scholarly journals Does the global activity limitation indicator measure participation restriction? Data from the European Health and Social Integration Survey in Spain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Cabrero-García ◽  
Juan Ramón Rico-Juan ◽  
Antonio Oliver-Roig
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Activity Limitation ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Participation Restriction ◽  
Domestic Life ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
European Health ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Value Decomposition ◽  
Global Activity

Abstract Purpose The global activity limitation indicator (GALI) is the only internationally agreed and harmonised participation restriction measure. We examine if GALI, as intended, is a reflective measure of the domains of participation; furthermore, we determine the relative importance of these domains. Also, we investigated the consistency of response to GALI by age and gender and compared the performance of GALI with that of self-rated health (SRH). Methods We used Spanish data from the European Health and Social Integration Survey and selected adults aged 18 and over (N = 13,568). Data analysis, based on logistic regression models and Shapley value decomposition, were also stratified by age. The predictors of the models were demographic variables and restrictions in participation domains: studies, work, mobility, leisure and social activities, domestic life, and self-care. The GALI and SRH were the response variables. Results GALI was strongly associated with all participation domains (e.g. for domestic life, adjusted OR 24.34 (95% CI 18.53–31.97) in adult under 65) and performed differentially with age (e.g. for domestic life, adjusted OR 13.33 (95% CI 10.42–17.03) in adults over 64), but not with gender. The relative importance of domains varied with age (e.g. work was the most important domain for younger and domestic life for older adults). The results with SRH were parallel to those of GALI, but the association of SRH with participation domains was lowest. Conclusions GALI reflects well restrictions in multiple participation domains and performs differently with age, probably because older people lower their standard of good functioning.

scholarly journals Association of the global activity limitation indicator with specific measures of disability in adults aged below 65

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1225-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Cabrero-García ◽  
Rocío Juliá-Sanchis ◽  
Miguel Richart-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Activity Limitation ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Domestic Life ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
European Health Interview Survey ◽  
Global Activity

Abstract Background Summary health measures as the global activity limitation indicator (GALI) or self-rated health (SRH) allow to quantify and monitor the health of the population. The GALI is widely used in the European Union; however, evidence of its construct validity is still limited. We examine whether the GALI reflects disability in specific living contexts such as self-care, domestic life and work activity, whether it does so consistently across gender and age and its added value concerning SRH. Methods We used the subsample of adults aged 16–64 years (N = 15 934) from the 2009 European Health Interview Survey in Spain and analyzed the data with logistic regression models using the GALI and SRH as response variables. Results The GALI was strongly and significantly associated with the three measures of disability: self-care (OR = 22.8, 95% CI: 15.9–32.7), domestic life (OR = 16.3, 95% CI: 13.6–19.5) and work activity (e.g. impossibility to work: OR = 41.9, 95% CI: 30.3–57.8; prolonged sick leave: OR = 10.7, 95% CI: 9–12.7). There were significant interactions with age on all three disability measures and with the gender on one (domestic life), although they were small. SRH was also strongly associated with all three disability measures, but to a lesser extent than the GALI. Conclusions The GALI reflects well and better than SRH, disability in self-care, domestic life and work activity. It is unknown whether the GALI performs equally in other living contexts such as social relations and community life.

Cancer Screening Participation and Gender Stratification in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-395
Author(s):  
Barbara Willems ◽  
Stéphane Cullati ◽  
Vincent De Prez ◽  
Vladimir Jolidon ◽  
Claudine Burton-Jeangros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
Gender Stratification ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Screening Participation ◽  
European Health ◽  
European Health Interview Survey ◽  
And Gender

The current study examines whether the extent of macrolevel gender inequality affects the association between women’s educational attainment and their participation in cervical and breast cancer screening and how this relationship is moderated by a country’s cancer screening strategy (organized vs. opportunistic). A multilevel design with women (Ncervical = 99,794; Nbreast = 55,021) nested in 30 European countries was used to analyze data from the European Health Interview Survey (2013–2015). Results of multilevel logistic regression models demonstrate that higher macrolevel gender inequality is associated with (a) a lower overall likelihood that women have had a mammography and Pap smear and (b) a larger gap in participation between women with low and high levels of education, regardless of a country’s screening strategy (i.e., no moderation by a country’s screening strategy was found). We conclude that macrolevel gender stratification should not be neglected when designing cancer screening policy.

