scholarly journals Effect of environmental enrichment and isolation on behavioral and histological indices following focal ischemia in old rats

GeroScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Gresita ◽  
Ruscu Mihai ◽  
Dirk M. Hermann ◽  
Flavia Semida Amandei ◽  
Bogdan Capitanescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Inclined Plane ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Sensory Environment ◽  
Old Rats

AbstractStroke is a disease of aging. In stroke patients, the enriched group that received stimulating physical, eating, socializing, and group activities resulted in higher activity levels including spending more time on upper limb, communal socializing, listening and iPad activities. While environmental enrichment has been shown to improve the behavioral outcome of stroke in young animals, the effect of an enriched environment on behavioral recuperation and histological markers of cellular proliferation, neuroinflammation, and neurogenesis in old subjects is not known. We used behavioral testing and immunohistochemistry to assess the effect of environment on post-stroke recovery of young and aged rats kept either in isolation or stimulating social, motor, and sensory environment (( +)Env). We provide evidence that post-stroke animals environmental enrichment ( +)Env had a significant positive effect on recovery on the rotating pole, the inclined plane, and the labyrinth test. Old age exerted a small but significant effect on lesion size, which was independent of the environment. Further, a smaller infarct volume positively correlated with better recovery of spatial learning based on positive reinforcement, working and reference memory of young, and to a lesser extent, old animals kept in ( +)Env. Histologically, isolation/impoverishment was associated with an increased number of proliferating inflammatory cells expressing ED1 cells in the peri-infarcted area of old but not young rats. Further, ( +)Env and young age were associated with an increased number of neuroepithelial cells expressing nestin/BrdU as well as beta III tubulin cells in the damaged brain area which correlated with an increased performance on the inclined plane and rotating pole. Finally, ( +)Env and an increased number of neurons expressing doublecortin/BrdU cells exerted a significant effect on performance for working memory and performance on the rotating pole in both age groups. A stimulating social, motor and sensory environment had a limited beneficial effect on behavioral recovery (working memory and rotating pole) after stroke in old rats by reducing neuroinflammation and increasing the number of neuronal precursors expressing doublecortin. Old age however, exerted a small but significant effect on lesion size, which was independent of the environment.

scholarly journals Influence of metabolic syndrome on post-stroke outcome, angiogenesis and vascular function in old rats determined by dynamic contrast enhanced MRI

2020 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2097641
Author(s):  
Jesús M Pradillo ◽  
Macarena Hernández-Jiménez ◽  
María E Fernández-Valle ◽  
Violeta Medina ◽  
Juan E Ortuño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Dce Mri ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Old Rats

Stroke affects primarily aged and co-morbid people, aspects not properly considered to date. Since angiogenesis/vasculogenesis are key processes for stroke recovery, we purposed to determine how different co-morbidities affect the outcome and angiogenesis/vasculogenesis, using a rodent model of metabolic syndrome, and by dynamic enhanced-contrast imaging (DCE-MRI) to assess its non-invasive potential to determine these processes. Twenty/twenty-two month-old corpulent (JCR:LA-Cp/Cp), a model of metabolic syndrome and lean rats were used. After inducing the experimental ischemia by transient MCAO, angiogenesis was analyzed by histology, vasculogenesis by determination of endothelial progenitor cells in peripheral blood by flow cytometry and evaluating their pro-angiogenic properties in culture and the vascular function by DCE-MRI at 3, 7 and 28 days after tMCAO. Our results show an increased infarct volume, BBB damage and an impaired outcome in corpulent rats compared with their lean counterparts. Corpulent rats also displayed worse post-stroke angiogenesis/vasculogenesis, outcome that translated in an impaired vascular function determined by DCE-MRI. These data confirm that outcome and angiogenesis/vasculogenesis induced by stroke in old rats are negatively affected by the co-morbidities present in the corpulent genotype and also that DCE-MRI might be a technique useful for the non-invasive evaluation of vascular function and angiogenesis processes.

Post-stroke recovery updates

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Bumbea ◽  
Roxana Carmen Dumitraşcu ◽  
Bogdan Ştefan Bumbea ◽  
Anca Emanuela Muşetescu ◽  
Otilia Rogoveanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Post Stroke

LncRNAs a New Target for Post-Stroke Recovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 3115-3121
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Jingjing Zhao ◽  
Xu Liu ◽  
Ruixia Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Current Development ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Cascade Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Neuron Injury

LncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) are endogenous molecules, involved in complicated biological processes. Increasing evidence has shown that lncRNAs play a vital role in the post-stroke pathophysiology. Furthermore, several lncRNAs were reported to mediate ischemia cascade processes include apoptosis, bloodbrain barier breakdown, angiogenesis, microglial activation induced neuroinflammation which can cause neuron injury and influence neuron recovery after ischemic stroke. In our study, we first summarize current development about lncRNAs and post-stroke, focus on the regulatory roles of lncRNAs on pathophysiology after stroke. We also reviewed genetic variation in lncRNA associated with functional outcome after ischemic stroke. Additionally, lncRNA-based therapeutics offer promising strategies to decrease brain damage and promote neurological recovery following ischemic stroke. We believe that lncRNAs will become promising for the frontier strategies for IS and can open up a new path for the treatment of IS in the future.

