ◽  
Rizal An Akhiruna
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Time Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Descriptive Research

Indonesia is a country that has great case of natural disasters. One of disasters that recentlyoccurred are the volcanic eruptions. Based on the interview with volunteer of kelud anchor in December2015, there were communities that were less understand about disaster risk reduction efforts of thevolcano. The purpose of the research was the efforts of disaster risk reduction (Mitigation) eruption ofKelud Mountain by the society in the area of Disaster-prone Areas (KRB) III Blitar Regency. Thisresearch used descriptive research design. The population of the research was all members of thecommunity who live in area III KRB Kelud in Modangan. The sample was 60 people taken by quotasampling. The data collection was done by providing a closed-ended questionnaire multiple choicequestions. Time data retrieval performed on 15-20 March 2016. The results showed that the public hadthe ability to either IE of 50% (30 people), enogh ability as 15% (10 people) and had less abilities i.e.as 35% (20 people). It was affected by the dissemination of prevention and disaster risk reduction.Recomendation for stakeholder of Modangan and Karangrejo village was to do socialitation in everyor when there was sign of Kelud mountain activity.

scholarly journals Special Issue on NIED Frontier Research on Science and Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1139-1139
Author(s):  
Haruo Hayashi ◽  
Eiichi Fukuyama
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Special Issue

The National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) is working on three tasks: predicting disasters, preventing damage, and realizing speedy reconstruction and recovery efforts in the event of natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, torrential rains, blizzards, and ice storms. In the last three years of the NIED’s fourth mid/long term plan period, which began in 2016, natural disasters have occurred every year, including earthquake disasters such as the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (M7.3) and the 2018 Iburi, Hokkaido, earthquake (M7.1). Disasters of the rainfall include the heavy rainfall in the northern Kyushu (Fukuoka and Oita) in July 2017, the heavy rain event in southwestern Japan in July 2018, the rainfall in northern Kyushu (Saga) in August 2019, and the heavy rainfall in Kanto and Tohoku in October 2019. There were also other disasters: an avalanche accident on Nasudake in 2017 and a phreatic eruption of Kusatsu-Shiranesan in 2018. Due to the above-mentioned very frequent occurrence of such natural disasters on the Japanese islands, our institute has conducted several research projects to mitigate the damage from such disasters and to accelerate the recovery from them. As the third NIED special issue in the Journal of Disaster Research, several related research results were presented such as those on seismic disasters (Wakai et al., Nakazawa et al., and Ohsumi et al.), those on climatic disasters (Nakamura, and Ishizawa and Danjo), and those of their integrated researches for disaster risk reduction (Cui et al. and Nakajima et al.). Although the achievements detailed in these papers are the results of individual research, the NIED hopes that these results as a whole will be fully utilized to promote science and technology for disaster risk reduction and resilience. The NIED hopes that this special issue awakens the readers’ interest in new research and, of course, creates an opportunity for further collaborative works with us.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Keselamatan Berbasis Smartphone dengan Integrasi Sinyal Sos Sebagai Solusi Pembentukan Masyarakat Tanggap Bencana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Naviatul Ilma Ilma ◽  
Agung Dewa Cendana Feoh ◽  
Wahyu Ahmat Saifudin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Community Preparedness ◽  
Safety Application ◽  
The Government ◽  
Central Statistics ◽  
Application Design

Natural disasters are disasters caused by an event or a series of events caused by nature, it’s as varied as the form of earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, droughts, hurricanes, and landslides (Law number 4 of 2007). Based on data cited from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2018 the number of people who died due to natural disasters was 6,053 people. This data shows that community preparedness to face the threat of disaster optimally is needed. The idea of creating a smartphone-based safety application design equipped with SOS signal sending capabilities is planned to create a disaster response community and rescue response by related parties to reduce disaster risk with the use of the structured application. The synergy between various parties such as the community and also the government in the smooth running of information as quickly as possible will be the key to the effectiveness of this application. People in situations facing natural disasters can reach safe places with the help of an application that has been embedded in the feature to find out safe places for self-evacuation. If there is an emergency the user can also send an SOS signal to the server which will be picked up immediately by the patrol on duty.

