scholarly journals A Tale of Two Dams: The Impact of Reservoir Management on Rural Depopulation in Central Spain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Larraz ◽  
Enrique San-Martin
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Reservoir Management ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Rural Depopulation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn rural areas, depopulation is mainly due to a lack of economic and employment opportunities. In this context, the reservoirs already built can be a source of socioeconomic development based on tourism and outdoor leisure activities. The condition for this development to materialize is that reservoir management considers these activities. In Central Spain, a process of rural depopulation has been generated in the municipalities around the reservoirs at the Upper Tagus River, as water management allows water transfers from the Tagus to the Segura River without taking into account regulations that prioritize and protect donor basin users. Through the comparison of reservoir water management and demographic data of two rural areas close to the reservoirs, this article reveals the direct relationship between reservoir management that enables recreational uses with its consequent socioeconomic development and the maintenance of the population in the territory. Consequently, reservoir water management based on the socioeconomic development of reservoir banks is necessary and a priority over transfers to another basin.

scholarly journals Identifying and describing a model region to evaluate the impact of telemedicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Harst ◽  
S Oswald ◽  
P Timpel
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Model Region ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Telemedicine solutions providing patient-centered care over distance need to be integrated into the regional setting. The acceptance by both providers and patients hat to be continuously evaluated using methods of participatory implementation research. In controlled trials, often taking place in laboratory settings, these methods cannot be applied. In the following, research in progress is presented. Methods Based on socio-demographic data, epidemiology prevalence of age-related chronic diseases and data on the value of health care provision in Saxony, Germany a model region was chosen. Then, a focus group (n = 6) was conducted to differentiate the results and analyze the health networks of patients. For this, network maps putting the individual in the middle and his/her sources of information and support in case of illness in concentric circles around it, were used. The focus group was audiotaped, transcribed and analyzed by two researchers using MaxQDA. Results With a mean age of 47.8 years (n = 17,431), high prevalence of diabetes (>15.85 %) and hypertension (>39.1%) and an expected shortage of primary physicians in 2030, the town of Kamenz is a mirror image of the current health care challenges in rural areas of Saxony. Participants of the focus groups also stated problems in finding a primary physician or a dentist. Compensatory behavior, such as traveling large distances, relying on self-researched online diagnoses and immediately going to the emergency room for medical support was described. According to the network maps, primary sources of support in case of illness are partners and relatives, yet there is little connection between those and health care providers, as well as between different medical specialists. Conclusions The results will lead to potential use cases of telemedicine to be included into a standardized questionnaire for the assessment of telemedicine readiness in the model region. Key messages Telemedicine implementation in a rural area can be studied using a participatory approach. Focus groups and network maps are useful qualitative methods for participatory research and can inform the design of quantitative measurements.

Patient Perceptions of Benefits and Concerns Following Pancreas Transplantation

1994 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy L. Zehrer ◽  
Cynthia R. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Pancreas Transplantation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Graft Function ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Patient Perceptions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study was to assess patient perceptions of the impact of pancreas transplantation on various aspects of life, as well as perceptions of the benefits of and concerns with the procedure. All surviving adult patients who had received a pancreas transplant at a midwestern hospital and were at least 1 year posttransplant at the time of the study (N=138) were sent a self-report questionnaire that included demographic data, questions about life satisfaction, quality of life, symptoms, and health impact. Patients with pancreas graft function reported less pain with healthcare treatment, fewer episodes of feeling physically ill, fewer dietary restrictions, less interference with family life, fewer health limitations in interpersonal relationships and leisure activities, and feeling good about themselves compared with those without graft function. A majority of patients with functioning grafts cited the following benefits: freedom from insulin reactions, normal blood sugars, freedom from insulin injections, freedom from a specialized diet, decreased chance of amputation, feeling better physically, more feelings of hope for the future, and more freedom and control over life. Major concerns posttransplant included side effects and the expense of immunosuppressive medications.

scholarly journals INDIA'S PRAGMATIC VACCINATION STRATEGY AGAINST COVID-19: A MATHEMATICAL MODELLING BASED ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip Mandal ◽  
Nimalan Arinaminpathy ◽  
Balram Bhargava ◽  
Samiran Panda
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Domain Model ◽  
Vaccine Strategy ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Objectives To investigate the impact of targeted vaccination strategies on morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19, as well as on the incidence of SARS-CoV-2, in India. Design Mathematical modelling. Settings Indian epidemic of COVID-19 and vulnerable population. Data sources Country specific and age-segregated pattern of social contact, case fatality rate and demographic data obtained from peer-reviewed literature and public domain. Model An age-structured dynamical model describing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in India incorporating uncertainty in natural history parameters was constructed. Interventions Comparison of different vaccine strategies by targeting priority groups such as key workers including health care professionals, individuals with comorbidities (24 - 60 year), and all above 60. Main outcome measures Incidence reduction and averted deaths in different scenarios, assuming that the current restrictions are fully lifted as vaccination is implemented. Results The priority groups together account for about 18% of India's population. An infection preventing vaccine with 60% efficacy covering all these groups would reduce peak symptomatic incidence by 20.6% (95% uncertainty intervals (CrI) 16.7 - 25.4), and cumulative mortality by 29.7% (95% CrI 25.8- 33.8). A similar vaccine with ability to prevent symptoms (but not infection) will reduce peak incidence of symptomatic cases by 10.4% (95% CrI 8.4 - 13.0), and cumulative mortality by 32.9% (95% CrI 28.6 - 37.3). In the event of insufficient vaccine supply to cover all priority groups, model projections suggest that after keyworkers, vaccine strategy should prioritise all who are > 60, and subsequently individuals with comorbidities. In settings with weakest transmission, such as sparsely-populated rural areas, those with comorbidities should be prioritised after keyworkers. Conclusions An appropriately targeted vaccination strategy would witness substantial mitigation of impact of COVID-19 in a country like India with wide heterogenity. 'Smart vaccination', based on public health considerations, rather than mass vaccination, appears prudent.

