scholarly journals Differential impact of osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity on physical performance in aging men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franca Genest ◽  
Michael Schneider ◽  
Andreas Zehnder ◽  
Dominik Lieberoth-Leden ◽  
Lothar Seefried
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
Prevalence Of Osteoporosis

Purpose: Aging and concurrent constitutional changes as sarcopenia, osteoporosis and obesity are associated with progressive functional decline. Coincidence and mutual interference of this risk factors require further evaluation. Methods: Cross-sectional evaluation of musculoskeletal health in a community-dwelling cohort of men aged 65-90 years. Objectives included descriptive analysis of age-related decline in physical performance, prevalence of osteoporosis (FRAX-Score), sarcopenia (EWGSOP criteria) and obesity (BMI>30kg/m²) and their coincidence/interference. Results: Based on 507 participants assessed, aging was associated with progressive functional deterioration, regarding power (Chair Rise Test -1.54% per year), performance (Usual Gait Speed -1.38 % per year) and muscle force (Grip Strength -1.52 % per year) while muscle mass declined only marginally (Skeletal Muscle Index -0.29% per year). Prevalence of osteoporosis was 41.8% (n=212) while only 22.9% (n=116) of the participants met the criteria for sarcopenia and 23.7% (n=120) were obese. Osteosarcopenia was found in n=79 (15.6%), sarcopenic obesity was present in 14 men (2.8%). A combination of all three conditions could be confirmed in n=8 (1.6%). There was an inverse correlation of BMI with physical performance whereas osteoporosis and sarcopenia did not interfere with functional outcomes. Conclusion: Based on current definitions there is considerable overlap in the prevalence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia, while obesity appears to be a distinct problem. Functional decline appears to be associated with obesity rather than osteoporosis or sarcopenia. It remains to be determined to what extend obesity itself causes performance deficits or if obesity is merely an indicator of insufficient activity eventually predisposing to functional decline.

scholarly journals Thyroid hormone signaling is associated with physical performance, muscle mass, and strength in a cohort of oldest-old: results from the Mugello study

GeroScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Di Iorio ◽  
Roberto Paganelli ◽  
Michele Abate ◽  
Giovanni Barassi ◽  
Alex Ireland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Muscle Aging

AbstractThyroid hormones (THs) play a crucial role in the homeostasis of muscle function, such as myogenesis and energy metabolism, suggesting that the thyroid may be also involved in the entropic processes of muscle aging. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of TH signaling on physical performance, muscle mass, and strength in a cohort of community-dwelling oldest-old subjects (> 90 years). The study population was selected in a rural area of central Italy (Mugello, Tuscany), and the design was cross-sectional. Four hundred seventy-five subjects (130 males and 345 females) were enrolled, representing about 65% of all the nonagenarians living in the Mugello area. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors (sex, age, diabetes, and levothyroxine administration), the lowest quartile of FT3/FT4 ratio distribution showed lower physical performance compared to the other quartiles (β ± SE: − 0.49 ± 0.12; p < 0.001), whereas the highest quartile of FT3/FT4 ratio was associated with higher skeletal muscle index (β ± SE: 1.11 ± 0.42; p = 0.009). In addition, the lowest quartile of FT4 showed a statistically significant higher handgrip strength (β ± SE: 1.78 ± 0.68; p = 0.009) compared to all other quartiles. This study demonstrates that nonagenarians with higher FT3/FT4 ratios had better preserved muscle function, therefore successfully overcoming the imbalance of homeostatic and entropic processes involved in muscle aging. However, we could not establish a cause-effect relationship due to the cross-sectional design of the study.

scholarly journals Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis Disruptions in Older Men Are Differentially Linked to Age and Modifiable Risk Factors: The European Male Aging Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 2737-2745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick C. W. Wu ◽  
Abdelouahid Tajar ◽  
Stephen R. Pye ◽  
Alan J. Silman ◽  
Joseph D. Finn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pituitary Dysfunction ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Men

Abstract Context: The cause of declining testosterone (T) in aging men and their relationships with risk factors are unclear. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the relationships between lifestyle and health with reproductive hormones in aging men. Design: This was a baseline cross-sectional survey on 3200 community-dwelling men aged 40–79 yr from a prospective cohort study in eight European countries. Results: Four predictors were associated with distinct modes of altered function: 1) age: lower free T (FT; −3.12 pmol/liter·yr, P &lt; 0.001) with raised LH, suggesting impaired testicular function; 2) obesity: lower total T (TT; −2.32 nmol/liter) and FT (−17.60 pmol/liter) for body mass index (BMI; ≥ 25 to &lt; 30 kg/m2) and lower TT (−5.09 nmol/liter) and FT (−53.72 pmol/liter) for BMI 30 kg/m2 or greater (P &lt; 0.001–0.01, referent: BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2) with unchanged/decreased LH, indicating hypothalamus/pituitary dysfunction; 3) comorbidity: lower TT (−0.80 nmol/liter, P &lt; 0.01) with unchanged LH in younger men but higher LH in older men; and 4) smoking: higher SHBG (5.96 nmol/liter, P &lt; 0.001) and LH (0.77 U/liter, P &lt; 0.01) with increased TT (1.31 nmol/liter, P &lt; 0.001) but not FT, compatible with a resetting of T-LH-negative feedback due to elevated SHBG. Conclusions: Complex multiple alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis function exist in aging men against a background of progressive age-related testicular impairment. These changes are differentially linked to specific risk factors. Some risk factors operate independently of but others interact with age, in contributing to the T decline. These potentially modifiable risk factors suggest possible preventative measures to maintain T during aging in men.

