scholarly journals The Role of Compost in Stabilizing the Microbiological and Biochemical Properties of Zinc-Stressed Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 228 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Strachel ◽  
Jadwiga Wyszkowska ◽  
Małgorzata Baćmaga
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Properties

scholarly journals Fructose and Mannose in Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Cancer

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Lieu ◽  
Neil Kelekar ◽  
Pratibha Bhalla ◽  
Jiyeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Mannose Metabolism

History suggests that tasteful properties of sugar have been domesticated as far back as 8000 BCE. With origins in New Guinea, the cultivation of sugar quickly spread over centuries of conquest and trade. The product, which quickly integrated into common foods and onto kitchen tables, is sucrose, which is made up of glucose and fructose dimers. While sugar is commonly associated with flavor, there is a myriad of biochemical properties that explain how sugars as biological molecules function in physiological contexts. Substantial research and reviews have been done on the role of glucose in disease. This review aims to describe the role of its isomers, fructose and mannose, in the context of inborn errors of metabolism and other metabolic diseases, such as cancer. While structurally similar, fructose and mannose give rise to very differing biochemical properties and understanding these differences will guide the development of more effective therapies for metabolic disease. We will discuss pathophysiology linked to perturbations in fructose and mannose metabolism, diagnostic tools, and treatment options of the diseases.

scholarly journals Biochemical Properties and Urease, α-amylase Inhibitory Effects of Ocimum basilicum L. (Reyhan)

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülsen Kaya ◽  
Merve Keskin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
One Year

With the understanding of the role of antioxidants in preventing degenerative and age-related diseases caused by oxidative stress, and taking into account the multitude of pharmacological applications such as antidiabetic, antifungal, cardioprotection, immunostimulant, interest in plants rich in this respect has increased. Ocimum basilicum L. (purple) is a one-year, fragrant spice herb with its own aroma. In this study, chemical characterization of Ocimum basilicum L. plant was performed and inhibition effects on urease and a-amylase were investigated. Total phenolic content of Ocimum basilicum L. leafs ethanolic and water extracts were 320.08±2.03, 388.15±1.05 mg GAE/100g; total flavonoids were 282.57±1.12, 307.75±0.89 mg QE/100g; antioxidant capacity of samples were 0.46±0.01 and 0.52±0.02  mM Fe+2/mg extract, 0.46±0.01; IC50 values of urease were 18.77±0.22, 20.19±0.15  % and IC50 values of α-amylase were 0.47±0.01, 0.42±0.01 µg/mL, respectively. It is determined that ethanolic extract of leaves is rich in linalool, linolenin, phytol and α-humulene. The datas show that the leaves of the plant may be effective on two important diseases such as Diabetus mellitus and H. pylori.

scholarly journals Structural Determinants Responsible for the Preferential Insertion of Ribonucleotides by Bacterial NHEJ PolDom

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Alejandro Sánchez-Salvador ◽  
Miguel de Vega
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Nonhomologous End Joining ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
End Joining ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Intracellular Pool ◽  
Catalytic Active Site

The catalytic active site of the Polymerization Domain (PolDom) of bacterial Ligase D is designed to promote realignments of the primer and template strands and extend mispaired 3′ ends. These features, together with the preferred use of ribonucleotides (NTPs) over deoxynucleotides (dNTPs), allow PolDom to perform efficient double strand break repair by nonhomologous end joining when only a copy of the chromosome is present and the intracellular pool of dNTPs is depleted. Here, we evaluate (i) the role of conserved histidine and serine/threonine residues in NTP insertion, and (ii) the importance in the polymerization reaction of a conserved lysine residue that interacts with the templating nucleotide. To that extent, we have analyzed the biochemical properties of variants at the corresponding His651, Ser768, and Lys606 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PolDom (Pa-PolDom). The results show that preferential insertion of NMPs is principally due to the histidine that also contributes to the plasticity of the active site to misinsert nucleotides. Additionally, Pa-PolDom Lys606 stabilizes primer dislocations. Finally, we show that the active site of PolDom allows the efficient use of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-riboguanosine triphosphate (8oxoGTP) as substrate, a major nucleotide lesion that results from oxidative stress, inserting with the same efficiency both the anti and syn conformations of 8oxoGMP.

The harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus (Erxleben, 1777). VII. A histophysiological study of certain skeletal muscles

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. George ◽  
N. V. Vallyathan ◽  
K. Ronald
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Harp Seal ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Pagophilus Groenlandicus

A quantitative and histochemical study of Ms. pectoralis, gluteus, psoas, diaphragma (dorsal, lateral, and ventral parts separately) of the harp seal was carried out. Myoglobin and iron contents of all the muscles were high, highest being of M. psoas. Fat and glycogen were low in all muscles. The low glycogen value was possibly due to rapid glycolysis during struggle in capture and while the animal was under an overdose of sodium pentobarbital that was administered for killing it. Phosphorylase and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity levels were also low. Lipase (tributyrinase) activity was high, that of M. diaphragma being higher than the other muscles studied. The histochemical investigation revealed some of the morphological and biochemical properties of the component fibers. Two types of fiber, the red (type 1) and white (type 2), comparable to those of other skeletal muscles were distinguished in all muscles except in the case of M. pectoralis where an intermediate type was also seen in sections treated for the histochemical demonstration of SDH activity.The low levels of fat and SDH in the muscles indicate that fat is not a favored metabolite for muscular energy. The significance of the high lipase (tributyrinase) activity is doubtful. It is suggested that the role of this enzyme is to clear the fat so as to prevent the accumulation of fat in the muscles which are, by and large, geared for a glycolytic metabolism as an adaptation for the animal's diving habit. The high myoglobin content of the muscles, however, should provide the oxygen necessary for the oxidation of glucose during the initial part of the dive.

