scholarly journals Thyroid hormone signaling is associated with physical performance, muscle mass, and strength in a cohort of oldest-old: results from the Mugello study

GeroScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Di Iorio ◽  
Roberto Paganelli ◽  
Michele Abate ◽  
Giovanni Barassi ◽  
Alex Ireland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Muscle Aging

AbstractThyroid hormones (THs) play a crucial role in the homeostasis of muscle function, such as myogenesis and energy metabolism, suggesting that the thyroid may be also involved in the entropic processes of muscle aging. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of TH signaling on physical performance, muscle mass, and strength in a cohort of community-dwelling oldest-old subjects (> 90 years). The study population was selected in a rural area of central Italy (Mugello, Tuscany), and the design was cross-sectional. Four hundred seventy-five subjects (130 males and 345 females) were enrolled, representing about 65% of all the nonagenarians living in the Mugello area. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors (sex, age, diabetes, and levothyroxine administration), the lowest quartile of FT3/FT4 ratio distribution showed lower physical performance compared to the other quartiles (β ± SE: − 0.49 ± 0.12; p < 0.001), whereas the highest quartile of FT3/FT4 ratio was associated with higher skeletal muscle index (β ± SE: 1.11 ± 0.42; p = 0.009). In addition, the lowest quartile of FT4 showed a statistically significant higher handgrip strength (β ± SE: 1.78 ± 0.68; p = 0.009) compared to all other quartiles. This study demonstrates that nonagenarians with higher FT3/FT4 ratios had better preserved muscle function, therefore successfully overcoming the imbalance of homeostatic and entropic processes involved in muscle aging. However, we could not establish a cause-effect relationship due to the cross-sectional design of the study.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Differences in the Effect of Free Testosterone on Sarcopenia Components in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Eun Shin ◽  
Jeremy D. Walston ◽  
Miji Kim ◽  
Chang Won Won
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

ObjectiveThe association of free testosterone (FT) with sarcopenia and its components is well known in men but incompletely understood in women. We examined the association of baseline FT with the prevalence and incidence of sarcopenia and its components in community-dwelling older adults.DesignCross-sectional and longitudinal analysis from the prospective population-based Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study.MethodsA total of 1,879 community-dwelling older adults aged 70–84 years were enrolled for cross-sectional analysis and 1,583 subjects who participated in the 2-year follow-up survey were included for longitudinal analysis. Baseline FT levels was measured by radioimmunoassay. Skeletal muscle mass, handgrip strength, and physical performance tests were measured at baseline and after 2-year follow-up. Sarcopenia was defined by the diagnostic criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS).ResultsContinuous FT levels was positively associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia in men (odds ratio [OR]=0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.89–1.00)] and women (OR=0.64, 95% CI=0.42–0.99) after adjusting for multiple confounders. In prospective analysis, low FT levels was associated with a decrease in handgrip strength in women (β=-0.61; p=0.010) and a reduction in Timed “Up and Go” (TUG) test (β=0.53; p=0.008) in men after 2 years. No significant correlations were found between FT levels and the incidence of sarcopenia.ConclusionsLow levels of FT may be a significant determinant of decreases in muscle strength in women and declines in physical performance in men after 2 years. Low FT do not predict loss of muscle mass in both men and women.

scholarly journals Circulating levels of IGF1 are associated with muscle strength in middle-aged- and oldest-old women

2011 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana G Taekema ◽  
Carolina H Y Ling ◽  
Gerard Jan Blauw ◽  
Carel G Meskers ◽  
Rudi G J Westendorp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Circulating Levels

