Efficiency of eradication of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus from infected raspberry (Rubus idaeus) by in vitro chemotherapy, thermotherapy and cryotherapy and their combinations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liya Mathew ◽  
Heather Tiffin ◽  
Zoe Erridge ◽  
Andrew McLachlan ◽  
Donald Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus ◽  
In Vitro Chemotherapy

scholarly journals Effect of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus, Raspberry leaf mottle virus, and Raspberry latent virus on Plant Growth and Fruit Crumbliness in ‘Meeker’ Red Raspberry

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego F. Quito-Avila ◽  
Danielle Lightle ◽  
Robert R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus

Raspberry crumbly fruit in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus), widespread in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and British Columbia, Canada, is most commonly caused by a virus infection. Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) has long been attributed as the causal agent of the disease. Recently, the identification of two additional viruses, Raspberry leaf mottle virus (RLMV) and Raspberry latent virus (RpLV), in northern Washington and British Columbia, suggested the existence of a possible new virus complex responsible for the increased severity of the disease. Virus testing of crumbly fruited plants from five fields in northern Washington revealed the presence of RLMV and RpLV, in addition to RBDV. Plants with less severe crumbly fruit symptoms had a much lower incidence of RLMV or RpLV. Field trials using replicated plots of ‘Meeker’ plants containing single and mixed infections of RBDV, RLMV, or RpLV, along with a virus-free control, were developed to determine the role of RLMV and RpLV in crumbly fruit. Field evaluations during establishment and two fruiting years revealed that plants infected with the three viruses or the combinations RBDV+RLMV and RBDV+RpLV had the greatest reduction in cane growth, or fruit firmness and fruit weight, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that the titer of RBDV was increased ~400-fold when it occurred in mixed infections with RLMV compared to RBDV in single infections. In addition, a virus survey revealed that RLMV and RpLV are present at high incidence in northern Washington; whereas the incidence in southern Washington and Oregon, where crumbly fruit is not as serious a problem, was considerably lower.

scholarly journals First Report of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus on Red Raspberry and Grapevine in Slovenia

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 1148-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mavrič ◽  
M. Viršček Marn ◽  
D. Koron ◽  
I. Žežlina
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
First Report ◽  
Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus ◽  
Das Elisa

In 2002, severe vein yellowing and partial or complete yellowing of leaves was observed on some shoots of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) cvs. Golden Bliss and Autumn Bliss. Sap of infected plants of cv. Golden Bliss was inoculated onto Chenopodium quinoa and Nicotiana benthamiana. Faint chlorotic spots were observed on inoculated leaves of C. quinoa approximately 14 days after inoculation but no systemic symptoms appeared. No symptoms were observed on N. benthamiana. Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) was detected in the original raspberry plant using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) with polyclonal antiserum (Loewe Biochemica, Sauerlach, Germany). Systemic infections of inoculated C. quinoa and N. benthaminana were confirmed using DAS-ELISA. In 2001 and 2002, unusual virus symptoms were observed on grapevine grafts (Vitis vinifera) of cv. Laški Rizling. Symptoms appeared as curved line patterns and yellowing of the leaves. No nepoviruses were found in symptomatic plants, but RBDV was confirmed using DAS-ELISA. RBDV infection was later confirmed in grapevine cv. Štajerska Belina with similar symptoms. RBDV was transmitted mechanically from grapevine to C. quinoa where it was detected by immunocapture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR). IC-RT-PCR was used to amplify a part of the coat protein gene of the virus from raspberry and grapevine, and the amplification products were sequenced (1). The obtained sequence shared at least 93% nucleotide sequence identity with other known RBDV sequences, which confirmed the serological results. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the natural occurrence of RBDV in grapevine and also of RBDV infection of red raspberry in Slovenia. Reference: (1) H. I. Kokko et al. Biotechniques 20:842, 1996.

scholarly journals Incidence and Distribution of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus in Commercial Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) Crops in Scotland

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 985-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Chard ◽  
Susan Irvine ◽  
Adrian M. I. Roberts ◽  
Ian M. Nevison ◽  
Wendy J. McGavin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Type Isolate ◽  
Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Made In ◽  
Standard Grade

A survey was done in 1998 to determine whether Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) was established in raspberry fruiting plantations in Scotland. Raspberry-producing holdings were selected according to geographical area and size. Samples (201), each comprising 60 shoots per stock, were obtained from 77 holdings and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA-positive shoots from each infected stock were grafted onto cultivar Glen Clova, which is resistant to the Scottish-type isolate of RBDV (RBDV-S), to establish whether the virus is a resistance-breaking (RB) isolate. RBDV was detected in 22% of the stocks sampled, with 2 to 80% incidence of infection. No RBDV was in any of the 40 plantations containing cultivars resistant to RBDV-S or in Glen Clova plants, which were grafted successfully with samples from 15 infected plantations, indicating that no RB isolates were detected. The percentage of infected plantations increased with time from the planting date. In order to investigate possible sources of infection, ELISA for RBDV was made in 1999 on samples of stocks of raspberry cultivars entered for the lowest certified grade (Standard Grade) in Scotland and, in 1994 to 1997, on certified stocks planted with material originating from outside Scotland. No RBDV was detected in any of the samples. RBDV was found only rarely in samples of wild raspberry in Angus and Perthshire.

