Induction of tetraploid poplar and black locust plants using colchicine: chloroplast number as an early marker for selecting polyploids in vitro

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ewald ◽  
K. Ulrich ◽  
G. Naujoks ◽  
M.-B. Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Black Locust ◽  
Chloroplast Number ◽  
Early Marker

scholarly journals Naphthenic acids - alternative rooting stimulators in black locust microshoots

2014 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Branislav Kovacevic ◽  
Slavko Kevresan ◽  
Sasa Orlovic ◽  
Dragana Miladinovic ◽  
Vera Cirin-Novta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Naphthenic Acids ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Test Treatments ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Positive Effect

The study describes the rooting effect of naphthenates and their fractions on in vitro grown Robinia pseudoacacia L. shoots. Natural naphthenic acids have been isolated by alkaline extraction from middle fraction of crude oil type ?Velebit? from Vojvodina, characterized and fractionated. Black locust shoot bases were immersed in ACM medium [Ahuja, 1984] without agar supplemented with either 10, 50 or 100 ?M of basic naphthenate preparation, naphthenate fractions obtained by extraction at different pHs (pH 2, pH 4, pH 7 and pH 9), or indole- 3-butyric acid (IBA). Treated shoots have been then grown on hormone-free medium for four weeks. Significant differences among test treatments were recorded during the third and the fourth week of in vitro cultivation. Final evaluation was performed on the basis of rooting percentage after four weeks of cultivation. The highest rooting percentage (>70%) was achieved after the treatment with solution containing 50 ?M of IBA. However, treatment with 10 ?M of naphthenate preparation achieved also positive effect on rooting (>60%). Average rooting percentage in the control treatment was just 45%. Our results with black locust confirm previous results gained with some other agricultural and forest tree species that naphthenates have the potential to stimulate rooting in shoots and cuttings.

Differential Tolerance of Woody Nursery Crop Seedlings to Napropamide

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumaryono ◽  
Garvin Crabtree
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Deciduous Species ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Secondary Roots

Experiments are conducted to evaluate the tolerance of three deciduous species: black locust, honeylocust, apple, and three coniferous species: Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, and Japanese black pine, in the seedling stage to napropamide. Deciduous species were more susceptible to napropamide than coniferous species. Domestic apple had the slowest seed germination and root development and was more susceptible. The deciduous species had more secondary roots in the shallow soil layer which contained most of the herbicide than the coniferous species. The roots of all woody species tested in vitro were inhibited significantly by contact with the herbicide, but only shoot growth of domestic apple and black locust was inhibited. Injury to woody nursery crop seedlings may be avoided by delaying herbicide application.

scholarly journals Mutasi Induksi Dendrobium sylvanum var. flava Menggunakan Kolkisin secara In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Musalamah , ◽  
Ni Made Armini Wiendi ◽  
Sri Rianawati
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Chloroplast Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Proliferation Medium ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACTIn Vitro mutation using colchicine on 2 month of self-pollinated protocorm like bodies of Dendrobium sylvanum var. flava was conducted to determine the effects of concentration and immersion duration in colchicine on proliferation of PLBs, and to identify of ploidy variants based on stomatal variable. Research was arranged using factorial completely randomized design with three factors in three replications. The first factor was concentration of colchicine, consisted of five concentrations (0.02; 0.04, 0.06; 0.08; dan 0.1%). The second factor was duration of immersion in the colchicine, consisted of four durations (1; 24; 48; 72 hours). The third factor was proliferation medium consisted of two concentrations of BAP (1; 0.5 mg L-1). Analysis of variance showed the significant effect of colchicine treatment on percentage of survived explants. LD50 in media 1 mg L-1 BAP was obtained at a colchicine concentration of 0.069% with duration immersion of 58.19 hours. On Media 0.5 mg L-1 BAP, LD50 was obtained at colchicine concentration of 0.054% with duration immersion of 47.63 hours. Percentage of solid polyploid mutant of Dendrobium sylvanum var. flava can not be determined on MV2 generation because the stomata leaf showed chimeras based on the chloroplast number in cell guard and stomata size.Keywords: colchicines, Dendrobium sylvanum, mutation, number of chloroplast stomatal density.ABSTRAKMutasi dengan kolkisin pada PLBs hasil selfing Dendrobium sylvanum var. flava umur 2 bulan dilakukan secara In Vitro dengan tujuan mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi kolkisin, durasi perendaman dalam kolkisin, media proliferasi terhadap pertumbuhan PLBs Dendrobium sylvanum var. flava serta mengidentifikasi variasi ploidi berdasarkan variabel stomata. Penelitian disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial 3 Faktor dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama ialah konsentrasi kolkisin yang terdiri atas 5 taraf (0.02; 0.04, 0.06; 0.08; dan 0.1%). Faktor kedua ialah durasi perendaman yang terdiri atas 4 taraf (1; 24; 48; 72 jam). Faktor ketiga ialah media proliferasi media V&W yang ditambah BAP terdiri atas 2 taraf (1; 0.5 mg L-1). Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan pengaruh kolkisin yang nyata terhadap variabel persentase hidup. LD50 pada media 1 mg L-1 BAP diperoleh pada konsentrasi 0.069 % dengan durasi perendaman 58.19 jam. Pada media 0.5 mg L-1 BAP, LD50 diperoleh pada konsentrasi 0.054 % dengan durasi perendaman 47.63 jam. Persentase mutan poliploid pada MV2 Dendrobium sylvanum var. flava ini belum dapat ditentukan karena stomata daunnya masih kimera berdasarkan karakter jumlah kloroplas sel penjaga dan ukuran stomata.Kata kunci: Dendrobium sylvanum, jumlah kloroplas, kerapatan stomata, kolkisin, mutasi.