Natural Hazards Governance in the Philippines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Iuchi ◽  
Yasuhito Jibiki ◽  
Renato Solidum ◽  
Ramon Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
The Philippines

Located in the Pacific Ring of Fire and the typhoon belt, the Philippines is one of the most hazard prone countries in the world. The country faces different types of natural hazards including geophysical disturbances such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, meteorological and hydrological events such as typhoons and floods, and slow-onset disasters such as droughts. Together with rapidly increasing population growth and urbanization, large-scale natural phenomena have resulted in unprecedented scales of devastation. In the early 21st century alone, the country experienced some of the most destructive and costliest disasters in its history including Typhoon Yolanda (2013), Typhoon Pablo (2012), and the Bohol Earthquake (2013). Recurrent natural disasters have prompted the Philippine government to develop disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) strategies to better prepare, respond, and recover, as well as to be more resilient in the face of natural disasters. Since the early 1940s, the governing structure has undergone several revisions through legal and institutional arrangements. Historical natural disasters and seismic risks have affected and continue to threaten the National Capital Region (NCR) and the surrounding administrative areas; these were key factors in advancing DRRM laws and regulations, as well as in restructuring its governing bodies. The current DRRM structure was instituted under Republic Act no. 10121 (RA10121) in 2010 and was implemented to shift from responsive to proactive governance by better engaging local governments (LGUs), communities, and the private sector to reduce long-term disaster risk. This Republic Act established a national disaster risk reduction and management council (NDRRMC) to develop strategies that manage and reduce risk. Typhoon Yolanda in 2013 was the most significant test of this revised governance structure and related strategies. The typhoon revealed drawbacks of the current council-led governing structure to advancing resilience. Salient topics include how to respond better to disaster realities, how to efficiently coordinate among relevant agencies, and how to be more inclusive of relevant actors. Together with other issues, such as the way to co-exist with climate change efforts, a thorough examination of RA 10121 by the national government and advocates for DRRM is underway. Some of the most important discourse to date focuses on ways to institute a powerful governing body that enables more efficient DRRM with administrative and financial power. The hope is that by instituting a governing system that can thoroughly lead all phases of preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery, the country can withstand future—and likely more frequent—mega-disasters.

scholarly journals Penerapan materi ilmu pengetahuan alam pada serious game sosialisasi mitigasi bencana berbasis model teori aktivitas dan taksonomi bloom

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Fresy Nugroho ◽  
Eko Mulyanto Yuniarno ◽  
Mochamad Hariadi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Activity Theory ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Education Material

Penelitian ini merupakan kombinasi antara materi hiburan dan pendidikan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang bencana alam, terutama bencana vulkanik. Desain yang diusulkan menggabungkan model Teori Aktivitas dan Taksonomi Bloom. Metode ini dapat menghemat biaya dan waktu. Titik fokus dari penelitian ini adalah materi Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam berdasarkan kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini adalah langkah pertama untuk mengintegrasikan unsur-unsur pendidikan, hiburan, dan teknologi sebagai media pembelajaran untuk pengurangan risiko bencana. Kemampuan siswa dieksplorasi dengan menerapkan tiga aspek pembelajaran. Hasil tes menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan siswa meningkat 14,2% setelah bermain sepuluh kali dan meningkat menjadi 29,48% setelah siswa bermain 25 kali, dibandingkan dengan skor pretest.  This research is a combination of entertainment and education material to improve an understanding of natural disasters, especially volcanic eruptions. The proposed design combines Bloom's Taxonomy and Activity Theory models. The method reduces cost and time. The focal point of the research is the natural sciences material based on the 2013 curriculum. This research is the first step to integrate the elements of education, entertainment, and technology as a learning media for disaster risk reduction — students' abilities explored by applying three aspects of learning. The test results show that students' abilities are increased by 14.2% after play for ten times and increased to 29.48% after playing for 25 times, compared to the pretest scores.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Kebijakan Penanggulangan Bencana (Studi Pada BPBD Kabupaten Kediri)