Working memory training in post-stroke aphasia: Near and far transfer effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 106077
Author(s):  
Maryam Nikravesh ◽  
Mahshid Aghajanzadeh ◽  
Saman Maroufizadeh ◽  
Arezoo Saffarian ◽  
Zahra Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Working Memory Training ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Far Transfer ◽  
Post Stroke

scholarly journals Post-Stroke Social Isolation Reduces Cell Proliferation in the Dentate Gyrus and Alters miRNA Profiles in the Aged Female Mice Brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Aleah Holmes ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Juneyoung Lee ◽  
Michael E. Maniskas ◽  
Liang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
The Brain

Social isolation and loneliness are risk factors for stroke. Elderly women are more likely to be isolated. Census data shows that in homeowners over the age of 65, women are much more likely to live alone. However, the underlying mechanisms of the detrimental effects of isolation have not been well studied in older females. In this study, we hypothesized that isolation impairs post-stroke recovery in aged female mice, leading to dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in the brain, including those previously shown to be involved in response to social isolation (SI). Aged C57BL/6 female mice were subjected to a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion and were randomly assigned to either single housing (SI) or continued pair housing (PH) immediately after stroke for 15 days. SI immediately after stroke led to significantly more brain tissue loss after stroke and higher mortality. Furthermore, SI significantly delayed motor and sensory recovery and worsened cognitive function, compared to PH. A decrease in cell proliferation was seen in the dentate gyrus of SI mice assessed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. miRNAome data analysis revealed changes in several miRNAs in the brain, such as miR-297a-3p and miR-200c-3p, which are known to regulate pathways involved in cell proliferation. In conclusion, our data suggest that SI can lead to a poor post-stroke recovery in aged females and dysregulation of miRNAs and reduced hippocampal cell proliferation.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation strategy for post-stroke recovery using an innovative elbow exoskeleton

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (6) ◽  
pp. 668-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya K Manna ◽  
Venketesh N Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stage ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Single Structure ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Working Region ◽  
Rehabilitation Strategy

Intensive and adaptive rehabilitation therapy is beneficial for post-stroke recovery. Three modes of rehabilitation are generally performed at different stages after stroke: external force-based control in the acute stage, assistive force-based rehabilitation in the midway of recovery and resistive force-based rehabilitation in the last stage. To achieve the above requirements, an innovative elbow exoskeleton has been developed to incorporate the three modes of rehabilitation in a single structure. The structure of the exoskeleton has been designed in such a way that the whole working region is divided into three where each region can provide a different mode of rehabilitation. Recovery rate can be varied for individuals since it depends on various parameters. To evaluate the rate of recovery, three joint parameters have been identified: range of angular movement, angular velocity and joint torque. These parameters are incorporated into the framework of planning a novel rehabilitation strategy, which is discussed in this article along with the structural description of the designed exoskeleton.

Abstract W MP41: Potentiation of Gaba-Mediated Synaptic Inhibition in the Recovery Phase: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Hiu ◽  
Tonya Bliss ◽  
Jeanne Paz ◽  
Eric Wang ◽  
Zoya Farzampour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Array Tomography ◽  
Neuronal Inhibition ◽  
Gaba Signaling ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Background: Stroke is a major cause of disability yet pharmacotherapy targeting the recovery phase is lacking. Cortical circuit reorganization adjacent to the stroke site promotes recovery, thus elucidating mechanisms that promote this plasticity could lead to new therapeutics. Tonic neuronal inhibition, mediated by extrasynaptic GABA A receptors,inhibits post-stroke recovery. However, effects of phasic (synaptic) GABA signaling - which promotes plasticity during development - are unknown. Here we use a combined approach of i) array tomography to determine the composition of GABA synapses in the post-stroke mouse brain, ii) electrophysiology to determine whether stroke leads to functional changes in GABA-mediated phasic inhibition, and (iii) treatment with zolpidem, an FDA-approved GABA agonist, to modulate recovery. Results: We found, using array tomography, a 1.7-fold increase in the number of GABAergic synapses containing the α1 receptor subunit in layer 5 of the peri-infarct cortex (synapse number/μm 3 : 0.039±0.006 (control) vs 0.064±0.006 (stroke); P<0.01), but not in layer 2/3. There was an associated increase in spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents (sIPSC) specific to layer 5 pyramidal neurons (sIPSC charge (fC): -403±27.8 (control) vs -724±166 (stroke); p=0.03). This effect was transient, occurring during the onset of functional recovery. To test whether the increased phasic inhibitory GABAergic signaling promotes stroke recovery, we treated animals with zolpidem, an agonist with high affinity for α1 subunit-containing GABA A receptors. Low dose zolpidem increased GABA A phasic signaling in layer 5 pyramidal cells and notably increased the rate and extent of behavioral recovery without altering infarct size. Conclusions: These data provide the first evidence that enhanced GABA A -mediated synaptic activity during the recovery phase improves stroke outcome. These data identify modulation of phasic GABA signaling as a novel therapeutic strategy for stroke, indicate zolpidem as a potential drug to improve recovery, and underscore the necessity to distinguish the role of tonic and phasic GABA inhibition in stroke recovery.

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