Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry mediate sensitivity of carbon stabilization mechanisms along with surface layers of a Mollisol after long-term fertilization in Northeast China

Economic vitality is an important indicator of regional competitiveness. The demand for talents and the vitality of enterprises in different regions are obvious to all and have practical significance. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a survey data model and conduct in-depth study on improving regional economic vitality from the perspective of policy.Based on a variety of forecasting methods, this paper analyzes the short-term and long-term impact of economic policies in Northeast China, and finally puts forward the factors that affect the economic vitality of northeast policies. Finally, the paper puts forward the feasibility and targeted suggestions of strengthening regional economic vitality, obtaining long-term development and building a more competitive city in the new era.

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Regional variability in black carbon and carbon monoxide ratio from long-term observations over East Asia: assessment of representativeness for black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission inventories

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-20-83-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 83-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yongjoo Choi ◽

Yugo Kanaya ◽

Seung-Myung Park ◽

Atsushi Matsuki ◽

Yasuhiro Sadanaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

South Korea ◽

East Asia ◽

Black Carbon ◽

North Korea ◽

Northeast China ◽

Emission Inventory ◽

East China ◽

Co Emission

Abstract. The black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission ratios were estimated and compiled from long-term, harmonized observations of the ΔBC∕ΔCO ratios under conditions unaffected by wet deposition at four sites in East Asia, including two sites in South Korea (Baengnyeong and Gosan) and two sites in Japan (Noto and Fukuoka). Extended spatio-temporal coverage enabled estimation of the full seasonality and elucidation of the emission ratio in North Korea for the first time. The estimated ratios were used to validate the Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) version 2.1 based on six study domains (“East China”, “North China”, “Northeast China”, South Korea, North Korea, and Japan). We found that the ΔBC∕ΔCO ratios from four sites converged into a narrow range (6.2–7.9 ng m−3 ppb−1), suggesting consistency in the results from independent observations and similarity in source profiles over the regions. The BC∕CO ratios from the REAS emission inventory (7.7 ng m−3 ppb−1 for East China – 23.2 ng m−3 ppb−1 for South Korea) were overestimated by factors of 1.1 for East China to 3.0 for South Korea, whereas the ratio for North Korea (3.7 ng m−3 ppb−1 from REAS) was underestimated by a factor of 2.0, most likely due to inaccurate emissions from the road transportation sector. Seasonal variation in the BC∕CO ratio from REAS was found to be the highest in winter (China and North Korea) or summer (South Korea and Japan), whereas the measured ΔBC∕ΔCO ratio was the highest in spring in all source regions, indicating the need for further characterization of the seasonality when creating a bottom-up emission inventory. At levels of administrative districts, overestimation in Seoul, the southwestern regions of South Korea, and Northeast China was noticeable, and underestimation was mainly observed in the western regions in North Korea, including Pyongyang. These diagnoses are useful for identifying regions where revisions in the inventory are necessary, providing guidance for the refinement of BC and CO emission rate estimates over East Asia.

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Robust Carbon-Stabilization of Few-Layer Black Phosphorus for Superior Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings10070695 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 695 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mengjie Zhang ◽

Wenchang Zhu ◽

Xingzhe Yang ◽

Meng Feng ◽

Hongbin Feng

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Evolution ◽

Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽

Black Phosphorus ◽

Carbon Stabilization ◽

High Durability ◽

Carbon Coated ◽

Alkaline Conditions ◽

Doped Graphene ◽

A Current

Few-layer exfoliated black phosphorus (Ex-BP) has attracted tremendous attention owing to its promising applications, including in electrocatalysis. However, it remains a challenge to directly use few-layer Ex-BP as oxygen-involved electrocatalyst because it is quite difficult to restrain structural degradation caused by spontaneous oxidation and keep it stable. Here, a robust carbon-stabilization strategy has been implemented to prepare carbon-coated Ex-BP/N-doped graphene nanosheet (Ex-BP/NGS@C) nanostructures at room temperature, which exhibit superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity under alkaline conditions. Specifically, the as-synthesized Ex-BP/NGS@C hybrid presents a low overpotential of 257 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 52 mV dec−1 and shows high durability after long-term testing.

