scholarly journals Identification of Elite Potato Clones with Resistance to Late Blight Through Participatory Varietal Selection in Peru

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Gastelo ◽  
Gabriela Burgos ◽  
Carolina Bastos ◽  
Juan Miguel Perez ◽  
Ronal Otiniano ◽  
...  

AbstractPotato is the most important crop in Peru and late blight is the main disease affecting the crop. However, new varieties that are resistant to late blight often lack other traits that farmers and consumers prefer. Using participatory varietal selection, this study seeks to identify clones with high potential to become varieties with resistance to late blight but also feature a high marketable tuber yield and other preferred agronomic traits. During 2016–2017, 36 clones previously selected for high levels of resistance to late blight from population B developed by the International Potato Center, and three varieties used as controls (INIA 302 Amarilis moderately resistant, INIA303 Canchan and Yungay susceptible to late blight), were evaluated in five Peruvian locations. At harvest, five clones were selected based on (i) evaluations made by farmers through Participatory Varietal Selection, (ii) analysis of mixed models and Best Linear Unbiased Predictors for tuber yield, (iii) low glycoalkaloid content in tubers, and (iv) good organoleptic quality. These clones were evaluated again during 2017–2018 in four locations. Resistance to late blight and good marketable tuber yields were identified as the most important criteria for the selection of a new potato variety. The clones CIP308488.92, CIP308495.227 and CIP308478.59 were selected as promising clones having resistance to late blight and tuber yield superior to the local varieties, INIA-303 Canchan, Yungay, as well as good organoleptic quality and low glycoalkaloid content. These clones can be suggested for variety release in similar agroecological environments.

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Antonio José López ◽  
Luis Alfredo Hernández ◽  
Carlos Iglesias

<p>La participación del agricultor en la selección de variedades ha sido ampliamente documentada en varios cultivos y países; sin embargo, pocos desarrollos metodológicos se han orientado al desarrollo de nuevas variedades. El presente artículo documenta la formulación y aplicación de una metodología de selección varietal participativa (SVP) en yuca a lo largo de cuatro años con agricultores de la región Caribe colombiana. La metodología constó de cuatro etapas: en la de diagnóstico se indagaron las prácticas de los agricultores y sus conceptos sobre las características de las variedades que usan; en la etapa de oferta tecnológica se seleccionaron 10 clones avanzados suministrados por ICA y CIAT; en la etapa de evaluación, usando datos y criterios provenientes de los agricultores, se estableció una red de 60 pruebas de SVP; la etapa final de procesamiento de datos, análisis y retro-información se desarrolló en dos fases, una de análisis de los datos y otra de utilización de los resultados en el proceso de fitomejoramiento. Mientras los fitomejoradores señalaron una variedad ideal basados en atributos genotípicos, para los agricultores dicha variedad reunía una combinación de caracteres bióticos, físicos y socioeconómicos. El 72% de las expresiones obtenidas en la fase de evaluación se refirieron a la raíz y se identificaron tres categorías de aceptación de una variedad. Además, se definieron criterios cualitativos y cuantitativos óptimos para datos agronómicos, así como los rasgos de mayor importancia para los agricultores. Finalmente, se evaluó la eficacia de los genotipos evaluados en seis diferentes ambientes (años y sitios) para los caracteres agronómicos preferidos. Los productos principales de esta metodología fueron cuatro variedades de yuca liberadas, la reducción de 13 a 8 años en el período de desarrollo de una variedad y, finalmente, la adopción de una metodología de SVP aplicable en programas de fitomejoramiento de yuca. </p><p> </p><p> <strong>Varietal participative selection for cassava breeding with small farmers in Colombian Caribbean region: a methodology development </strong></p><p>Farmer’s participation in varietal selection has been broadly documented in several crops and countries. However, few methodological developments have focused on the development of new varieties. This paper describes a participatory varietal selection methodology (PVS) in cassava developed through a four year research project with farmers of the Colombian Caribbean region. Four phases were developed: in the diagnostic stage, farmer’s practices and concepts about traits of the varieties used were queried, during the technological offer stage, 10 advanced clones provided by ICA and CIAT were selected. In the evaluation stage, a network of 60 PVS trials was established; the final stage of data processing, analysis and feed-back was developed in two phases: one of data analysis and the other incorporating the results in the plant breeding process. Whereas plant breeders chose an ideal variety based on genotypic attributes, for the farmers such a variety had a combination of biotic, physical and socio-economic characteristics. 72% of the opinions obtained during the evaluation stage referred to the root and three categories of variety acceptance were identified. Furthermore, optimal quantitative and qualitative criteria were defined for agronomic traits as well as the traits of greater importance for the farmers. Finally, using the preferred agronomic characteristics, efficacy of the selected genotypes was evaluated under six different environmental conditions (years and sites). The main outcome of this methodology was the release of four cassava varieties, the reduction from 13 to 8 years in the time to develop a variety, and, lastly, the adoption of an SVP methodology applicable in cassava breeding programs. </p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. YADAV ◽  
R. K. SINGH ◽  
V. K. DUA ◽  
S SINGH ◽  
SARALA YADAV ◽  
...  

