The Minnesota Model: A Clinical Assessment of Its Effectiveness in Treating Anxiety and Depression Compared to Addiction

AbstractThe current study compared and assessed the effectiveness of the Minnesota model in reducing psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression among two groups: individuals with clinically diagnosed addiction only (n = 29) and individuals with clinically diagnosed anxiety/depression in the absence of addiction (n = 25). Anxiety and depression were measured using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7 and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9, respectively. Two one-way analyses of covariance found no significant differences in post-intervention anxiety and depression scores when comparing the addiction group and the anxiety/depression group (F(1, 51) = 0.075, p = 0.786 and F(1, 51) = 0.302, p = 0.585, respectively). Reliable change index calculations also indicated that both the addiction group and the anxiety/depression group exhibited clinically significant reductions in anxiety and depression following treatment. These findings are considered in light of key methodological limitations, and the theoretical and therapeutic implications are discussed.

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Anxiety, depression, and comorbid anxiety and depression: risk factors and outcome over two years

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s104161021200107x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 1622-1632 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Osvaldo P. Almeida ◽

Brian Draper ◽

Jane Pirkis ◽

John Snowdon ◽

Nicola T. Lautenschlager ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Later Life ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Course Of Illness ◽

Comorbid Anxiety ◽

Patient Health ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Anxiety Depression

ABSTRACTBackground: This study aimed to determine: (1) the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and depression associated with anxiety (DA); (2) the risk factor profile of depression, anxiety, and DA; (3) the course of depression, anxiety, and DA over 24 months.Methods: Two-year longitudinal study of 20,036 adults aged 60+ years. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale anxiety subscale to establish the presence of depression and anxiety, and standard procedures to collect demographic, lifestyle, psychosocial, and clinical data.Results: The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and DA was 4.7%, 1.4%, and 1.8%. About 57% of depression cases showed evidence of comorbid anxiety, while only 28% of those with clinically significant anxiety had concurrent depression. There was not only an overlap in the distribution of risk factors in these diagnostic groups but also differences. We found that 31%, 23%, and 35% of older adults with anxiety, depression, and DA showed persistence of symptoms after two years. Repeated anxiety was more common in women and repeated depression in men. Socioeconomic stressors were common in repeated DA.Conclusions: Clinically significant anxiety and depression are distinct conditions that frequently coexist in later life; when they appear together, older adults endure a more chronic course of illness.

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Daily intake of soft drinks is associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression in Chinese adolescents

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019001009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 2553-2560 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Xingyu Zhang ◽

Xiaoyan Huang ◽

Yi Xiao ◽

Danrong Jing ◽

Yuzhou Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soft Drink ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Soft Drink Consumption ◽

Patient Health ◽

Clinically Significant

AbstractObjective:The association of soft drink consumption with mental problems in Asian adolescents has not been reported. The present study aimed to investigate the association of soft drink consumption and symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents in China.Design:A cross-sectional study to investigate the association of intake of soft drinks and sugars from soft drinks with symptoms of anxiety and depression measured by the two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), respectively.Setting:A comprehensive university in Changsha, China.Participants:Newly enrolled college students in 2017.Result:In total, 8226 students completed the investigation and 8085 students with no systemic disorders were finally analysed. Students consuming soft drinks ≥7 times/week had significantly higher (mean difference; 95 % CI) GAD-2 (0·15; 0·07, 0·23) and PHQ-2 (0·27; 0·19, 0·35) scores compared with those barely consuming soft drinks, adjusted for demographic and behavioural factors. Those consuming >25 g sugar/d from soft drinks had significantly higher GAD-2 (0·11; 0·04, 0·18) and PHQ-2 (0·22; 0·15, 0·29) scores compared with non-consumers. The mediation effect of obesity in the associations was not clinically significant.Conclusions:Adolescents consuming soft drinks ≥7 times/week, or >25 g sugar/d from soft drinks, had significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression. Dietary suggestion is needed to prevent anxiety and depression in adolescents.