scholarly journals Impact of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus on ‘Marion’ Blackberry

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadine Strik ◽  
Robert R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
The North ◽  
Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus ◽  
Complex Hybrid ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
The Impact

Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), genus Idaeovirus, was first observed in 1997 in a planting of ‘Marion’ blackberry (a complex hybrid with Rubus idaeus, R. procerus, and R. ursinus in its background) established at the North Willamette Research and Extension Center (Aurora, OR) from tissue-cultured plants in 1993. RBDV was detected in 128 of the 280 plants. The incidence of RBDV in this planting did not increase from 1997 through 2001. In 1999 and 2000, we evaluated the impact of RBDV on yield, fruit quality, and plant growth of ‘Marion’ blackberry. RBDV had no effect on cane growth or fruit number, but it reduced yield (40 to 50%), fruit weight (23 to 40%), and drupelet number per fruit (36 to 39%) compared with uninfected plants. In 2000, we surveyed 32 commercial ‘Marion’ fields for RBDV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The locations of sampled fields were selected to reflect the acreage distribution of ‘Marion’ blackberry production in Oregon. RBDV-infected plants were detected in three fields.

scholarly journals First Report of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus in Rubus multibracteatus from China

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Chamberlain ◽  
J. Kraus ◽  
P. D. Kohnen ◽  
C. E. Finn ◽  
R. R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Coat Protein ◽  
Coat Protein Gene ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
First Report ◽  
Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus ◽  
Plant Pathol

Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), genus Idaeovirus, has been reported in commercial Rubus spp. from North and South America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. Infection can cause reduced vigor and drupelet abortion leading to crumbly fruit and reduced yields (3,4). In recent years, Rubus germplasm in the form of seed, was obtained on several collection trips to The People's Republic of China to increase the diversity of Rubus spp. in the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, (Corvallis, OR). Before planting in the field, seedlings were tested for the presence of RBDV, Tomato ringspot virus, and Tobacco streak virus using triple-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) (antiserum produced by R. R. Martin). One symptomless plant of R. multibracteatus H. Lev. & Vaniot (PI 618457 in USDA-ARS GRIN database), from Guizhou province in China, tested positive for RBDV (RBDV-China). After mechanical transmission on Chenopodium quinoa Willd., this isolate produced typical symptoms of RBDV (3). To determine if RBDV-China was a contaminant during the handling of the plants, or if the source was a seedborne virus, the coat protein gene was sequenced and compared to published sequences of RBDV. RNA was extracted from leaves of R. multibracteatus and subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers that flank the coat protein gene. Products from four separate PCR reactions were sequenced directly or were cloned into the plasmid vector pCR 2.1 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and then sequenced. The coding sequence of the coat protein gene of RBDV-China was 87.5% (722/825) identical to that isolated from black raspberry (Genbank Accession No. s55890). The predicted amino acid sequences were 91.6% (251/274) identical. Previously, a maximum of five amino acid differences had been observed in the coat proteins of different RBDV strains (1). The 23 differences observed between RBDV-China and the isolate from black raspberry (s55890) confirm that the RBDV in R. multibracteatus is not a greenhouse contaminant but is indeed a unique strain of RBDV. In addition, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to RBDV (2) were tested against RBDV-China. In these tests, MAb D1 did not detect RBDV-China, whereas MAb R2 and R5 were able to detect the strain. This is the first strain of RBDV that has been clearly differentiated by MAbs using standard TAS-ELISA tests. Although RBDV is common in commercial Rubus spp. worldwide, to our knowledge, this is the first report of RBDV in R. multibracteatus, and the first report of RBDV from China. The effects of this new strain of RBDV could be more or less severe, or have a different host range than previously studied strains. It is more divergent from the type isolate than any other strain that has been studied to date. Phylogenetic analysis of coat protein genes of RBDV may be useful in understanding the evolution and spread of this virus. References: (1) A. T. Jones et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 106:623, 2000. (2) R. R. Martin. Can. J. Plant. Pathol. 6:264, 1984. (3) A. F. Murant. Raspberry Bushy Dwarf. Page 229 in: Virus Diseases of Small Fruits. R. H. Converse, ed. U.S. Dep. Agric. Agric. Handb. 631, 1987. (4) B. Strik and R. R. Martin. Plant Dis. 87:294, 2003.

scholarly journals Microelements content in leaves of raspberry cv. Willamette as affected by foliar nutrition and substrates

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ž. Karaklajić-Stajić ◽  
I.S. Glišić ◽  
Dj. Ružić ◽  
T. Vujović ◽  
M. Pešaković
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Planting Material

Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivar Willamette has long been the most commonly grown raspberry cultivar in Serbia, which is owing to high adaptability of the cultivar to respective agro-environmental conditions. Massive dieback of full bearing plantings is a major problem in raspberry growing hence quality planting material is a must when establishing new raspberry plantings. The study was conducted under protected conditions (in screenhouse) on plants obtained by micropropagation in vitro. In order to achieve optimal vegetative potential, plants were grown for two consecutive years (2004–2005) on two substrates (Steckmedium and Seedling) using three foliar fertilizers (Wuxal, Murtonik and Ferticare). The study revealed optimal vegetative growth in plants studied, excess manganese (150.60-214.52 mg/g), optimum iron content (94.00-123.50 mg/g), and zinc (28.60-31.00 mg/g) and copper (3.10-4.00 mg/g) deficiencies, based on the referent values of microelements content. The assessment of nutritional status of plants by the DOP index suggested significant differences in microelements imbalance when different foliar fertilizers and substrates are applied.

scholarly journals First Report of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus Infecting Grapevine in Hungary

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 1582-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mavrič Pleško ◽  
M. Viršček Marn ◽  
K. Nyerges ◽  
J. Lázár
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
First Report ◽  
Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Rubus Species ◽  
Das Elisa

Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) is the sole member of genus Idaeovirus and naturally infects Rubus species worldwide. It can be experimentally transmitted to many dicotyledonous plant species from different families. In Slovenia it has been reported to naturally infect grapevine, the first known non-Rubus natural host (3). However, RBDV from red raspberry and grapevine were found to be different in biological, serological, and molecular characteristics (4). From 2007 to 2010, grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyards were sampled in different parts of Hungary and tested for RBDV infection by double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using commercial reagents (Bioreba, Reinach, Switzerland). Overall, 181 samples were collected from 10 vineyards around Csörnyeföld, Badacsony, Eger, Tolcsva (Orémus), and Nagyréde. Samples were taken randomly unless plants showing virus-like symptoms were present, which were preferentially included in the survey. Two samples collected in 2010, each consisting of five leaves from five individual plants, tested positive by DAS-ELISA. They originated from a small private vineyard of Italian Riesling, Pinot Gris, and Rhein Riesling in the southwestern part of Hungary near Csörnyeföld where 29 samples were collected. All leaves were asymptomatic. Total RNA was extracted from positive samples using a RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). cDNA was synthesized using primer RNA12 as described (4) and further amplified by PCR using primers RBDVUP1/RBDVLO4 that amplified an 872-bp fragment of RBDV coat protein and 3′ non-translated region (2). Amplification products from both samples were directly sequenced (Macrogen, Seoul, Korea). The sequences showed 98.6% identity between each other and were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. JQ928628 and JQ928629). Sequences were also compared with RBDV sequences deposited in GenBank. They showed 97.7 to 99.3% identity with RBDV sequences from grapevine from Slovenia and 94.2 to 96.1% with RBDV sequences from Rubus sp. Natural infection of grapevine with RBDV was first reported from Slovenia in 2003 (3) and was recently reported also from Serbia (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of RBDV infection of grapevine in Hungary and suggests a wider presence of the virus in the region. References: (1) D. Jevremovic and S. Paunovic. Pestic. Phytomed. (Belgrade) 26:55, 2011. (2) H. I. Kokko et al. BioTechniques 20:842, 1996. (3) I. Mavric Pleško et al. Plant Dis. 87:1148, 2003. (4) I. Mavric Pleško et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 123:261, 2009.

scholarly journals TaqMan Multiplex Real-Time qPCR assays for the detection and quantification of Barley yellow dwarf virus, Wheat dwarf virus and Wheat streak mosaic virus and the study of their interactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Jarošová ◽  
Jan Ripl ◽  
Jan Fousek ◽  
Jiban Kumar Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Moist Sand ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Myceliogenic Germination

The phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum forms dormant structures (termed sclerotia) that germinate myceliogenically under certain environmental conditions. During myceliogenic germination, sclerotia produce hyphae, which can infect leaves or stems of host plants directly from the ground; this is termed basal infection. This study determined which abiotic conditions were most important for promoting myceliogenic germination of sclerotia in vitro. A high sclerotium hydration level and low incubation temperature (15°C) improved mycelial growth in the presence of a nutrient source. Sclerotia incubated without a nutrient source on moist sand, vigorously myceliogenically germinated most frequently (63%) when they had been previously imbibed and then conditioned at −20°C. By far the most consistent amount of vigorous myceliogenic germination (>75%) was produced when sclerotia were heat-dried before being submerged in water. The hyphae of these sclerotia were shown to infect and proliferate on leaves of intact Brassica napus plants. This research provides a better understanding of the abiotic conditions that are likely to increase the risk of basal infection by S. sclerotiorum.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document