scholarly journals Factors associated with physical, psychological and social frailty among community-dwelling older persons in Europe: a cross-sectional study of Urban Health Centres Europe (UHCE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhen Ye ◽  
Liset E. M. Elstgeest ◽  
Xuxi Zhang ◽  
Tamara Alhambra-Borrás ◽  
Siok Swan Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Background Frailty is an age-related condition resulting in a state of increased vulnerability regarding functioning across multiple systems. It is a multidimensional concept referring to physical, psychological and social domains. The purpose of this study is to identify factors (demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and health indicators) associated with overall frailty and physical, psychological and social frailty in community-dwelling older people from five European countries. Methods This cross-sectional study used baseline data from 2289 participants of the Urban Health Center European project in five European countries. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations of the factors with overall frailty and the three frailty domains. Results The mean age was 79.7 (SD = 5.7). Participants who were older, were female, had secondary or equivalent education, lived alone, not at risk of alcohol use, were less physically active, had multi-morbidity, were malnourished or with a higher level of medication risk, had higher odds of overall frailty (all P < 0.05). Age was not associated with psychological and social frailty; sex was not associated with social frailty; smoking and migration background was not associated with overall frailty or any of its domains. There existed an interaction effect between sex and household composition regarding social frailty (P < 0.0003). Conclusions The present study contributed new insights into the risk factors for frailty and its three domains (physical, psychological and social frailty). Nurses, physicians, public health professionals and policymakers should be aware of the risk factors of each type of frailty. Furthermore, examine these risk factors more comprehensively and consider overall frailty as well as its three domains in order to further contribute to decision-making more precisely on the prevention and management of frailty. Trial registration The intervention of the UHCE project was registered in the ISRCTN registry as ISRCTN52788952. The date of registration is 13/03/2017.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Clocks and Allostatic Load Reveal Potential Sex-Specific Drivers of Biological Aging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathal McCrory ◽  
Giovanni Fiorito ◽  
Sinead McLoughlin ◽  
Silvia Polidoro ◽  
Cliona Ni Cheallaigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Epigenetic Age ◽  
Epigenetic Age Acceleration ◽  
Dna Methylation Age

Abstract Allostatic load (AL) and epigenetic clocks both attempt to characterize the accelerated aging of biological systems, but at present it is unclear whether these measures are complementary or distinct. This study examines the cross-sectional association of AL with epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) in a subsample of 490 community-dwelling older adults participating in The Irish Longitudinal study on Aging (TILDA). A battery of 14 biomarkers representing the activity of four different physiological systems: immunological, cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, was used to construct the AL score. DNA methylation age was computed according to the algorithms described by Horvath, Hannum, and Levine allowing for estimation of whether an individual is experiencing accelerated or decelerated aging. Horvath, Hannum, and Levine EAA correlated 0.05, 0.03, and 0.21 with AL, respectively. Disaggregation by sex revealed that AL was more strongly associated with EAA in men compared with women as assessed using Horvath’s clock. Metabolic dysregulation was a strong driver of EAA in men as assessed using Horvath and Levine’s clock, while metabolic and cardiovascular dysregulation were associated with EAA in women using Levine’s clock. Results indicate that AL and the epigenetic clocks are measuring different age-related variance and implicate sex-specific drivers of biological aging.

scholarly journals RISING FROM THE FLOOR IN PERSONS WITH PARKINSON’S DISEASE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S474-S475
Author(s):  
Dennis W Klima ◽  
Jeremy Stewart ◽  
Frank Freijomil ◽  
Mary DiBartolo
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract While considerable research has targeted gait, balance and preventing falls in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD), less in known about the ability to rise from the floor in this population. The aims of this study were to 1) Examine the relationship between locomotion and physical performance tests and the timed supine to stand performance measure and to 2) Identify both the time required and predominant motor patterns utilized by persons with PD to complete to floor rise transition. A cross-sectional design was utilized. Twenty community-dwelling older adults with PD (mean age 74.8+/-9.5 years; 13 men) performed a standardized floor rise test and locomotion tests in a structured task circuit. Subject demographic and anthropometric data were also collected. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment correlations. Fifteen subjects (75%) demonstrated the crouch kneel pattern and fourteen (70%) used an all-4’s strategy to rise to stand. The mean time to rise from the floor was 14.9 (+/- 7.6) seconds and slower than published norms for persons without PD. Nine subjects required the use of a chair to perform floor recovery. Supine to stand performance time was significantly correlated with the: Dynamic Gait Index (r= - 0.66; p&lt;0.002), Five Times Sit to Stand Test (r=0.78; p&lt;0.001), Timed Up and Go Test (r=0.74; p&lt;0.001), and gait velocity (r= -0.77; p&lt;0.001). Rising from the floor demonstrates concurrent validity with locomotion and physical performance tests. Floor recovery techniques can be incorporated in fall prevention initiatives in conjunction with PD symptom management.

