Differential Tolerance of Woody Nursery Crop Seedlings to Napropamide

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumaryono ◽  
Garvin Crabtree
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Deciduous Species ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Secondary Roots

Experiments are conducted to evaluate the tolerance of three deciduous species: black locust, honeylocust, apple, and three coniferous species: Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, and Japanese black pine, in the seedling stage to napropamide. Deciduous species were more susceptible to napropamide than coniferous species. Domestic apple had the slowest seed germination and root development and was more susceptible. The deciduous species had more secondary roots in the shallow soil layer which contained most of the herbicide than the coniferous species. The roots of all woody species tested in vitro were inhibited significantly by contact with the herbicide, but only shoot growth of domestic apple and black locust was inhibited. Injury to woody nursery crop seedlings may be avoided by delaying herbicide application.

Effects of heavy metals on radicle growth of selected woody species germinated on filter paper, mineral and organic soil substrates

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Patterson III ◽  
John J. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Deciduous Species ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Radicle Elongation ◽  
Soil Substrates

Copper, nickel, and cobalt solutions were added to a variety of substrates to test the effects of these metals on the germination and radicle elongation of two deciduous and five coniferous woody species native to eastern North America. For species grown on filter paper, germination was little affected by metal concentrations of up to 100 ppm. Filter-paper tests showed that radicle elongation was reduced by 25% at concentrations that ranged from 1 to 5 ppm for Betulapapyrifera Marsh, to as much as 50 to 100 ppm for Pinusstrobus L. Concentrations causing similar effects on mineral and organic soil substrates were, respectively, 10 and 100 times greater than those for filter paper. For all species, toxicity followed the pattern Ni > Cu > Co for filter paper and [Formula: see text] for mineral and organic soils. Deciduous species were more readily damaged by these metals than were coniferous species.

Selectivity of auxin for induction and growth of callus from excised embryo of spring and winter wheat

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1393-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Zhou ◽  
T. T. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

The callus-promoting activity of most commonly known as well as some rarely tested auxins was compared with that of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for in vitro culture of the excised embryo of spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cv. Chinese Spring and cv. Fredrick. Different auxins in a concentration range from 1 to 50 μM showed widely different activities. Also the two wheat cultivars responded differently to the auxins. When rapid callus formation with limited root growth was used as the basis for comparison, 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2-MCPP), α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba), 4-amino-3,5,6,trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), γ-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid, in the order of effectiveness, were superior to 2,4,-D for callus induction from the embryo of 'Chinese Spring,' although the concentration required was higher than that of 2,4-D. For the winter wheat 'Fredrick,' however, only picloram, dicamba, and 2-MCPP performed as well as 2,4-D. All auxins tested promoted shoot growth; 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid was most effective for 'Chinese Spring,' whereas picloram was most effective for 'Fredrick.'

Influence of preculture treatment and types of explants on shoot growth and in vitro flowering of feathered amaranth (Celosia argentea var. plumose)

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitti Bodhipadma ◽  
Sompoch Noichinda ◽  
Winan Padyencheun ◽  
Theerapong Khunthacharoen ◽  
Utorn Chikhunthod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
In Vitro Flowering ◽  
Celosia Argentea

scholarly journals Effects of herbicides on growth and number of actinomycetes in soil and in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Santric ◽  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic ◽  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽  
Rada Djurovic-Pejcev
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transient Effects ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

This study was conducted under laboratory conditions to investigate the effects of herbicides (nicosulfuron, metribuzin and glyphosate) on the number of actinomycetes in soil and growth of several isolates of actinomycetes in vitro. The lowest tested concentrations equalled the recommended rates (1X), while the other three were five-fold (5X), ten-fold (10X) and fifty-fold (50X). Samples were collected for analysis 3, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days after herbicide application. Treatment with the two highest concentrations of herbicides (10X and 50X) caused a significant inhibition of the number of actinomycetes in soil and growth of the isolates in vitro. The obtained data indicated that the effect depended on the type of herbicide, application rate, duration of activity and actinomycetes isolate. The study suggests that herbicide applications in soil caused transient effects on the growth and development on actinomycetes community in soil.