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Evaluation of the CERES-Rice Model for Precision Nitrogen Management for Rice in Northeast China

Advances in Animal Biosciences ◽

10.1017/s2040470017000024 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 328-332

Author(s):

J. Zhang ◽

Y. Miao ◽

W.D. Batchelor

Keyword(s):

Northeast China ◽

Weather Data ◽

Cool Season ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Optimum N Rate ◽

Management Recommendations ◽

N Management ◽

N Rates ◽

N Use

Over-application of nitrogen (N) in rice (Oryza sativaL.) production in China is common, leading to low N use efficiency (NUE) and high environmental risks. The objective of this work was to evaluate the ability of the CERES-Rice crop growth model to simulate N response in the cool climate of Northeast China, with the long term goal of using the model to develop optimum N management recommendations. Nitrogen experiments were conducted from 2011–2015 in Jiansanjiang, Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China. The CERES-Rice model was calibrated for 2014 and 2015 and evaluated for 2011 and 2013 experiments. Overall, the model gave good estimations of yield across N rates for the calibration years (R2=0.89) and evaluation years (R2=0.73). The calibrated model was then run using weather data from 2001–2015 for 20 different N rates to determine the N rate that maximized the long term marginal net return (MNR) for different N prices. The model results indicated that the optimum mean N rate was 120–130 kg N ha–1, but that the simulated optimum N rate varied each year, ranging from 100 to 200 kg N ha–1. Results of this study indicated that the CERES-Rice model was able to simulate cool season rice growth and provide estimates of optimum regional N rates that were consistent with field observations for the area.

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Response Characteristics of Chinese Pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) Radial Growth to Climate and Drought Variability Reconstruction in Western Liaoning, Northeast China

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10090752 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 752

Author(s):

Liu ◽

Bao ◽

Bao

Keyword(s):

Northeast China ◽

Radial Growth ◽

Pinus Tabulaeformis ◽

Western Liaoning ◽

Chinese Pine ◽

The Past ◽

The North ◽

Pinus Tabulaeformis Carr ◽

The North Pacific

Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem health and stability in western Liaoning Province and the southern Horqin sand land, Northeast China, with benefits including sand fixation and soil erosion. In the context of climate change, developing a better understanding of the relationship between climate factors and growth rates of this species will be extremely valuable in guiding management activities and meeting regional conservation objectives. Here, the results based on two groups of tree-ring samples show that the radial growth of Chinese pine is controlled primarily by water conditions. The longer chronology had the highest correlation coefficient with the January–September mean self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI); therefore, drought variability was reconstructed for the period 1859–2014. Statistical analysis showed that our model explained 41.9% of the variance in radial growth during the 1951–2014 calibration period. Extreme dry and wet events, defined as the criteria of one standard deviation less or greater than the mean value, accounted for 19.9% and 18.6% of the 156-year climate record, respectively. During the past century, the regional hydroclimate experienced significant long-term fluctuations. The dry periods occurred from the early-1900s–1930s and 1980s–2000s, and the wet periods occurred from the 1940s–1970s. The drought reconstruction was consistent with the decreasing trend of the East Asian summer monsoon since the late 1970s. The reconstructed temporal patterns in hydroclimate in western Liaoning were closely related to the large-scale climate drivers in the North Pacific and the tropical equatorial Pacific. The teleconnections were confirmed by spatial correlations between the reconstructed sequence and sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Pacific, as well as the correlations with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices. Aerosols played an important role in affecting drought variations over the past several decades. Moisture stress caused by global warming and interdecadal changes in the PDO will have long-term effects on the growth of pines in the study area in the future.

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Effects of long-term nitrogen and phosphorus additions on soil acidification in an N-rich tropical forest

Geoderma ◽

10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.09.017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 285 ◽

pp. 57-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Qinggong Mao ◽

Xiankai Lu ◽

Kaijun Zhou ◽

Hao Chen ◽

Xiaomin Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tropical Forest ◽

Soil Acidification ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus

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Long-term effect of cropping system and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on production and nitrogen economy of grain crops in a Brown Chernozem

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p03-215 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 81-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

