IS Corona virus (COVID-19) droplets or airborne? Perspectives (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilahun Beyene Sr
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Prevention Strategy ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

UNSTRUCTURED Abstract This scientific perspective of mode of transmission of COVID-19 is to aid scientific community in generating hypothesis. The inadequate evidence on SARS-COV-2 transmission has hindered development of effective prevention strategy and resulted in continues pandemic of the COVID-19. Therefore, in this perspective existing evidences are discussed, hypothesis are generated regarding COVID-19 mode of transmission and recommendations are forwarded based on existing body of knowledge. Two meter (2m) physical distance is not completely safe even for large droplets and wearing face mask is a key in prevention of SARS-COV-2 in public areas and confined space.

scholarly journals Droplet and Aerosol Suspension Times in Ambient Air in Confined Spaces and Transmission of COVID-19: Influence of Environmental Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-506
Author(s):  
M. R. Islam ◽  
S. H. Naqib
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Aerosol Droplet ◽  
Exhaled Air ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

The COVID‑19 pandemic, alternatively known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an unfolding pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) across the entire globe in an unprecedented proportion. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The mode of transmission of COVID-19 is a subject of intense research. The airborne transmission is one prime possibility. Breathing and talking are natural processes which generate exhaled particles. The exhaled air is an aerosol/droplet composed of naturally produced particulates of varying size. The duration over which the aerosols/droplets are suspended in the air is an important factor. Long suspended aerosols/droplets are potential source of transmission, particularly in confined spaces. We have calculated times of suspension by considering various environmental factors, namely, the ambient temperature and relative humidity in a confined space, in this work. Both temperature and relative humidity affect the suspension time of the exhaled aerosols/droplets with varying degree. The effects of environmental factors are significant for aerosols, particularly for those with small radii. We have discussed the possible implications of our findings in this paper.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF ERGONOMIC ON WORKING FROM HOME ACTIVITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Imtihan Hanom ◽  
Rachel Aleyda Rozefy ◽  
Hilmiyani Taqiyyah Filasta
Keyword(s):  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Employee Safety ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Flexibility

Work From Home (WFH) is a system chosen by the government in 2020 due to the spread of the Corona virus, with this system it is hoped that it can maintain social distance, namely reducing people's mobility, maintaining physical distance, and reducing crowds so that it is expected to reduce the risk of corona virus transmission. and employee safety. The WFH system has high flexibility, this is to support employee balance between work and life. The work system that changed to WFH in a short period of time made workers experience stressful conditions such as feelings of anxiety or worry for a long time, especially when they lived under the same roof with many people. In carrying out WFH, workers need a comfortable place to work to help focus on work. One of the things that play a role in creating a sense of comfort when working is the application of ergonomic rules. This study looks for any variables that can affect WFH activities and which variables most affect WFH activities. The application of ergonomics, especially macro ergonomics in WFH activities, is considered appropriate to be able to solve various problems in WFH activities. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method by conducting a study through distributing questionnaires to respondents who are doing WFH. From the results of the study, it was found that the comfort of workers in carrying out WFH activities is closely related to ergonomics in a residential house. The results of this study can be used as a reference for designing a suitable workspace for WFH activities, and as a reference for further research with a similar focus of study. Keyword: Interior, Ergonomic, Working From Home

scholarly journals Smart Door / COVID-19 Face Mask Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Pavan Narayana A ◽  
◽  
Janardhan Guptha S ◽  
Deepak S ◽  
Pujith Sai P ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Young Lady ◽  
Grayscale Image ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Happy Life ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
The Face ◽  
Human Faces

January 27 2020, a day that will be remembered by the Indian people for a few decades, where a deadly virus peeped into a life of a young lady and till now it has been so threatening as it took up the life of 3.26 lakh people just in India. With the start of the virus government has made mandatory to wear masks when we go out in to crowded or public areas such as markets, malls, private gatherings and etc. So, it will be difficult for a person in the entrance to check whether everyone one are entering with a mask, in this paper we have designed a smart door face mask detection to check whether who are wearing or not wearing mask. By using different technologies such as Open CV, MTCNN, CNN, IFTTT, ThingSpeak we have designed this face mask detection. We use python to program the code. MTCNN using Viola- Jones algorithm detects the human faces present in the screen The Viola-Jones algorithm first detects the face on the grayscale image and then finds the location on the colored image. In this algorithm MTCNN first detects the face in grayscale image locates it and then finds this location on colored image. CNN for detecting masks in the human face is constructed using sample datasets and MobileNetV2 which acts as an object detector in our case the object is mask. ThingSpeak is an open-source Internet of things application used to display the information we get form the smart door. This deployed application can also detect when people are moving. So, with this face mask detection, as a part to stop the spread of the virus, we ensure that with this smart door we can prevent the virus from spreading and can regain our happy life.