ObjectiveIn aging populations, poor handgrip strength has been associated with physical disability and mortality. IGF1 is an important mediator of muscle growth and regeneration affecting muscle function. We studied the relationship between circulating levels of IGF1, its binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and handgrip strength and physical performance in middle-aged- and oldest-old subjects.DesignCross-sectional analysis in two different cohorts composed of middle-aged- (n=672, mean 63.9±6.7 years) and oldest-old subjects (n=272, all 89 years).MethodsHandgrip strength, functional performance and ability, and serum levels of IGF1 and IGFBP3 were measured in all subjects and analyzed by linear regression for men and women separately.ResultsIGF1 and IGFBP3 levels declined with chronological age and were positively associated with handgrip strength in middle-aged- and oldest-old women (both, P<0.05), but not in men of either age group. Furthermore, higher serum levels of IGF1 were associated with slower walking speed in oldest-old men (P=0.012), and serum levels of IGFBP3 were positively associated with activities of daily living in the oldest-old women (P=0.002).ConclusionThe significant relationship between IGF1 levels and muscle strength found in women but not in men suggests a gender-specific influence of IGF1 on muscle strength. Further studies are necessary to test the relationship with physical performance.

Sarcopenia and its components in adult renal transplant recipients: prevalence and association with body adiposity

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (12) ◽  
pp. 1386-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Medeiros Menna Barreto ◽  
Maria Inês Barreto Silva ◽  
Karine Scanci da Silva Pontes ◽  
Mariana Silva da Costa ◽  
Kelli Trindade de Carvalho Rosina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
European Working

AbstractSarcopenia is a progressive and generalised skeletal muscle disorder associated with adverse outcomes. Ageing causes primary sarcopenia, while secondary causes include chronic kidney disease (CKD), long-term use of glucocorticoids and obesity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia using guidelines recommended by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP, 2010; EWGSOP2, 2018) and the Foundation of the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) and analyse the relationship between sarcopenia and body adiposity in adult renal transplant recipients (RTR). This was a cross-sectional study of adult RTR (BMI ≥ 18·5 kg/m2). Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometry. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated (eGFR) by CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration equation. The prevalence of sarcopenia in adult RTR (n 185; 57 % men, 50 (se 0·82) years and eGFR 55·80 (se 1·52) ml/min) was 7 % (FNIH), 11 % (EWGSOP2) and 17 % (EWGSOP). Low muscle mass, muscle function and physical performance affected, respectively, up to 28, 46 and 10 % of the participants. According to EWGSOP and EWGSOP2, body adiposity evaluated by anthropometry and DXA (percentage trunk fat) was lower in participants with sarcopenia. Conversely, according to the FNIH criteria, RTR with sarcopenia presented higher waist:height ratio. The present study suggests that adult RTR sarcopenia prevalence varies according to the diagnostic criteria; low muscle mass, low muscle function and low physical performance are common conditions; the association of body adiposity and sarcopenia depends on the criteria used to define this syndrome; and the FNIH criteria detected higher adiposity in individuals with sarcopenia.

Association between Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength with Physical Performance in Elderly in Surabaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Titin Kristiana ◽  
Novira Widajanti ◽  
Rwahita Satyawati
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACTBackground: Sarcopenia is a decrease in muscle mass and strength that mostly happens in the elderly. Sarcopenia is a problem that is often found in the elderly who are at risk of disability, hospitalization and death. This data on muscle mass and strength with physical performance is expected to support the theory of sarcopenia and as a reference in promoting and preventing sarcopenia in elderly.Aims: To analyze the association between muscle mass and strength (handgrip strength) with physical performance assessed using Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in an elderly community.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional observational analytic study involving 203 sample of elderly (age >60 years old). The subjects were categorized as the strong and weak muscle mass and muscle strength, also the high, moderate and low physical performance. We used Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA) and hand dynamometer to measure muscle mass and muscle strength (handgrip strength). SPPB was used to assess physical performance.The association between muscle mass and strength with physical performance was displayed in bivariate analysis with chi square.Result: Of all 203 subjects, 57 were males and 146 were females. Chi square test showed association between muscle strength (handgrip strength) with physical performance (SPPB) (p=0.001), with a weak correlation (r=0.26) and no association between muscle mass and physical performance (SPPB) (p=0.517).Conclusion: There is a positive association between muscle strength with physical performance, with a weak correlation and no association between muscle mass and physical performance in the elderly community in Surabaya.

scholarly journals Instrumented Assessment of Physical Activity Is Associated With Muscle Function but Not With Muscle Mass in a General Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1462-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna G. M. Rojer ◽  
Esmee M. Reijnierse ◽  
Marijke C. Trappenburg ◽  
Rob C. van Lummel ◽  
Martijn Niessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
General Population ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Middle Aged