scholarly journals The impact of droughts and water management on various hydrological systems in the headwaters of the Tagus River (central Spain)

2010 ◽  
Vol 386 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lorenzo-Lacruz ◽  
S.M. Vicente-Serrano ◽  
J.I. López-Moreno ◽  
S. Beguería ◽  
J.M. García-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Tagus River ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Dynamiques spatiales et mobilités à Akonolinga (Cameroun)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (28) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Mediebou Chindji ◽  
Otsomotsi Mbida Alain Martin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
The Impact

La ville d’Akonolinga, comme presque toutes les villes camerounaises, est le théâtre des dynamiques spatiales ces trente dernières années. Les conditions et le cadre de vie de cette petite ville ainsi que les activités économiques se sont considérablement dégradées. Ce constat semble être relayé par les déclarations des personnes ayant vécues à Akonolinga dans les années 1990 qui se désolent de la situation peu reluisante de cette ville jadis prospère et vivante. La présence des migrants constitue une donnée fondamentale dans l’analyse de cette situation. Ceuxci proviennent non seulement des campagnes environnantes, mais aussi de la quasi-totalité des régions administratives du Cameroun. Ces arrivées croissantes et continues ont des conséquences socio-économiques et environnementales. L’objectif de ce travail est de mettre en évidence l’impact de l’immigration sur la dynamique spatiale et l’accroissement de la pauvreté à Akonolinga. La méthodologie est centrée autour des enquêtes socio-économiques auprès de 342 ménages ; des interviews, des observations de terrain et la consultation de la littérature liée au thème en question. Les résultats montrent que les quartiers périphériques ont bénéficié de l’apport démographique des immigrants installés dans les quartiers centraux et péricentraux à leur arrivée. Ces migrants investissent dans les activités économiques des services et participent de fait à la création des richesses à Akonolinga. De nombreuses mesures ont été mises en œuvre pour limiter les déplacements des populations des zones rurales vers les zones urbaines. Ces mesures ont eu des résultats mitigés justifiant ainsi leur évaluation en vue de définir des politiques et programmes plus adaptés et à même de promouvoir un développement socioéconomique équilibré entre les villes et les campagnes.   During the last thirty years, socio-spatial dynamics have been observed in the urban space of Akonolinga. The conditions and living environment of this small town and its economic activities have deteriorated considerably. This observation seems to be relayed by the statements of people who lived in Akonolinga in the 1990s who are sorry for the poor condition of this once prosperous and lively city. Indeed, despite this situation, this city continued to welcome migrants. These come not only from the surrounding countryside, but also from almost all the administrative regions of Cameroon. These growing and continuous arrivals have multifarious consequences. The purpose of this work is to highlight the impact of immigration on spatial dynamics and increasing poverty in Akonolinga. The hypothetico-deductive method was mobilized and survey and census data were used for spatial and statistical analyzes. The results show that the outlying districts benefited from the demographic contribution of the immigrants settled in the central and pericentral districts on their arrival. Many measures have been implemented to limit the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas. These measures have had mixed results, justifying their evaluation with a view to defining more appropriate policies and programs that can promote balanced socioeconomic development between cities and the countryside.

scholarly journals Mobile Phone in the Lives of Young People of Rural Mountainous Areas of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Sabit Rahim ◽  
Gul Sahar ◽  
Gul Jabeen ◽  
Akber Aman Shah ◽  
Musrat Jahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Mobile Phone Usage ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan ◽  
The Impact

This research aims to investigate the impact of mobile phones in the lives of youths of mountainous rural areas of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB). A total of 272 (133 male and 139 female) respondents of ages between 16 and 25 years participated in this study. To analyze the demographic data such as age, gender, district, the descriptive statistics (mean, SD and percentage) and inferential statistics such as independent sample t-test were used. The regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between independent and dependent variables such as mobile phone features (M = 3.66, SD = 1.15); a mobile phone as a tool for socio-economic impact (M = 3.80, SD = 1.20); as a fashion symbol (M = 1.29, SD = 0.11) and a tool for safety (M = 3.91, SD = 1.06). The findings show that 97% (M = 1.026 SD = 0.159) of youths from GB own a mobile phone (47% male and 48% female). The findings also verify that a mobile phone is beneficial to its users in the fields of economic, education, safety, and security. However, using a mobile phone as status symbol could have a negative impact on the lives of youths. This study recommends that the government should develop effective and efficient policy for mobile phone usage and users should also be aware of the blessings and risks associated with using a mobile phone in their lives.