2020 ◽  
Vol 006 (02) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Mochamad Rizki Fitrianto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Organization And Administration ◽  
Management Agency ◽  
Disaster Policy ◽  
The Face

Kediri Regency is one of the regions in the province of East Java with various potential natural disasters except tsunami. Some potential natural disasters in Kediri Regency are volcanic eruptions, floods, landslides, nipples, earthquakes. Referring to the IRB (Disaster Risk Index) released by BNPB in 2013, shows that Kediri regency is included in one of the administrative areas in East Java that has a high disaster index. The policy on disaster relief in Kediri Regency has been arranged in regional regulation No. 2 year 2015 which governs the Organization and administration of BPBD (Regional disaster management Agency). The policy has been running for almost 5 years, therefore seeing the various potential disasters owned by Kediri district, researchers want to examine the extent to which the policy has been implemented and observe about readiness in the face of various potential future threats in the future. The findings in the field indicate that in implementing a disaster policy there are currently some indicators in the evaluation (Dunn, 1999) that has not been achieved optimally.

scholarly journals Penanggulangan Kesehatan Dalam Kondisi Pasca Bencana Dusun Ujung Indah, Desa Cilellang, Kecamatan Mallusettasi, Kabupaten Barru

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Amran Nur ◽  
Veronica Margareth Dampung
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
International Strategy ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Disaster Reduction ◽  
Catastrophic Event

Abstract: Indonesia has been declared as one of the most disaster-prone countries according to the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. Indonesia ranks 6th among countries prone to disasters. Indonesia is prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and others as well as non-natural disasters such as floods, infectious diseases, forest fires, and others, as well as social disasters in the form of social conflicts in various regions. One of the concepts of disaster management is disaster risk management, At this stage, efforts should be made if a catastrophic event occurs, damage and losses with a large enough scale of impact can be avoided and minimized by mitigating education to the community. Because the location of this village is on the seashore and has a watershed that could threaten the safety of the population, therefore a health prevention socialization will be carried out if at any time an unwanted natural disaster occurs. Keywords: natural disasters, Barru Districts, disaster risk, countermeasures.

scholarly journals The Point Bonitation Method and Its Adaptation in Risk Studies: A Case Study in Sri Lanka’s Cities in the Coastal Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2060
Author(s):  
Dorota Rucińska ◽  
Martyna Zagrzejewska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Specific Result ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Tsunami Risk

Article proposes using weighting method named the Point Bonitation Method, a popular interdisciplinary method, especially in the tourism and socio-economic geography, for giving optional direction to further researching tsunami risk. This method qualifies and quantifies those factors that lead to natural disasters so that it is possible to make comparisons with their roles in disaster areas. This case study in Sri Lanka shows a specific result that is quantification of vulnerability by regions and can be used and developed locally for disaster risk management and reduction. This paper presents discussion about other possible reasons of high risk in regions.

scholarly journals Social Work and Community Based Disaster Risk Management in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Sajjad Hussain ◽  
Saira Miraj ◽  
Rani Saddique
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Civil Unrest ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts

Pakistan is exposed to various natural calamities due to its geophysical condition and climatic changes. In addition, man-made disasters also pose a threat to human lives and properties which includes industrial and transport disasters including oil spills, civil unrest, wars and conflicts. Although it is not possible to stop or prevent natural disasters, but the negative impacts of natural disasters can be minimized through human efforts. The government of Pakistan has adopted participatory approach as part of its policy for disaster management. This research paper is based on the analysis of secondary data for reviewing the existing policies with emphasis on disaster risk reduction in pre and post disaster period. The paper concludes that participation of target community is indispensable for disaster risk reduction on sustainable basis. The article suggests that community should be meaningfully involved in disaster risk reduction efforts at the local level. In this connection the role of social workers is indispensable for disaster risk reduction on sustainable basis.

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