Objectives: Self-reported physical activity has shown to affect muscle-related parameters. As self-report is likely biased, this study aimed to assess the association between instrumented assessment of physical activity (I-PA) and muscle-related parameters in a general population. Method: Included were 156 young-to-middle-aged and 80 older community-dwelling adults. Seven days of trunk accelerometry (DynaPort MoveMonitor, McRoberts B.V.) quantified daily physical activity (i.e., active/inactive duration, number and mean duration of active/inactive periods, and number of steps per day). Muscle-related parameters included muscle mass, handgrip strength, and gait speed. Results: I-PA was associated with handgrip strength in young-to-middle-aged adults and with gait speed in older adults. I-PA was not associated with muscle mass in either age group. Discussion: The association between I-PA and muscle-related parameters was age dependent. The lack of an association between I-PA and muscle mass indicates the relevance of muscle function rather than muscle mass.

scholarly journals Differential impact of osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity on physical performance in aging men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franca Genest ◽  
Michael Schneider ◽  
Andreas Zehnder ◽  
Dominik Lieberoth-Leden ◽  
Lothar Seefried
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
Prevalence Of Osteoporosis

Purpose: Aging and concurrent constitutional changes as sarcopenia, osteoporosis and obesity are associated with progressive functional decline. Coincidence and mutual interference of this risk factors require further evaluation. Methods: Cross-sectional evaluation of musculoskeletal health in a community-dwelling cohort of men aged 65-90 years. Objectives included descriptive analysis of age-related decline in physical performance, prevalence of osteoporosis (FRAX-Score), sarcopenia (EWGSOP criteria) and obesity (BMI>30kg/m²) and their coincidence/interference. Results: Based on 507 participants assessed, aging was associated with progressive functional deterioration, regarding power (Chair Rise Test -1.54% per year), performance (Usual Gait Speed -1.38 % per year) and muscle force (Grip Strength -1.52 % per year) while muscle mass declined only marginally (Skeletal Muscle Index -0.29% per year). Prevalence of osteoporosis was 41.8% (n=212) while only 22.9% (n=116) of the participants met the criteria for sarcopenia and 23.7% (n=120) were obese. Osteosarcopenia was found in n=79 (15.6%), sarcopenic obesity was present in 14 men (2.8%). A combination of all three conditions could be confirmed in n=8 (1.6%). There was an inverse correlation of BMI with physical performance whereas osteoporosis and sarcopenia did not interfere with functional outcomes. Conclusion: Based on current definitions there is considerable overlap in the prevalence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia, while obesity appears to be a distinct problem. Functional decline appears to be associated with obesity rather than osteoporosis or sarcopenia. It remains to be determined to what extend obesity itself causes performance deficits or if obesity is merely an indicator of insufficient activity eventually predisposing to functional decline.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults in Ireland: comparison of EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 definitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caoileann Murphy ◽  
Aoibheann McMorrow ◽  
Ellen Flanagan ◽  
Helen Cummins ◽  
Sinead McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
European Working ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractSarcopenia is a muscle disease rooted in adverse muscle changes that accrue across a lifetime. It is an independent risk factor for numerous adverse health outcomes. In 2010, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) published a definition for the identification of people with sarcopenia (EWGSOP1). In 2018, this definition was updated based on the newest evidence (EWGSOP2), with the focus now on low muscle strength rather than low muscle quantity as the key characteristic of sarcopenia. In addition, EWGSOP2 provides clear cut-off points for measurements of variables that identify sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults in Ireland for the first time and to assess agreement between the EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 definitions. In a cross-sectional analysis, 490 community-dwelling adults (age 78.4 ± 8.0 y, body mass index 27.6 ± 5.1 kg/m2) were assessed. Skeletal muscle mass was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis, muscle strength was measured via handgrip dynamometry and physical performance via the Short Physical Performance Battery. Sarcopenia was defined according to both the 2010 criteria (EWGSOP1) and the updated 2018 criteria (EWGSOP2). Using the EWGSOP1 criteria, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 7.1% (2.6% sarcopenia, 4.5% severe sarcopenia) and 3.6% were classified as pre-sarcopenic (low muscle mass without a decrement in strength or physical performance). Using the EWGSOP2 criteria, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 5.5% (1.6% sarcopenia, 3.9% severe sarcopenia) and 23.4 % were classified as having low strength but without a decrement in muscle mass. Five of the participants who were classified as sarcopenic (2 sarcopenia, 3 severe sarcopenia) by EWGSOP1 were classified as “normal” using the EWGSOP2 criteria. In conclusion, the prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults in Ireland is in line with the prevalence reported in other European countries using the EWGSOP1 criteria (3.3–11.4 %). To our knowledge this is the first study to compare the prevalence based on the EWGSOP1 and the EWGSOP2 criteria. We report a slightly lower prevalence using the EWGSOP2 definition compared to the EWGSOP1 definition. Importantly however, in contrast to EWGSOP1, the EWGSOP2 definition identified a substantial proportion of older adults with poor strength in the absence of overt sarcopenia (23.4%). These older adults represent a group who would benefit from further clinical investigation and intervention.