Air pollution and social deprivation as the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Poznanska ◽  
W Seroka ◽  
J Stokwiszewski ◽  
B Wojtyniak
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Deprivation Index ◽  
Pm 10 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deprived Areas

Abstract Background The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (I00-I99; ICD-10) is known to be higher in deprived and polluted areas. This Polish district-level study focuses on a possible synergistic effect of deprivation and PM-10 concentration on mortality and hospitalised morbidity due to I00-I99 in 2015-2017. Methods This study concerns all 141 districts where PM-10 has been monitored by the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection. The Generalized Linear Model method was used to assess the contribution of PM-10 concentration, the deprivation index (DI, a published synthetic measure of district's social status), the percentage of urban dwellers in the district, and their interactions with PM-10 to age-standardised mortality and hospitalisation rates. Demographic data come from Statistics Poland, and the hospitalisation ones from NIPH-NIH. The analysis was conducted for males, females, their 65+ aged subcohorts, and general population. Results For all cohorts, PM-10 pollution significantly contributes to the increase in both hospitalisation and mortality rates (e.g. for males 7% [95%CI: 2-12%] and 12% [3-21%] per 10μg/m3, respectively). The deprivation impact is also significant (e.g. for males p = 0.004 and 0.006), the DI standardised regression coefficients exceed 2-3-fold these of PM-10. The PM-10 effect was found stronger in rural areas than in the urban ones. In the case of hospitalisation, no synergy was found between PM-10 and DI, while negative synergy effect was observed for mortality (e.g. p = 0.030 for males, 0.011 for males aged 65+). Conclusions Both deprivation and PM-10 concentration increase hospitalised morbidity and mortality due to I00-I99, however, only for hospitalisation is the effect additive. Unexpectedly, the impact of air pollution on mortality is lower in deprived areas. This effect is even stronger for older population. Key messages The impact of social status on mortality and hospitalised morbidity due to cardiovascular diseases in Poland exceeds that of the environmental factor (PM-10 concentration). The negative synergic effect of deprivation index and PM-10 concentration on mortality was identified - the impact of air pollution is lower in deprived areas.

Assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax spending towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of advanced development territory

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Mikhailovna Popova ◽  
Guzel Mukhtarovna Guseinova ◽  
Sergei Borisovich Milov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Advanced Development

The deficit of subnational budgets and deceleration capital investments in multiple Russian regions increase the relevance of research aimed at improvement of tax incentivizing practice of the regional investment process. The studies focused on determination of the impact of socioeconomic and institutional factors upon the efficiency of investment tax expenses obtained wide circulation within the foreign scientific literature. The subject of this article is the assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax expanses towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of territories of advanced socioeconomic development, created in the subjects of Far Easter Federal District. The scientific novelty and practical values of this research consists in substantiation of the reasonableness of assessment of investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity that are stimulated by tax incentives. Methodology for assessing investment attractiveness is proposed and tested. The conclusion is made that in case of low investment attractiveness of the type of economic activity, which was planned to support by tax incentives, it is required to conduct and additional analysis to avoid unjustified tax expanses.

A PROPOSED EVALUATION PLAN TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF A YOUTH DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FACILITATED BY THE STATE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AGENCY (SITA) IN RURAL SOUTH AFRICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Maura Mbunyuza-deHeer Menlah
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
State Information ◽  
Evaluation Plan ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
The Impact

This article reports on a proposed evaluation plan that has been developed to assess the work done by the State Information Technology Agency (SITA). The SITA programme was implemented in response to the South African government’s call to improve the lives of the populations in some rural areas through technology. The programme was meant to address slow development in  rural  areas  that  lack  technological  innovations  and  advances.  In  the proposed evaluation plan a review is made of secondary data, deciding how strategic priorities are to be determined, as well as analysis of the rural context environment. The researcher gives an account of how the evaluation strategies are to be piloted and rolled out thereafter. Lessons learnt are recorded and reported upon. A proposed evaluation plan will be developed, based on the lessons learnt in line with the objectives of the project.

Status, Impact, and Factor Determining Rural Non-farm Economy of India: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-76
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Farm Sector ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Review Study ◽  
The Impact

The rural non-farm sector (RNFS) involves a spectrum of economic activity in rural areas and encompasses all rural productive entities other than farm holdings. It has the potential to play a pivotal role in holistic and inclusive development of India’s rural areas by increasing the employment and wages of rural labour, which can reduce income inequalities. The review was carried out in order to explain the present status of RNFE state wise as well as overall to get a comprehensive view on the topic. The review study also focuses to disaggregate RNFE on the basis of gender, size of landholding and castes. Literature depicting the impact of RNFE on rural livelihoods especially in employment and poverty and factors determining it also been compiled to get an overall idea on the study.

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