scholarly journals Effects of condensed tannins prepared from leaves of fodder plants on digestive enzymes in vitro and in the intestine of rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Horigome ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
K. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Reynoutria Japonica ◽  
Fodder Plants

1. Of the nineteen plants screened, six were found to contain large quantities of condensed tannins. Black locust (Robinia pseudo-Acacia), bush clover (Lespedeza bicolor), wistaria (Wistaria floribunda) and Japanese knotgrass (Reynoutria japonica) were used for the present experiment. Tannins of the investigated plants were fractionated into three or four molecular forms, according to the degree of polymerization, by chromatography on a column of Sephadex LH-20.2. The protein-precipitating capacity of the fractionated tannins increased with the increase in degree of polymerization. The inhibitory effect of tannins on trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4), a-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) activities in vitro also increased with the increase in degree of polymerization. The digestion of tannin-bovine serum albumin complex by trypsin was related to the degree of polymerization of tannins complexed.3. Inclusion of black locust tannins in the diet (10 g/kg) depressed the activities of trypsin and α-amylase in the upper, middle and lower parts of the intestine of the rats, but the lipase activity was increased in the middle part and remained unaffected in the upper and lower parts. It is presumed that the tannins have little affinity for lipase.4. Digestion trials, when the microflora level of the alimentary canal of rats was reduced by dietary antibiotic treatment, revealed that the inclusion of tannins in the diet (20 g/kg) depressed the digestibilities of proximate constituents, except crude fat, and increased faecal bile acid excretion.

hCG FREEb-SUBUNIT AN EARLY MARKER OF OUTCOME OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION CLINICAL PREGNANCIES*

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1328-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURENCE A. COLE ◽  
HUMBERTO RESTREPO-CANDELO ◽  
GAD LAW ◽  
ALAN DECHERNEY
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Early Marker

scholarly journals In vitro impact of condensed tannins on the caecal metabolites of chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. e174733
Author(s):  
Mohammed Munis Dakheel ◽  
Mohammed Abdalmalek Ali Al-Bedhawi ◽  
Afnan Ahmed Al-Mnaser ◽  
Martin John Woodward ◽  
Marina Mora-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
End Products ◽  
First Time ◽  
Acetate Butyrate