scholarly journals INNV-10. SAFETY OF APIXABAN FOR VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM PREVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED GLIOBLASTOMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi132-vi132
Author(s):  
Alissa Thomas ◽  
Heather Wright ◽  
Hannah Walker ◽  
Prachi Prasad ◽  
Kelly Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Prevention Strategy ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Vte Prophylaxis ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism Prevention

Abstract Venous thromboembolism (VTE) impacts an estimated one in every three patients with malignant glioma (MG), resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Despite the high prevalence and serious consequences of VTE, there is no outpatient standard of care prevention strategy. There have been three prospective clinical trials of VTE prophylaxis in patients with newly diagnosed MG, all of which used an injectable low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) product. We performed an open-label safety study of apixaban, a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), for VTE prevention in patients with newly diagnosed MG. All patients had surgery or biopsy two to twenty-one days prior to enrollment in the study. Patients were treated with apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily for up to 6 months. Peak and trough apixaban concentrations were measured at the beginning and end of treatment. Thirteen patients consented to the study and ten enrolled (2 screen-fail, 1 withdrawal). The patients have completed a mean of 4.5 cycles of apixaban (range 2 to 6, with 2 patients still undergoing treatment). There were no bleeding events while receiving apixaban. There were no hematologic or non-hematologic treatment-related adverse events. There were no VTE events observed in patients receiving apixaban. Two patients who came off treatment early due to disease progression developed VTEs after stopping prophylactic apixaban. Quality of life analysis is ongoing. In this pilot study we found that prophylactic dosing of 2.5 mg twice daily of apixaban was safe in the post-operative period for patients with newly diagnosed MG. Our preliminary results suggest that this may be a safe and effective prevention strategy for VTE prophylaxis in this high risk group of patients.

scholarly journals Evolving Use of Natriuretic Peptides as Part of Strategies for Heart Failure Prevention

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken McDonald ◽  
Mark Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Prevention Strategy ◽  
Western World ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) remains one of the major cardiovascular challenges to the Western world. Once established, HF is characterized by compromised life expectancy and quality of life with considerable dependence on hospital care for episodic clinical deterioration. Much is understood about the risk factors that predispose to the development of HF. With such a broad range of factors, it is clear that there is a large population at risk, potentially in excess of 25% of the adult population. Therein lies the major challenge at the outset of our efforts to prevent HF. With such a large population at risk, how do we develop an effective prevention strategy? CONTENT HF prevention requires a multimodal approach. In this review, we focus primarily on the role of natriuretic peptide (NP) as a tool in a prevention strategy. SUMMARY Prevention of HF is a major public health challenge, underlined by the concerning epidemiological trends, the associated costs, and the continued difficulty to find effective therapies for the growing number of patients with preserved systolic function HF. Population-based approaches focusing on lifestyle and risk factor control have made some impact but not to a satisfactory level and also tend to result in a uniform approach across a population with different risk profiles. Individualizing risk is therefore required, with emerging data indicating that NP-guided risk stratification and intervention can reduce downstream incident HF and other cardiovascular events.

scholarly journals One pot green preparation of Seabuckthorn silver nanoparticles (SBT@AgNPs) featuring high stability and longevity, antibacterial, antioxidant potential: a nano disinfectant future perspective

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (81) ◽  
pp. 51130-51141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiyagarajan Kalaiyarasan ◽  
Vijay K. Bharti ◽  
O. P. Chaurasia
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

In recent years antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses, fungi and development of effective therapeutics is a major challenge to the scientific community.

scholarly journals Injuries in recreational curling include head injuries and may be prevented by using proper footwear