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Acute Relationship between Cognitive and Psychological Symptoms of Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

ISRN Rehabilitation ◽

10.5402/2012/147285 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elaine de Guise ◽

Joanne LeBlanc ◽

Simon Tinawi ◽

Julie Lamoureux ◽

Mitra Feyz

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Psychological Reactions ◽

Postconcussive Symptoms ◽

High Level ◽

Anxiety Depression ◽

The Relationship ◽

Very High

Objective. The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between acute psychological reactions and cognition as well as postconcussive symptoms in patients with MTBI. Research Methods. Sociodemographic and medical history data were gathered for 59 patients diagnosed with MTBI. Validated and standardized tools were used to assess anxiety, depression, and cognitive function two weeks after trauma. Postconcussive symptoms were assessed with the Rivermead postconcussive questionnaire. Results. Despite the absence of significant neuropsychological deficits, a very high level of anxiety and depression was observed in our cohort. Level of anxiety and depression were positively related to cognitive performances and to postconcussive symptoms. Moreover, patients with preexisting alcohol and psychological problems were more likely to present with acute depression after MTBI. Conclusions. Early psychological rehabilitation should be provided to decrease the intensity and frequency of postconcussive symptoms and diminish the risk of these problems becoming chronic.

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Somatic symptoms and their association with anxiety and depression in Chinese patients with cardiac neurosis

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060519869711 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (10) ◽

pp. 4920-4928

Author(s):

Feng Zheng ◽

Yinglong Duan ◽

Jingle Li ◽

Lin Lai ◽

Zhuqing Zhong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Somatic Symptoms ◽

General Information ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Self Rating ◽

Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis ◽

Patient Health ◽

Cardiac Neurosis

Objective We sought to investigate somatic symptoms detected by the Somatic Self-rating Scale and to evaluate whether they were associated with the psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with cardiac neurosis. Methods A total of 180 patients with cardiac neurosis at the Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China, were surveyed from January 2017 to July 2018. Participants completed a general information questionnaire, the Somatic Self-rating Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7. Results The mean (±standard deviation) somatic symptom score in patients with cardiac neurosis was 40.83 ± 7.12. The most severe symptoms were cardiovascular symptoms, fatigue and muscle soreness. A total of 90 patients (46.4%) had anxiety and 80 (50.0%) had depression. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that somatic symptoms in patients with cardiac neurosis were associated with both anxiety and depression. Conclusion Somatic symptoms in patients with cardiac neurosis were associated with both anxiety and depression. Therefore, it is important to provide effective emotional interventions to promote patient rehabilitation.

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Online group CBT for symptoms of anxiety and depression among university students: A pragmatic open trial (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.27400 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jason Bantjes ◽

Alan E. Kazdin ◽

Pim Cuijpers ◽

Elsie Breet ◽

Munita Dunn-Coetzee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

University Students ◽

Open Trial ◽

Self Report ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Satisfaction With Treatment ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Online Group ◽

Group Cbt

BACKGROUND Both anxiety and depression are common among university students, and university counselling centres are under pressure to develop effective, novel and sustainable interventions that engage and retain students. Group interventions delivered via the internet could be a novel and effective way to promote student mental health. OBJECTIVE We carried out a pragmatic open trial to investigate uptake, retention, treatment response, and level of satisfaction with a remote group CBT intervention designed to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression delivered online to university students during the COVID pandemic. METHODS Pre- and post-intervention self-report data on anxiety and depression were collected with the GAD-7 and PHQ-9. Satisfaction was assessed post-intervention with the Client Satisfaction with Treatment Questionnaire. RESULTS 175 students (86.1% female, mean age=22.4 years) were enrolled, 90.3% (n=158) of whom initiated treatment. Mean (SD) number of sessions attended was 6.4 (2.8) out of 10. Among participants with clinically significant symptoms at baseline, mean symptom scores decreased significantly for anxiety (t56=11.6, P<.001), depression (t61=7.8, P<.001), and composite anxiety/depression (t60=10.7, P<.001), with large effect sizes (d=1.0-1.5). Remission rates among participants with clinically significant baseline symptoms were 67.7-78.9% and were not associated with baseline symptom severity. High overall levels of satisfaction with treatment were reported. CONCLUSIONS These results serve as a proof of concept for the use of online group CBT to promote the mental health of university students. CLINICALTRIAL This was a pragmatic trial undertaken as part of a rapid response to COVID. As such we did not register this trial.