C. A. Campbell ◽

R. P. Zentner ◽

F. Selles ◽

P. G. Jefferson ◽

B. G. McConkey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Crop Production ◽

N Uptake ◽

Yield Response ◽

Average Response ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

N Yield ◽

P Fertilizer

Assessment of the long-term impact of fertilizers and other management factors on crop production and environmental sustainability of cropping systems in the semi-arid Canadian prairies is needed. This paper discusses the long-term influence of N and P fertilizers on crop production, N uptake and water use of hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and the effect of the preceding crop type [flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and fall rye (Secale cereale L.)] on wheat grown on a medium-textured, Orthic Brown Chernozem at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. We analysed 36 yr of results (1967–2002) from eight crop rotation-fertility treatments: viz., fallow-wheat receiving N and P (F-W, N + P), three F-W-W treatments fertilized with (i) N + P, (ii) P only, and (iii) N only; two other 3-yr mixed rotations with N + P (i) F-flax-W (F-Flx-W) and (ii) F-fall rye-W (F-Rye-W); and two continuous wheat rotations (Cont W), one receiving N + P and the other only P. Growing season weather conditions during the 36-yr period were near the long-term mean, but the first 22 yr were generally drier than normal while the last 14 yr (1989–2002) had average to above-average growing conditions. This was partly responsible for grain and N yield being greater in the latter period than in the first 22 yr. The 36-yr average response of wheat grown on fallow to P fertilizer was 339 kg ha-1, while the response to N fertilizer over this period was only 123 kg ha-1. The 36-yr average response of wheat grown on stubble to N was 344 kg ha-1 for F-W-(W) and 393 kg ha-1 for Cont W. Neither flax nor fall rye influenced the yield response of the following wheat crops. Annualized grain production for F-W (N + P), F-W-W (+ N) and F-W-W (+ P) rotations were similar (1130 kg ha-1 yr-1); this was about 15% lower than for F-W-W (N + P), 40% lower than for Cont W (N + P), and 5% lower than for Cont W (+ P). Annualized aboveground N yield for Cont W (N + P) was 57% higher than for Cont W (+ P). Regressions were developed relating straw to grain yields for wheat, flax and fall rye. The amount of NO3-N left in the soil was directly related to amount of N applied and inversely to N removed in the crop. Thus, F-(W)-W (+ N) left about 28% more NO3-N in the rooting zone than F-(W)-W (N + P), while F-W-(W) (N + P) left 20% more than F-W-(W) (+ P), and Cont W (N + P) left 39% more than Cont W (+ P). F-Rye-W (N + P) left much less NO3-N in the soil than any other fallow-containing system and similar amounts to Cont W (N + P). Key words: Yields, grain protein, N and P fertilizer, straw/grain regressions, water use, soil nitrate

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Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on the Distribution of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Water-Stable Aggregates in Paddy Soil

Agricultural Sciences in China ◽

10.1016/s1671-2927(11)60194-6 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1932-1940 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Wei WANG ◽

Wei-cai CHEN ◽

Kai-rong WANG ◽

Xiao-li XIE ◽

Chun-mei YIN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Paddy Soil ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Water Stable Aggregates

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Influences on the Hydrophobicity of Concrete Surfaces Treated with Alkyl Trialkoxysilanes

Restoration of Buildings and Monuments ◽

10.1515/rbm14.20.6-0039 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 405-412

Author(s):

U. Antons ◽

M. Raupach ◽

O. Weichold

Keyword(s):

Uv Radiation ◽

Cement Hydration ◽

Alkaline Media ◽

Water Repellent ◽

Portland Cement Concrete ◽

Accelerated Carbonation ◽

Surface Layers ◽

Hydrophobic Layer ◽

Furnace Slag

Abstract The paper focuses on how alkaline media, UV radiation, and carbonation as well as on-going cement hydration affects hydrophobic treatments of concrete and influences the properties of these water-repellent layers. Single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance measurements show that layers formed by impregnating samples with alkyl trialkoxysilanes are stable even under long-term exposure to alkaline solution and UV radiation, with the damage of the latter being limited to the topmost surface layers. Microstructural changes during accelerated carbonation of blast furnace slag cement based concrete have a major impact on the hydrophobic layer properties, while the carbonation of Portland cement concrete has no influence. On-going hydration additionally influences the hydrophobic layer properties.

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