Exploring trajectories in dietary adequacy of the B vitamins folate, riboflavin, vitamins B6 and B12, with advancing older age: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gillies ◽  
D. Cameron-Smith ◽  
S. Pundir ◽  
C. R. Wall ◽  
A. M. Milan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Dietary Adequacy ◽  
Metabolism Regulation ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Maintaining nutritional adequacy contributes to successful ageing. B vitamins involved in one-carbon metabolism regulation (folate, riboflavin, vitamins B6 and B12) are critical nutrients contributing to homocysteine and epigenetic regulation. Although cross-sectional B vitamin intake in ageing populations is characterised, longitudinal changes are infrequently reported. This systematic review explores age-related changes in dietary adequacy of folate, riboflavin, vitamins B6 and B12 in community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years at follow-up). Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, databases (MEDLINE, Embase, BIOSIS, CINAHL) were systematically screened, yielding 1579 records; eight studies were included (n 3119 participants, 2–25 years of follow-up). Quality assessment (modified Newcastle–Ottawa quality scale) rated all of moderate–high quality. The estimated average requirement cut-point method estimated the baseline and follow-up population prevalence of dietary inadequacy. Riboflavin (seven studies, n 1953) inadequacy progressively increased with age; the prevalence of inadequacy increased from baseline by up to 22·6 and 9·3 % in males and females, respectively. Dietary folate adequacy (three studies, n 2321) improved in two studies (by up to 22·4 %), but the third showed increasing (8·1 %) inadequacy. Evidence was similarly limited (two studies, respectively) and inconsistent for vitamins B6 (n 559; −9·9 to 47·9 %) and B12 (n 1410; −4·6 to 7·2 %). This review emphasises the scarcity of evidence regarding micronutrient intake changes with age, highlighting the demand for improved reporting of longitudinal changes in nutrient intake that can better direct micronutrient recommendations for older adults. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018104364).

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Intermuscular Fat and Physical Performance Is Moderated by Muscle Area in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Samaneh Farsijani ◽  
Adam J Santanasto ◽  
Iva Miljkovic ◽  
Robert M Boudreau ◽  
Bret H Goodpaster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Age-related deposition of fat in skeletal muscle is associated with functional limitations. Skeletal muscle fat may be present in people with preserved muscle mass or accompanied by muscle wasting. However, it is not clear if the association between muscle fat deposition and physical performance is moderated by muscle mass. Objective To determine whether the association between midthigh intermuscular fat and physical performance is moderated by muscle area. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Health, Aging, and, Body Composition (ABC) study data collected in 2002–2003 (n = 1897, women: 52.2%). Midthigh muscle cross-sectional area (by computed tomography) and physical performance measures were compared across quartiles of intermuscular fat absolute area. Moderation analysis was performed to determine the conditional effect of intermuscular fat on physical performance as a function of muscle area. Conditional effects were evaluated at three levels of muscle area (mean and ± 1 standard deviation [SD]; 213.2 ± 53.2 cm2). Results Simple slope analysis showed that the negative association between intermuscular fat area (cm2) and leg strength (N·m) was of greater magnitude (beta coefficient [b], 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.288 [−0.427, −0.148]) in participants with greater muscle area (ie, 1 SD above the mean) compared to those with lower muscle area (ie, at mean [b = −0.12 {−0.248, 0.008}] or 1 SD below the mean [b = 0.048 {−0.122, 0.217}]). Similarly, the negative association of intermuscular fat with 400-m walk speed (m/s) and chair stand (seconds) was greater in those with higher muscle areas (p &lt; .001) compared to those with lower muscle areas. Conclusions The association between higher intermuscular fat area and impaired physical function in aging is moderated by muscle area.

scholarly journals Contributing Determinants to Hearing Loss in Elderly Men and Women: Results from the Population-Based Rotterdam Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Rigters ◽  
Mick Metselaar ◽  
Marjan H. Wieringa ◽  
Robert J. Baatenburg de Jong ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rotterdam Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

To contribute to a better understanding of the etiology in age-related hearing loss, we carried out a cross-sectional study of 3,315 participants (aged 52-99 years) in the Rotterdam Study, to analyze both low- and high-frequency hearing loss in men and women. Hearing thresholds with pure-tone audiometry were obtained, and other detailed information on a large number of possible determinants was collected. Hearing loss was associated with age, education, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption (inverse correlation). Remarkably, different associations were found for low- and high-frequency loss, as well as between men and women, suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in the etiology of age-related hearing loss.

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