Effects of drip irrigation on deep root distribution, rooting depth, and soil water profile of jujube in a semiarid region

2013 ◽  
Vol 373 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 995-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-hui Ma ◽  
Xiao-li Liu ◽  
You-ke Wang ◽  
Pu-te Wu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Deep Root ◽  
Water Profile

scholarly journals How to put plant root uptake into a soil water flow model

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Xuejun Dong
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Root Uptake ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Plant Root Uptake

The need for improved crop water use efficiency calls for flexible modeling platforms to implement new ideas in plant root uptake and its regulation mechanisms. This paper documents the details of modifying a soil infiltration and redistribution model to include (a) dynamic root growth, (b) non-uniform root distribution and water uptake, (c) the effect of water stress on plant water uptake, and (d) soil evaporation. The paper also demonstrates strategies of using the modified model to simulate soil water dynamics and plant transpiration considering different sensitivity of plants to soil dryness and different mechanisms of root water uptake. In particular, the flexibility of simulating various degrees of compensated uptake (whereby plants tend to maintain potential transpiration under mild water stress) is emphasized. The paper also describes how to estimate unknown root distribution and rooting depth parameters by the use of a simulation-based searching method. The full documentation of the computer code will allow further applications and new development.

scholarly journals Guidelines for irrigation scheduling of banana crop in São Francisco Valley, Brazil. I - Root distribution and activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Henrique Bassoi ◽  
José Antonio Moura e Silva ◽  
Emanuel Elder Gomes da Silva ◽  
Clovis Manoel Carvalho Ramos ◽  
Gilberto Chohaku Sediyama
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Banana Crop

In order to establish guidelines for irrigation water management of banana cv. Pacovan (AAB group, Prata sub-group) in Petrolina County, northeastern Brazil, the root distribution and activity were measured on an irrigated plantation, in a medium texture soil, with plants spaced in a 3 x 3 m grid. Root distribution was evaluated by the soil profile method aided by digital image analysis, while root activity was indirectly determined by the changing of soil water content and by the direction of soil water flux. Data were collected since planting in January 1999 to the 3rd harvest in September 2001. Effective rooting depth increased from 0.4 m at 91 days after planting (dap), to 0.6 m at 370, 510, and 903 dap, while water absorption by roots was predominantly in the top 0,6 m.

scholarly journals Adapting Root Distribution and Improving Water Use Efficiency via Drip Irrigation in a Jujube (Zizyphus jujube Mill.) Orchard after Long-Term Flood Irrigation

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Zhaoyang Li ◽  
Rui Zong ◽  
Tianyu Wang ◽  
Zhenhua Wang ◽  
Jinzhu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Jujube tree yields in dryland saline soils are restricted by water shortages and soil salinity. Converting traditional flood irrigation to drip irrigation would solve water deficit and salt stress. The root distribution reacts primarily to the availability of water and nutrients. However, there is little information about the response of jujube roots to the change from flood irrigation to drip irrigation. In this context, a two–year experiment was carried out to reveal the effects of the change from long–term flood irrigation to drip irrigation on soil water, root distribution, fruit yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of jujube trees. In this study, drip irrigation amounts were designed with three levels, i.e., 880 mm (W1), 660 mm (W2), 440 mm (W3), and the flood irrigation of 1100 mm was designed as the control (CK). The results showed that replacing flood irrigation with drip irrigation significantly altered soil water distribution and increased soil moisture in the topsoil (0–40 cm). In the drip irrigation treatments with high levels, soil water storage in the 0–60 cm soil layer at the flowering and fruit setting, and fruit swelling stages of jujube trees increased significantly compared with the flood irrigation. After two consecutive years of drip irrigation, the treatments with higher irrigation levels increased root length density (RLD) in 0–60 cm soil depth but decreased that in the 60–100 cm depth. In the horizontal direction, higher irrigation levels increased RLD in the distance of 0–50 cm, while reducing RLD in the distance of 50–100 cm. However, the opposite conclusion was obtained in W3 treatment. Additionally, in the second year of drip irrigation, W2 treatment (660 mm) significantly improved yield and WUE, with an increasing of 7.6% for yield and 60.3% for WUE compared to the flood irrigation. In summary, converting flood irrigation to drip irrigation is useful in regulating root distribution and improving WUE, which would be a promising method in jujube cultivation in arid regions.

scholarly journals The Root-Soil Water Relationship Is Spatially Anisotropic in Shrub-Encroached Grassland in North China: Evidence from GPR Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137
Author(s):  
Xihong Cui ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Li Guo ◽  
Xinbo Liu ◽  
Zhenxian Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Distribution Density ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Depth Interval ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Free Area