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Ting ◽  
RJ Brison
Keyword(s):  
Head Injuries ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Prevention Strategy ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Acute Injuries ◽  
Kingston General Hospital ◽  
Secondary Survey ◽  
Injury Reporting

Introduction Our study examines a recreational curling population to describe patterns of injury occurrence, estimate risk of injury and to gauge attitudes towards equipmentbased prevention strategies. Methods In a retrospective case series, we queried the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP), a national injury surveillance database, for curling injuries entered between 1993 and 2011. Kingston General Hospital and Hotel Dieu Hospital provide the two Kingston, Ontario, sites for emergency department (ED) care and participate in CHIRPP. Each retrieved entry underwent a chart review. A secondary survey was mailed to select individuals who had experienced curling injuries to solicit details on their injury and attitudes towards equipment to prevent injury. We used descriptive statistics for rates and proportions. Results Over 90% of acute curling injuries resulted from a fall, and 31.7% were head impacts. We found that acute injuries requiring ED presentation occur at a rate of approximately 0.17 per 1000 athlete-exposures (95% CI: 0.12–0.22). The secondary survey was completed by 54% of potential respondents. Of survey respondents, 41.3% attributed their fall to a lack of proper footwear and 73.5% of respondents agreed with mandatory sport-specific footwear as a prevention strategy, but only 8% agreed with mandatory helmet wear. Conclusion Although curling injuries requiring medical care are not common, head injuries make up a large proportion. Mandated use of appropriate footwear appears to be the most effective prevention strategy, as well as the measure deemed most acceptable by players.

scholarly journals Community Perception of COVID-19: A Qualitative Approach through Applying the  Health Belief Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamachu Gishe ◽  
Tamirat Hailu ◽  
Rameto Aman ◽  
Sisay Dango
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
Common People ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The Government ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Objectives: To explore community perception of COVID -19 pandemic. Methods: In depth exploratory design was utilized. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select 45 participants from all categories of population. Semi-structured interview guide and observation checklist were used to collect data from participants. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.Results: in the very beginning when few Corona Virus cases were reported, in general, people were scared to death. But as the number of infected cases reported more and more people have also became immune to the fear of corona virus. Even some section of people associated with a particular political ideology, assume that there is no corona virus at all. Hotels, cafeterias and shopping centers are not as cautious as they were in the beginning. As a result, streets are crowded and the public started living regular life. Therefore, the covid protocol like wearing face masks, using sanitizers, physical distance and all have become just a ritual. Conclusions: It is evident that most of the government workers like bank employees, traffic police and all are well aware of Covid-19 preventive methods and consequences and try their best to make the people to be part of the fight against the pandemic. But the common people from different walks of life, some with ignorance, some with innocence and some with a particular political ideology defy and violate the WHO covid-19 protocol.

scholarly journals A Research Study on Digital Transformation Inevitable In Post COVID Era - The New Normal in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Krishna Kulin Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
World Health ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Health Organization

The whole world fights against the Corona Virus Disease which is also known as “COVID-19”. This new virus is an infectious disease which spreads through the droplets from the person infected with this virus coughs or sneezes, thus a person has to protect himself by wearing face mask, wash the hands frequently and maintain social distancing to stop the spread of this newly discovered virus corona virus. The infection is continuously increasing at a very fast pace and thus different countries according to the number of cases imposed complete lockdown where only emergency services like medical, and essentials like food, vegetables and milk was made available. The disease has been declared as the Pandemic by the world health organization due to the spread of the disease in the whole world. Thus, digital transformation was inevitable to adopted by all for the continual existence and control the spread of the disease of business and academic activities. This article is a research study on digital transformation which is inevitable in post Covid era which is the new normal in India.

scholarly journals Authentic Research Investigations of a Controversial Question

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-228
Author(s):  
Jessica Shin ◽  
Étienne Serbe ◽  
Gregory J. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Ninth Grade ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Biology Students ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Creative Research ◽  
Scientific Principles

Can plants learn? This question stirs up controversy and speculation in the classroom, as it is currently doing in the scientific community at large. We leverage the controversy to ask students to contribute to the greater body of knowledge by using scientific principles in creative research projects. Ninth-grade honors biology students became familiar with original research and the surrounding controversy, and performed experiments testing two distinct forms of plant learning in Pisum sativum (pea) and Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document