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Better Off Dead: Suicidal Thoughts in Cancer Patients

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2007.11.8844 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 (29) ◽

pp. 4725-4730 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

Jane Walker ◽

Rachel A. Waters ◽

Gordon Murray ◽

Helen Swanson ◽

Carina J. Hibberd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Emotional Distress ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Pain Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Clinical Database ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Patient Health ◽

Clinically Significant

Purpose Cancer is associated with an increased risk of suicide and attempted suicide. However, we do not know how many cancer patients have thoughts that they would be better off dead or thoughts of hurting themselves. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of such thoughts in cancer outpatients and which patients are most likely to have them. Patients and Methods A survey of consecutive patients who attended the outpatient clinics of a regional cancer center in Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Patients completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), which included Item 9 that asks patients if they have had thoughts of being better off dead or of hurting themselves in some way in the previous 2 weeks. Those who reported having had such thoughts for at least several days in this period were labeled as positive responders. Patients also completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and a pain scale. The participating patients’ cancer diagnoses and treatments were obtained from the cancer center clinical database. Results Data were available on 2,924 patients; 7.8% (229 of 2,924; 95% CI, 6.9% to 8.9%) were positive responders. Clinically significant emotional distress, substantial pain, and—to a lesser extent—older age, were associated with a positive response. There was strong evidence of interactions between these effects, and emotional distress played the most important role. Conclusion A substantial number of cancer outpatients report thoughts that they would be better off dead or thoughts of hurting themselves. Management of emotional distress and pain should be a central aspect of cancer care.

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Nostalgic conversations: The co-production of an intervention package for people living with dementia and their spouse

Dementia ◽

10.1177/14713012211047350 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 147130122110473

Author(s):

Emily Dodd ◽

Sanda Ismail ◽

Gary Christopher ◽

Tim Wildschut ◽

Constantine Sedikides ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meaning In Life ◽

Social Connectedness ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Reliable Change Index ◽

Psychological Benefits ◽

Intervention Package ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Reliable Change ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Clinical Potential

Objectives Nostalgic memories are more social than other forms of autobiographical recall, often refer to atypical events, express more positive affect and reflect life as meaningful. Recalling a nostalgic (compared to ordinary) memory increases self-esteem, self-growth, meaning in life and social connectedness for people living with dementia. We set two objectives: to work with people living with dementia to develop an intervention based on nostalgia, and to assess whether couples could engage in nostalgic conversations. Method Our research fell into three phases. Initially, we consulted with people living with dementia and with carers to identify the parameters for a nostalgic intervention. From this, we drafted a workbook that contained triggers for nostalgic conversations, which we then took back to the public contributors for refinement. Finally, we trialled the workbook over 5 weeks with six couples, each of which included a person living with dementia. We assessed pre- and post-intervention self-esteem, self-growth, meaning in life and social connectedness for participants with dementia and social connectedness for carers. We then calculated Reliable Change Index scores and established levels of clinically significant change. We also interviewed couples at the end of the intervention to explore its implementation and acceptability. Results All six couples could identify nostalgic memories, with five couples successfully integrating the nostalgic conversations into their day-to-day lives. A sixth couple found it difficult to engage fully with the intervention, but still considered it useful. All six couples manifested a reliable change in at least one outcome, with one couple showing reliable change across three outcomes. Conclusion The psychological benefits of nostalgia have been robustly demonstrated in laboratory-based studies. This co-production of an intervention that sets nostalgic recall into the context of a conversation has clinical potential but requires further investigation through a larger study.

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Associations Between COVID-19 Symptoms and Psychological Distress

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.721532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ju-Wan Kim ◽

Hee-Ju Kang ◽

Min Jhon ◽

Seunghyong Ryu ◽

Ju-Yeon Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severity Index ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Significant Group ◽

Anxiety Depression ◽

The Relationship

Background: Hospital isolation for COVID-19 may cause significant psychological stress. The association between COVID-19 symptoms and psychological symptoms has not been systematically studied. We investigated the effects of telephonic intervention on the relationship between psychological symptoms and COVID-19 symptoms at the time of hospitalization and 1 week later.Method: We screened 461 patients with COVID-19 for psychiatric symptoms from February 29, 2020, to January 3, 2021. In total, 461 patients were evaluated 2 days after admission, and 322 (69.8%) were followed 1 week later. To assess anxiety and depressive symptoms, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was administered to patients once per week. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and item 9 of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-9) were used weekly to assess insomnia and suicidal ideation.Results: Of 461 enrolled patients, we observed clinically meaningful psychological anxiety symptoms (in 75/16.3% of patients), depression (122/26.5%), insomnia (154/33.4%), and suicidal ideation (54/11.7%). Commonly reported COVID-19 symptoms are cough/sputum/sneezing (244, 52.9%), headache/dizziness (98, 21.3%), myalgia (113, 24.5%), and sore throat (89, 19.3%). Compared to baseline, significant improvements were found in anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation at 1 week. No significant group differences in ISI score were observed.Conclusions: COVID-19 symptoms at baseline had a significant and persistent negative impact on anxiety and depression at admission and at 1 week after hospitalization. Early intervention is essential to improve the outcomes of patients with mental illness.