scholarly journals Determinants of Disability in Minority Populations in Spain: A Nationwide Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3537
Author(s):  
Javier Casillas-Clot ◽  
Pamela Pereyra-Zamora ◽  
Andreu Nolasco
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Global Activity

Some population groups could be especially vulnerable to the effects of population ageing. The Global Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI) has been proposed as a measure of disability, but it has not been used in minority groups. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of disability using the GALI and to analyse its determinants in immigrant and Roma populations. Data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 and the National Health Survey of the Roma Population 2014 were used, including adults aged 50 and above. Prevalence of disability was estimated, and odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression models to assess the association between disability and demographic, socioeconomic, and health variables. The prevalence of disability was estimated at 39.4%, 30.6%, and 58.7% in the native, immigrant, and Roma populations, respectively. Gender was a common determinant for the native and Roma populations. On the other hand, among immigrants, the risk of disability increased over the time residing in Spain. There were significant interactions with age and gender in the native population. Disability has different determinants in the three population groups. Public health measures to protect the Roma population and immigrants’ health should be considered.

Hungarian diet and nutritional status survey – The OTAP2009 study I. Nutritional status of the Hungarian population

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (26) ◽  
pp. 1023-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Martos ◽  
Viktória Anna Kovács ◽  
Márta Bakacs ◽  
Csilla Kaposvári ◽  
Andrea Lugasi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
European Health ◽  
European Health Interview Survey ◽  
And Gender

Obesity is a leading public health problem, but representative data on measured prevalence among Hungarian adults has been missing since the late eighties. Aim and method: Joining in European Health Interview Survey the aim of the OTAP2009 study was to provide data representative by age and gender on the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity among Hungarian adults based on their measured anthropometric data. Results: Participation rate was 35% (n = 1165). Data shows that nearly two-thirds of adults are overweight or obese. 26.2% of men and 30.4% of women are obese. Prevalence of morbid obesity is 3.1% and 2.6% in men and women, respectively. Abdominal obesity is more prevalent among women than men (51.0% vs. 33.2%), and rate is increasing parallel with age in both gender. In elderly, 55% of men and almost 80% of women are abdominally obese. Conclusions: Besides interventions of population level for tackling obesity, individual preventive measures are indispensable. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1023–1030.

scholarly journals Transitions in hookah (Waterpipe) smoking by U.S. sexual minority adults between 2013 and 2015: the population assessment of tobacco and health study wave 1 and wave 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Rezk-Hanna ◽  
Ian W. Holloway ◽  
Joy Toyama ◽  
Umme Shefa Warda ◽  
Lorree Catherine Berteau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Hookah Smoking ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Tobacco smoking using a hookah (i.e., waterpipe) is a global epidemic. While evidence suggests that sexual minorities (SM) have higher odds of hookah use compared to heterosexuals, little is known about their hookah use patterns and transitions. We sought to examine transitions between hookah smoking and use of other tobacco and electronic (e-) products among SM adults aged 18 years of age and older versus their heterosexual counterparts. Methods We analyzed nationally representative data of ever and current hookah smokers from Wave 1 (2013–2014; ever use n = 1014 SM and n = 9462 heterosexuals; current use n = 144 SM and n = 910 heterosexuals) and Wave 2 (2014–2015; ever use n = 901 SM and n = 8049 heterosexuals; current use n = 117 SM and n = 602 heterosexuals) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Comparisons between groups and gender subgroups within SM identity groups were determined with Rao-Scott chi-square tests and multivariable survey-weighted multinomial logistic regression models were estimated for transition patterns and initiation of electronic product use in Wave 2. Results Ever and current hookah smoking among SM adults (ever use Wave 1: 29% and Wave 2: 31%; current use Wave 1: 4% and Wave 2: 3%) was higher than heterosexuals (ever use Wave 1: 16% and Wave 2: 16%; current use Wave 1: 1% and Wave 2: 1%; both p < 0.0001). Among SM adults who reported hookah use at Wave 1, 46% quit hookah use at Wave 2; 39% continued hookah use and did not transition to other products while 36% of heterosexual adults quit hookah use at Wave 2 and 36% continued hookah use and did not transition to other products. Compared with heterosexuals, SM adults reported higher use of hookah plus e-products (Wave 2 usage increased by 65 and 83%, respectively). Conclusions Compared to heterosexuals, in addition to higher rates of hookah smoking, higher percentages of SM adults transitioned to hookah plus e-product use between 2013 and 2015. Results have implications for stronger efforts to increase awareness of the harmful effects of hookah as well as vaping, specifically tailored among SM communities.