scholarly journals Biofertlizer Lumbrical improves the growth and ex vitro acclimatization of micropropagated pear plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Nataliya Dimitrova ◽  
Lilyana Nacheva ◽  
Małgorzata Berova ◽  
Danuta Kulpa
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In vitro micropropagation of plants is highly useful for obtaining large quantities of planting material with valuable economic qualities. However, plantlets grow in vitro in a specific environment and the adaptation after the transfer to ex vitro conditions is difficult. Therefore, the acclimatization is a key step, which mostly determines the success of micropropagation. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of the biofertlizer Lumbrical on ex vitro acclimatization of micropropagated pear rootstock OHF 333 (Pyrus communis L.). Micropropagated and rooted plantlets were potted in peat and perlite (2:1) mixture with or without Lumbrical. They were grown in a growth chamber at a temperature of 22±2 °C and photoperiod of 16/8 hours supplied by cool-white fluorescent lamps (150 µmol m-2 s-1 Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density, PPFD). The plants were covered with transparent foil to maintain the high humidity, and ten days later, the humidity was gradually decreased. Biometric parameters, anatomic-morphological analyses, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll a fluorescence (JIP test) were measured 21 days after transplanting the plants to ex vitro conditions. The obtained results showed that the plants, acclimatized ex vitro in the substrate with Lumbrical, presented better growth (stem length, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh mass) and photosynthetic characteristics as compared to the control plants. This biostimulator could also be used to improve acclimatization in other woody species

scholarly journals Quantitative estimates of deciduousness in woody species from a seasonally dry tropical forest are related to leaf functional traits and the timing of leaf flush

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souparna Chakrabarty ◽  
Sheetal Sharma ◽  
Shatarupa Ganguly ◽  
Asmi Jezeera ◽  
Neha Mohanbabu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Leaf Phenology ◽  
Deciduous Species ◽  
Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest ◽  
Leaf Functional Traits ◽  
Dry Tropical Forest ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Quantitative Estimates

AbstractLeaf phenology based classification of woody species into discrete evergreen and deciduous categories is widely used in ecology, but these categories hide important variation in leaf phenological behaviour. Few studies have examined the continuous nature of deciduousness and our understanding of variation in quantitative estimates of leaf shedding behaviour and the causes and consequences of this is limited. In this study we monitored leaf phenology in 75 woody species from a seasonally dry tropical forest to quantify three quantitative measures of deciduousness, namely: maximum canopy loss, duration of deciduousness, and average canopy loss. Based on proposed drought tolerance and drought avoidance strategies of evergreen and deciduous species, respectively, we tested whether the quantitative measures of deciduousness were related to leaf functional traits. Additionally, to understand the functional consequences of variation in deciduousness we examined relationships with the timing of leaf flushing and senescing. We found wide and continuous variation in quantitative measures of deciduousness in these coexisting species. Variation in deciduousness was related to leaf function traits, and the timing of leaf flushing. Along a continuous axis ranging from evergreen to deciduous species, increasing deciduousness was associated with more acquisitive leaf functional traits, with lower leaf mass per area and leaf dry matter content, and greater leaf nitrogen content. These results indicate that the continuous nature of deciduousness is an important component of resource acquisition strategies in woody species from seasonally dry forests.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Comparing the growth of stem explants between Citrus reticulata var. Tawangmangu and C. reticulata var. Garut using in vitro culture methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erma Prihastanti ◽  
ENDAH D. HASTUTI ◽  
SRI W.A. SUEDY
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Growth Differences

Abstract. Prihastanti E, Hastuti ED, Suedy SWA. 2020. Short Communication: Comparing the growth of stem explants between Citrus reticulata var. Tawangmangu and C. reticulata var. Garut using in vitro culture methods. Biodiversitas 21: 5845-5849. Several efforts have been made to preserve Citrus reticulata var. Tawangmangu and Citrus reticulata var. Garut as indigenous Indonesian mandarin cultivars, including in vitro tissue culture methods. This study aimed to determine growth differences of the stem explants of C. reticulata var. Tawangmangu and C. reticulata var. Garut,which planted on the same Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. The treatment groups were derived from different explants, grown in 4 separate culture bottles for 35 days at 25°C. The observed parameters included the percentage of explants indicating callus development browned-colored explants, and the contaminated explants. Among C. reticulata var. Tawangmangu explants, 23.53% indicated callus development, 29.42% were browned-colored explants, and 0% indicated contamination. In contrast, among the C. reticulata var. Garut explants, 0% indicated callus development, 7.14% brown-colored, and 7.14% indicated contamination. The stems explants from C. reticulata var. Tawangmangu showed a tendency to develop calluses, but the explants of C. reticulata var. Garut was able to support the growth of shoots. C. reticulata var. Tawangmangu and Garut mandarin stem explants showed differences of shoot growth because physiological conditions varied according to the variety.

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