scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2: low virus load on surfaces in public areas

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Zedtwitz-Liebenstein
Keyword(s):  
Virus Load ◽  
Public Areas

Architecture of the Official Spaces of Selected Residences in Nea Paphos, Cyprus

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Brzozowska-Jawornicka
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Special Arrangement

This paper deals with public areas in ancient residences. These zones, emphasising the social status of the owners of the houses, are analysed in several large residences erected in the Graeco-Roman Period in Nea Paphos, Cyprus: the ‘Hellenistic’ House, the Villa of Theseus, and the House of Aion. Particularly, the special arrangement of the layout and the architectural decoration of three major public zones were studied: the entrance, the main courtyard, and the main room.

Public outreach workshop on noise in communities and public areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Darlene E. Kilpatrick ◽  
Lawrence S. Finegold ◽  
David Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Public Outreach ◽  
Public Areas

IS Corona virus (COVID-19) droplets or airborne? Perspectives (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilahun Beyene Sr
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Prevention Strategy ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

UNSTRUCTURED Abstract This scientific perspective of mode of transmission of COVID-19 is to aid scientific community in generating hypothesis. The inadequate evidence on SARS-COV-2 transmission has hindered development of effective prevention strategy and resulted in continues pandemic of the COVID-19. Therefore, in this perspective existing evidences are discussed, hypothesis are generated regarding COVID-19 mode of transmission and recommendations are forwarded based on existing body of knowledge. Two meter (2m) physical distance is not completely safe even for large droplets and wearing face mask is a key in prevention of SARS-COV-2 in public areas and confined space.

The performance of a new point-of-care HIV virus load technology to identify patients failing antiretroviral treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 104212
Author(s):  
Diana Mariani ◽  
Marcelo C.V.M. de Azevedo ◽  
Isabelle Vasconcellos ◽  
Luiz Ribeiro ◽  
Cassia Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Virus Load ◽  
Hiv Virus

scholarly journals Effect of cat litters on feline coronavirus infection of cell culture and cats

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Addie ◽  
Lene Houe ◽  
Kirsty Maitland ◽  
Giuseppe Passantino ◽  
Nicola Decaro
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Real Life ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Virus Load ◽  
Fuller’S Earth ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

Objectives Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is caused by infection with feline coronavirus (FCoV). FCoV is incredibly contagious and transmission is via the faecal–oral route. FCoV infection, and therefore FIP, is most common in breeder and rescue catteries, where many cats are kept indoors, using litter trays. Whether it is possible to break the cycle of FCoV infection and reinfection using cat litters has never been investigated. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of cat litters on FCoV infectivity and virus load in multi-cat households, and transmission frequency. Methods Fifteen cat litters were mixed and incubated with FCoV, centrifuged and the supernatants tested in vitro for the ability to prevent virus infection of cell culture. To test applicability of in vitro results to real life, virus load was measured in two households in a double crossover study of four Fuller’s earth-based cat litters by testing rectal swabs using FCoV reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR. Results Four litters abrogated FCoV infection of cell culture, nine reduced it to a greater or lesser extent and two had no effect. One brand had different virus inhibitory properties depending on where it was manufactured. Fuller’s earth-based litters performed best, presumably by adsorbing virus. In the field study, there appeared to be less virus shedding on one Fuller’s earth-based cat litter. Conclusions and relevance The in vitro study successfully identified cat litters that inactivate FCoV; such litters exist so do not need to be developed. Fuller’s earth-based litters best prevented infection of cell culture, but did not completely abrogate FCoV transmission in two multi-cat households. A dust-free clumping Fuller’s earth litter appeared to fare best, but virus shedding also varied on the control litters, complicating interpretation. Sawdust-based cat litters are not useful in FCoV-endemic households because they track badly and have a poor effect on virus infection.

scholarly journals Sooty bark disease of maples: the risk for hypersensitivity pneumonitis by fungal spores not only for woodman

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Braun ◽  
Doris Klingelhöfer ◽  
David A. Groneberg
Keyword(s):  
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Occupational Physicians ◽  
Mould Fungus ◽  
Public Areas

AbstractIn the middle of the twentieth century, the from North America sooty bark disease (SBD) of maples was first discovered in England and has spread in the last decades in Central Europe, in particular. The trigger of SBD is the mould fungus Cryptostroma (C.) corticale. The most common infested maple is the sycamore, Acer pseudoplatanus, a common tree in woods and parks. The disease is characterised by peeling of the outer layer of the bark and brownish-black spores under the peeled off bark. These spores can cause maple bark disease (MBD) in humans, a hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) with similar symptoms like COPD, allergic asthma, influenza or flu-like infections and interstitial pneumonia. Persons who have intensive respectively occupational contact with infested trees or wood, e.g., woodman, foresters, sawyers or paper mill workers, are at risk in particular. Since C. corticale favours hot summers and host trees weakened by drought, SBD will increasingly spread in the future due to ongoing climate change. Consequently, the risk of developing MBD will increase, too. As with all HPs, e.g., farmer’s lung and pigeon breeder’s disease, the diagnosis of MBD is intricate because it has no clear distinguishing characteristics compared to other interstitial lung diseases. Therefore, the establishment of consistent diagnosis guidelines is required. For correct diagnosis and successful therapy, multidisciplinary expertise including pulmonologists, radiologists, pathologists and occupational physicians is recommended. If MBD is diagnosed in time, the removal of the triggering fungus or the infested maple wood leads to complete recovery in most cases. Chronic HP can lead to lung fibrosis and a total loss of lung function culminating in death. HP and, thus, MBD, is a disease with a very high occupational amount. To avoid contact with spores of C. corticale, persons working on infested wood or trees have to wear personal protective equipment. To protect the public, areas with infested maples have to be cordoned off, and the trees should be removed. This is also for impeding further spreading of the spores.

Measuring Hohokam Household Inequality with Construction Costs of Domestic Architecture at Pueblo Grande

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
David R. Abbott ◽  
Douglas B. Craig ◽  
Hannah Zanotto ◽  
Veronica X. Judd ◽  
Brent Kober
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Domestic Architecture ◽  
High Status ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Household Inequality ◽  
Over Time

Recent archaeological efforts to explain the emergence and persistence of social inequality have been hampered by little information about how wealth was transmitted across generations, and how it may have accumulated or diminished over time. Building on studies that have shown domestic architecture to be an excellent material expression of household wealth, we provide a method for reconstructing the amount of labor invested in house construction among the Hohokam of southern Arizona. We also account for different architectural styles from different time periods. To illustrate the utility of the method for addressing broader social issues, we investigate the relationship among population increases, resource shortages, and wealth differentials at Pueblo Grande—one of the preeminent settlements in the Hohokam region. Inequality at Pueblo Grande was tracked over time and compared to similar results at the Grewe site. High-status households at both sites were distinguished architecturally by larger and, in some instances, more elaborate houses. The proximity of these households to public areas for ceremonial expression further suggests that access to ritual played a key role in creating and maintaining inequality in Hohokam society.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document