To analyze the root-soil water relationship at the stand level, we integrated ground-penetrating radar (GPR), which characterized the distribution of lateral coarse roots (>2 mm in diameter) of shrubs (Caragana microphylla Lam.), with soil core sampling, which mapped soil water content (SWC) distribution. GPR surveys and soil sampling were carried out in two plots (Plot 1 in 2017 and Plot 2 in 2018) with the same size (30 × 30 m2) in the sandy soil of the semi-arid shrubland in northern China. First, the survey area was divided into five depth intervals, i.e., 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm. Each depth interval was then divided into three zones in the horizontal direction, including root-rich canopy-covered area, root-rich canopy-free area, and root-poor area, to indicate different surface distances to the canopy. The generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to analyze the correlation between root distribution density and SWC after the spatial autocorrelation of each variable was eliminated. Results showed that the root-soil water relationship varies between the vertical and horizontal directions. Vertically, more roots are distributed in soil with high SWC and fewer roots in soil with low SWC. Namely, root distribution density is positively correlated with SWC in the vertical direction. Horizontally, the root-soil water relationship is, however, more complex. In the canopy-free area of Plot 1, the root-soil water relationship was significant (p < 0.05) and negatively correlated in the middle two depth intervals (20–40 cm and 40–60 cm). In the same two depth intervals in the canopy-free area of Plot 2, the root-soil water relationship was also significant (p < 0.01) but non-monotonic correlated, that is, with the root distribution density increasing, the mean SWC decreased first and then increased. Moreover, we discussed possible mechanisms, e.g., root water uptake, 3D root distribution, preferential flow along roots, and different growing stages, which might lead to the spatially anisotropic relationship between root distribution and SWC at the stand level. This study demonstrates the advantages of GPR in ecohydrology studies at the field scale that is challenging for traditional methods. Results reported here complement existing knowledge about the root-soil water relationship in semi-arid environments and shed new insights on modeling the complex ecohydrological processes in the root zone.

scholarly journals Root Response to Soil Water Status via Interaction of Crop Genotype and Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Phanthasin Khanthavong ◽  
Shin Yabuta ◽  
Hidetoshi Asai ◽  
Md. Amzad Hossain ◽  
Isao Akagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Crop Adaptation ◽  
Soil Moisture Status ◽  
Root Distributions

Flooding and drought are major causes of reductions in crop productivity. Root distribution indicates crop adaptation to water stress. Therefore, we aimed to identify crop roots response based on root distribution under various soil conditions. The root distribution of four crops—maize, millet, sorghum, and rice—was evaluated under continuous soil waterlogging (CSW), moderate soil moisture (MSM), and gradual soil drying (GSD) conditions. Roots extended largely to the shallow soil layer in CSW and grew longer to the deeper soil layer in GSD in maize and sorghum. GSD tended to promote the root and shoot biomass across soil moisture status regardless of the crop species. The change of specific root density in rice and millet was small compared with maize and sorghum between different soil moisture statuses. Crop response in shoot and root biomass to various soil moisture status was highest in maize and lowest in rice among the tested crops as per the regression coefficient. Thus, we describe different root distributions associated with crop plasticity, which signify root spread changes, depending on soil water conditions in different crop genotypes as well as root distributions that vary depending on crop adaptation from anaerobic to aerobic conditions.

Soil water dynamics after fire in a Portuguese shrubland

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim S. Silva ◽  
Francisco C. Rego ◽  
Stefano Mazzoleni
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Before And After

This paper presents a study where soil water content (SW) was measured before and after an experimental fire in a shrubland dominated by Erica scoparia L. in Portugal. Two plots were established: one was kept as a control plot and the other was burned by an experimental fire in June 2001. Measurements were taken before fire (2000), and after fire (2001, 2002, and 2003) at six depths down to 170 cm, from June to December. Measurements before fire allowed comparison of the two plots in terms of the SW differential, using 2000 as a reference. Results for 2001 showed that SW decreased less during the drying season (June–September) and increased more during the wetting season (October–December) in the burned plot than in the control plot. The magnitude of these effects decreased consistently in 2002 and 2003, especially at surface layers. The maximum gain of SW for the total profile in the burned plot was estimated as 105.5 mm in 2001, 70.2 mm in 2002, and 35.6 mm in 2003. The present paper discusses the mechanisms responsible for the increase in SW taking into account the characteristics of the plant community, including the root distribution, and the results of other studies.

Towards the consideration of soil-root resistances in root water uptake models with macroscopic representations of hydraulic root architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vanderborght ◽  
Valentin Couvreur ◽  
Felicien Meunier ◽  
Andrea Schnepf ◽  
Harry Vereecken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Hydraulic Architecture ◽  
Root Segments ◽  
Soil Volume

&lt;p&gt;Plant water uptake from soil is an important component of terrestrial water cycle with strong links to the carbon cycle and the land surface energy budget. To simulate the relation between soil water content, root distribution, and root water uptake, models should represent the hydraulics of the soil-root system and describe the flow from the soil towards root segments and within the 3D root system architecture according to hydraulic principles. We have recently demonstrated how macroscopic relations that describe the lumped water uptake by all root segments in a certain soil volume, e.g. in a thin horizontal soil layer in which soil water potentials are uniform, can be derived from the hydraulic properties of the 3D root architecture. The flow equations within the root system can be scaled up exactly and the total root water uptake from a soil volume depends on only two macroscopic characteristics of the root system: the root system conductance, K&lt;sub&gt;rs&lt;/sub&gt;, and the uptake distribution from the soil when soil water potentials in the soil are uniform, &lt;strong&gt;SUF&lt;/strong&gt;. When a simple root hydraulic architecture was assumed, these two characteristics were sufficient to describe root water uptake from profiles with a non-uniform water distribution. This simplification gave accurate results when root characteristics were calculated directly from the root hydraulic architecture. In a next step, we investigate how the resistance to flow in the soil surrounding the root can be considered in a macroscopic root water uptake model. We specifically investigate whether the macroscopic representation of the flow in the root architecture, which predicts an effective xylem water potential at a certain soil depth, can be coupled with a model that describes the transfer from the soil to the root using a simplified representation of the root distribution in a certain soil layer, i.e. assuming a uniform root distribution.&lt;/p&gt;

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