Tannins are a diverse group of plant phenolic compounds. Condensed tannins (CTs) represent a major subgroup of tannins and were extracted from tilia (Tilia L.) flowers and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) leaves. These extracts were examined for their effects on the metabolic profile of chicken caeca. By using in vitro, a nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), which was combined with multivariate statistics, the current study was applied for the first time to investigate how three different CT compositions, procyanidins (PC) and/or prodelphinidins (PD) units influenced the metabolic end-products in caecal contents of chickens. In the presence of tannins, glutamate, leucine, lysine, pyroglutamate, phenylalanine, proline, and sarcosine were significantly decreased. CT extracts significantly influenced the fermentation, increasing the concentrations of some fatty acids such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate whereas. In contrast, lactate decreased between the treatments. This study identified the key structural features of CTs that contain either high molar proportions of PD or PC, which might be useful to improve the efficiency of feed utilization in chickens.

scholarly journals Induksi mutasi Stevia rebaudiana dengan perendaman kolkisin secara in vitro (Induced mutation of Stevia rebaudiana through colchicine soaking in vitro)

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masna Maya SINTA ◽  
Ni Made Armini WIENDI ◽  
Syarifah Iis AISYAH
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Stomata Density ◽  
Chloroplast Number ◽  
Stomata Size

Stevia rebaudiana Bert. is a plant producing steviol glycosides that have 200-300 times sweeter than sucrose. These steviol glycosides are produced in the leaves and then spread to all parts of the plant including stems. The use of superior stevia planting material is important for stevia sugar industry. One of the stevia breeding programme is to increase genetic diversity through colchicine soaking to produce polyploid plants. Polyploid plants usually have higher vigor than diploid plants. The purpose of this research was to induce genetic diversity of stevia through colchicine soaking in vitro. Single nodes of sterile stevia clone BS were soaked in colchicine at the concentration of 0.01; 0.02; 0.04; 0.08 and 0.1% for 48 and 72 hours, and in sterile aquadest as a control. Plantlet subcultures were done until MV4 (mutant vegetative 4). Putative mutants were observed by plantlet vigor and stomata analyses on MV5. Vigor of plantlets was observed by counting the number of leaves, nodes, roots, fresh weight and dry weight of the plantlet. Stomata analysis was performed by calculating stomata density, stomata size and chloroplast number in stomata guard cells. Results showed that colchicine soaking treatment increased significantly fresh weight and dry weight of putative mutants. Colchicine soaking treatment increased chloroplast number on stomata guard cell and stomata size, but decreased stomata density. Stevia soaked in colchicine for 48 hours at concentration 0.01-0.04% produce putative mutants with high chromosome numbers. [Key words: poliploidy, stomata, chloroplast, mutant]AbstrakStevia rebaudiana Bert. merupakan tanaman penghasil glikosida steviol yang memiliki tingkat kemanisan 200-300 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan sukrosa. Glikosida steviol ini diproduksi di daun yang kemudian disalurkan ke bagian tanaman lainnya termasuk batang. Penggunaan klon terbaik stevia merupakan salah satu kunci penting keberhasilan industri gula stevia. Salah satu program pemuliaan tanaman stevia adalah meningkatkan keragaman tanaman melalui mutasi dengan kolkisin sehingga menghasilkan tanaman poliploid. Tanaman poliploid umumnya memiliki vigor lebih baik dibandingkan tanaman diploid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keragaman stevia melalui peren-daman kolkisin in vitro. Buku tunggal steril stevia klon BS direndam dalam kolkisin dengan konsentrasi 0,01; 0,02; 0,04; 0,08 dan 0,1% selama 48 dan 72 jam dengan perendaman dalam air steril sebagai kontrol. Sub kultur dilakukan hingga MV4 (mutan vegetatif 4). Pengamatan mutan putatif dilakukan meliputi analisis morfologi dan stomata pada MV5.  Analisis morfologi dilakukan dengan mengamati jumlah daun, buku, akar, bobot basah serta bobot kering planlet. Analisis stomata dilakukan dengan menghitung kerapatan stomata, ukuran stomata serta jumlah kloroplas pada sel penjaga stomata. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perendaman stevia pada kolkisin meningkatkan bobot basah serta bobot kering stevia in vitro. Perlakuan perendaman kolkisin meningkatkan jumlah kloroplas pada sel penjaga stomata serta ukuran stomata namun menurunkan kerapatan stomata. Perendaman stevia selama 48 jam pada konsentrasi kolkisin 0,01-0,04% menghasilkan mutan putatif dengan jumlah kromosom tertinggi.[Kata kunci: poliploidi, stomata, kloroplas, mutan]

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