scholarly journals SINGLE PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE MEASURES CANNOT IDENTIFY GERIATRIC OUTPATIENTS WITH SARCOPENIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S.M.L.M. Looijaard ◽  
S.J. Oudbier ◽  
E.M. Reijnierse ◽  
G.J. Blauw ◽  
C.G.M. Meskers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Chair Stand Test

Background: Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in the older population and is associated with several adverse health outcomes. Equipment to measure muscle mass and muscle strength to diagnose sarcopenia is often unavailable in clinical practice due to the related expenses while an easy physical performance measure to identify individuals who could potentially have sarcopenia is lacking. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association between physical performance measures and definitions of sarcopenia in a clinically relevant population of geriatric outpatients. Design, setting and participants: A cross-sectional study was conducted, consisting of 140 community-dwelling older adults that were referred to a geriatric outpatient clinic. No exclusion criteria were applied. Measurements: Physical performance measures included balance tests (side-by-side, semi-tandem and tandem test with eyes open and -closed), four-meter walk test, timed up and go test, chair stand test, handgrip strength and two subjective questions on mobility. Direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure muscle mass. Five commonly used definitions of sarcopenia were applied. Diagnostic accuracy was determined by sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve.Results: Physical performance measures, i.e. side-by-side test, tandem test, chair stand test and handgrip strength, were associated with at least one definition of sarcopenia. Diagnostic accuracy of these physical performance measures was poor. Conclusions: Single physical performance measures could not identify older individuals with sarcopenia, according to five different definitions of sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Testosterone but not estradiol level is positively related to muscle strength and physical performance independent of muscle mass: a cross-sectional study in 1489 older men

2011 ◽  
Vol 164 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tung Wai Auyeung ◽  
Jenny Shun Wah Lee ◽  
Timothy Kwok ◽  
Jason Leung ◽  
Claes Ohlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Mass

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between different measures of testosterone and estradiol (E2), muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance; and to test whether the association of sex hormone level with muscle strength and physical performance was independent of muscle mass.Design and methodsA cross-sectional survey on 1489 community-dwelling men older than 64 years of age. Serum levels of testosterone and E2were measured by mass spectrometry, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were measured by immunoradioassay. Muscle mass was examined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and physical performance was assessed by hand-grip strength, gait speed, step length and chair-stand test.ResultsAppendicular skeletal mass (ASM) was positively associated with total testosterone (TT;P<0.001), free testosterone (FT;P<0.001), and total E2(P<0.001) but not with free E2(P=0.102). After adjustment for age, serum SHBG and relative ASM, both TT and FT were significantly associated with grip strength, narrow-walk speed and the composite neuromuscular score. Higher total E2, but not free E2was associated with lower grip strength (P<0.05) after adjustment for age, FT, SHBG and relative ASM.ConclusionsTestosterone level was related to both muscle mass, strength and physical performance. Total E2level, though related to muscle mass positively, affected muscle strength adversely in older men.

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