scholarly journals Validity of the Global Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI) to evaluate severity of disability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belisa Tarazona ◽  
Jesús González-Enríquez ◽  
Javier Almazán-Isla ◽  
Enrique Alcalde-Cabero ◽  
Jesús de Pedro-Cuesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Activity Limitation ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Severity Of Disability ◽  
Degree Of Disability ◽  
Degree Of Severity ◽  
Global Activity ◽  
Limited Sensitivity

Abstract Our aim was to estimate the validity of the Global Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI) when measuring the severity level of disability. Data came from 153 residents of Spain, who requested an evaluation of their degree of disability. We compared disability classifications (severe vs. non-severe) from GALI against those from the 36-item questionnaire WHODAS 2.0, the current gold standard measure of disability. The sensitivity of GALI to detect severe disability was 58.3% [95% confidence interval (CI):43.2–72.4], and the specificity was 84.8% (95% CI: 76.4–91.0). Thus, the validity of GALI to accurately categorize the degree of severity of an individual’s disability is not high, this in great part due to its limited sensitivity.

Abstract MP40: U-shaped Association Of Altitude With Prevalence Of Hypertension Among Tibetan Residents

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changwei Li ◽  
Ruiyuan Zhang ◽  
Luqi Shen ◽  
Sangzhu Laba
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Physician

Background: Tibet has a disproportionately higher prevalence of hypertension, compared to other regions of China. This may be related to long-term exposure to the high altitude. The aim of our study is to evaluate associations of altitudes with prevalence of hypertension among residents aged 15 years and older in Tibet, China. Method: A total of 11,407 Tibet residents in the 5 th National Health Services Survey (NHSS) in 2013-2015 were included in this study. Physician diagnosed hypertension was determined based on self-report. County level altitude was identified and assigned to all residents in a county. Association between altitude and hypertension prevalence was assessed by two logistic regression models: model 1 adjusted for age and gender, and model 2 additionally adjusted for marital status, education, smoking, drinking, exercise, distance to a medical institute, area of residency, and body mass index (BMI). Non-linear relationship between altitude and prevalence of hypertension was explored by restricted cubic spline analyses. Sensitivity analysis were performed by restricting residents in rural and/or nomadic areas. Result: The prevalence of self-reported hypertension is 15.7%, the medication adherence rate is 14%, and the control rate is 10.3%. Compared to residents without physician diagnosed hypertension, those with hypertension were closer to a hospital, older, having lower education level, and less likely to be a smoker or live in an urban area. Altitude showed a U shape relationship with the prevalence of hypertension with a turning point at around 3,800 meters. For residents living more than 3,800 meters above sea level, a 1,000 meters increase in altitude was associated with 2.05 (95% confidence interval: 1.62-2.61) times higher odds of having physician diagnosed hypertension, after adjusting for age and gender. When further controlling for all covariates, the OR dropped to 1.87 (1.46-2.41) but still significant. For residents living below the altitude of 3,800 meters, 1000 meters’ increase was associated 0.55 (95% CI: 0.33-0.92) less likelihood of having physician diagnosed hypertension. Conclusion: The burden of self-reported hypertension was high among Tibet residents. Altitude was in a U-shaped association with the prevalence of hypertension with a turning point at around 3,800 meters.

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