scholarly journals Transformation and pp60v-src autophosphorylation correlate with SHC-GRB2 complex formation in rat and chicken cells expressing host-range and kinase-active, transformation-defective alleles of v-src.

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 953-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
M F Verderame ◽  
J L Guan ◽  
K M Woods Ignatoski
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Anchorage Independent Growth ◽  
Parental Allele ◽  
Morphological Phenotype ◽  
In Cells

The biochemical properties of several pp60v-src substrates believed to participate in src-mediated transformation were examined in cells expressing a kinase-active, transformation-defective v-src allele (v-src-F172 delta/Y416F) and its parental allele, v-src-F172 delta, a host-range--dependent allele that transforms chicken cells to a fusiform morphology, but does not transform rat cells. Because pp60v-src-F172 delta is dependent on autophosphorylation for transforming ability, these alleles provide a unique opportunity to examine the role of pp60v-src autophosphorylation in regulating substrate interactions. Increased pp125FAK tyrosine phosphorylation and high levels of pp60v-src-associated phosphotidylinositol-3' kinase activity were detected specifically in chicken cells exhibiting round, refractile transformation but not in cells transformed to a fusiform morphology. Increased pp125FAK kinase activity, but not increased pp125FAK tyrosine-phosphorylation correlated with pp60v-src autophosphorylation and increased anchorage-independent growth. Thus, pp125FAK and PI3'K may participate in morphological transformation by v-src. Furthermore, association of phosphorylated SHC with the adapter GRB2 correlated with increased anchorage-independent growth (and autophosphorylation) in both rat and chicken cells independent of the morphological phenotype induced. Therefore, host-range dependence for transformation may be regulated through association of SHC with GRB2, thus implicating SHC as a crucial substrate for src-dependent transformation.

The targeting of the plasma membrane calcium pump in the cell

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Guerini ◽  
Ernesto Carafoli
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Calcium Pump ◽  
Membrane Targeting ◽  
Cellular Distribution ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Plasma Membrane Calcium Pump ◽  
P Type

The information on the structural determinants that control the cellular distribution of P-type pumps is very scarce. However, recent experiments on the membrane targeting of the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump (PMCA) have provided interesting leads on the problem: they will be discussed in this succinct review. A general introduction on the biochemical properties of the PMCA pump will preface the discussion of the specific findings on the role of three distinct regions of the molecule in the targeting process.

Biochemical properties of the kinase PINK1 as sensor protein for mitochondrial damage signalling

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Rüb ◽  
Nadja Schröder ◽  
Wolfgang Voos
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Mitochondrial Damage ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Autophagic Process ◽  
Phosphatase And Tensin Homologue

Defects of mitochondrial functions have been implicated in many different human diseases, in particular neurodegenerative diseases. The kinase PINK1 [phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)-induced kinase 1] has been identified as a crucial player in a specific damage signalling pathway, eliminating defective mitochondria by an autophagic process. Mutations in PINK1 have been shown to cause familial cases of Parkinson's disease. In this review, we summarize the biochemical mechanisms that underlie the association of PINK1 with mitochondria under normal and pathological conditions. This unconventional mitochondrial localization pathway is discussed in the context of the role of PINK1 as a sensor of mitochondrial damage and a causative factor in Parkinson's disease.

scholarly journals Proteolytic processing of a protein involved in sperm-egg fusion correlates with acquisition of fertilization competence.

1990 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
C P Blobel ◽  
D G Myles ◽  
P Primakoff ◽  
J M White
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Proteolytic Processing ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Membrane Glycoprotein ◽  
Processing Step

A protein located on the surface of guinea pig sperm (PH-30) has been implicated in the process of sperm-egg fusion (Primakoff, P., H. Hyatt, and J. Tredick-Kline. 1987. J. Cell Biol. 104:141-149). In this paper we have assessed basic biochemical properties of PH-30 and have analyzed the molecular forms of PH-30 present at different stages of sperm maturation. We show the following: (a) PH-30 is an integral membrane glycoprotein; (b) it is composed of two tightly associated and immunologically distinct subunits; (c) both subunits are made as larger precursors; (d) processing of the two subunits occurs at different developmental stages; (e) the final processing step occurs in the region of the epididymis where sperm become fertilization competent; (f) processing can be mimicked in vitro; (g) processing exposes at least two new epitopes on PH-30-one of the newly exposed epitopes is recognized by a fusion-inhibitory monoclonal antibody. These results are discussed in terms of the possible role of PH-30 in mediating fusion with the egg plasma membrane.

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