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Psychological features of adult patients with langerhans cell histiocytosis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0246604 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0246604

Author(s):

Emmanuelle Bugnet ◽

Nishant Gupta ◽

Gwenaël Lorillon ◽

Sayena Arbabzadeh-Bouchez ◽

Cédric Lemogne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Principal Component ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Langerhans Cell ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Psychological Features

Background The prevalence of psychological symptoms and the co-occurrence of substance abuse disorders in adult patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) has not been previously explored. We aimed to use validated scales to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms experienced by adult LCH patients. Methods In this cross-sectional study, all consecutive adult LCH patients seen at our national reference center between January 2012 and January 2013 were asked to complete the following instruments: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS); Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Version 10 (BIS-10); and Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test (CUDIT). Self-reported scores on these scales were used to determine the point prevalence of clinically significant psychological symptoms and substance use disorders in LCH patients. Patient profiles in terms of psychological features were assessed by principal component analysis including the HADS and BIS-10 instruments values, followed by hierarchical clustering. Fisher exact tests and Wilcoxon tests were used to examine the associations between disease-related parameters and high levels of anxiety and impulsivity. Results Seventy-one adult LCH patients, mainly with pulmonary LCH (PLCH), completed the evaluations. Clinically significant anxiety and depression symptoms were reported by 22 (31%) and 4 (6%) subjects, respectively. Impulsivity was detected in 14% (10/71) of the patients. Seventeen percent (12/71) of the patients used cannabis on a regular basis, with 50% of these individuals (6/12) exhibiting scores consistent with cannabis use disorder. Three derived clusters of patients were identified in the principal component analysis; these patient clusters differed in successful weaning from tobacco at the time of evaluation (p = 0.03). In univariate analyses, isolated PLCH and the use of psychotropic treatments were statistically associated with clinically significant anxiety symptoms. Conclusions High levels of anxiety and impulsivity are common in adult patients with LCH. The consequences of these symptoms for the management of LCH patients warrant further evaluation.

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How common are depression and anxiety in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and how should we screen for these mental health co-morbidities? A clinical cohort study

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.1007/s00787-020-01646-w ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maria E. Loades ◽

Rebecca Read ◽

Lucie Smith ◽

Nina T. Higson-Sweeney ◽

Amanda Laffan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Chronic Fatigue ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Fatigue Syndrome ◽

Children’S Anxiety ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Anxiety Depression

Abstract Adolescents with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) appear to be more likely to experience anxiety and/or depression using Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). However, we do not know how accurate these are at detecting problems in this patient group given the primary symptom of fatigue. We aimed to accurately determine the prevalence of anxiety/depression using gold-standard diagnostic interviews and evaluate the accuracy of PROMs measuring mood disorders in this patient group. We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological study in a specialist tertiary paediatric CFS/ME service, England. The participants were164 12–18-year olds with clinician confirmed CFS/ME and their parents. The measures were a semi-structured diagnostic interview, the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, K-SADS, and questionnaires (Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale, RCADS; Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale, SCAS; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS). Parents completed the RCADS-P. 35% met the criteria for at least one common mental health problem. 20% had major depressive disorder, and 27% an anxiety disorder, with social anxiety and generalised anxiety being the most common. There was high co-morbidity, with 61% of those who were depressed also having at least one anxiety disorder. The questionnaires were moderately accurate (AUC > 0.7) at detecting clinically significant anxiety/depression, although only the RCADS-anxiety reached the predefined 0.8 sensitivity, 0.7 specificity target. Mental health problems are particularly common amongst adolescents with CFS/ME. Most screening tools were not sufficiently accurate in detecting clinically significant anxiety and depression, so these should be used with care in combination with thorough psychological/psychiatric assessment.

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