A field experiment was carried out during 2015-16 and 2016-17 at ICAR-Central Potato Research Station, Patna, Bihar, in randomized block design with four replications with objective to quantity the optimum requirement of nitrogen to potato crop. Significantly the highest plant height was recorded with nitrogen level of 300 kg/ha. Distributions of the smallest size of tuber yield of potato were decreasing with increasing the level of nitrogen. There was about 26.0% more yield of the smallest size tuber of potato was recorded with zero nitrogen as compare to the highest level of nitrogen i.e. 300 kg/ha. Increasing the nitrogen over the level of 150 to 225 kg per hectare, increasing the yield of tuber gradually slower rate than nitrogen level from 0 to 150 kg/ha. Total and marketable tuber yield of potato were increasing significantly with increasing level of nitrogen up to 150 kg/ha. There was no significant difference in marketable tuber yield was found for nitrogen level between 150 and 225 kg/ha. Highest (1.66) net benefit cost ratio was also recorded with level of nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha in potato. Hence, application of nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha was found statistically and economically more beneficial for potato cultivation in Eastern Indo-Gangatic plain of India.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Lemma Tessema ◽  
Wassu Mohammed ◽  
Tesfaye Abebe

AbstractA field experiment was conducted in the central highlands of Ethiopia to evaluate the performance of potato varieties for tuber yield and to identify a superior variety in tuber yield and yield components. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at two locations in the central highlands of Ethiopia during the 2017 main cropping season. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the presence of highly significant (P<0.01) differences among varieties over all traits studied. The mean squares for location were also significant in indicating the influence of environments on the traits of the studied varieties. However, the interaction between variety and environment had no significant effect on the performances of the potato varieties to attain 50% flowering, specific gravity and dry matter content indicating a similar performance of these traits across all locations. The variety Belete produced the maximum total tuber yield of 32.8 t ha -1 and marketable tuber yield of 29.1 t ha-1. Conversely, farmers` variety Nech Abeba produced the minimum total tuber yield of 13.8 t ha-1 and marketable tuber yield of 8.4 t ha-1. For most tuber quality traits, viz., tuber specific gravity, dry matter content, starch percentage and total starch yield, varieties Belete and Menagesha were the maximum and minimum producers, respectively. Thus, it could be concluded that varietal and environmental variations as well as their interaction had considerable influence on tuber yield and the potato’s attributes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p39
Author(s):  
Nyasha Sakadzo ◽  
Fortune Tafirenyika ◽  
Kasirayi Makaza

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is a strategic national food security crop in that can be used as a supplement for carbohydrates. It is the fastest growing staple food crop and source of income for poor smallholder farmers. There is limited documentation on effects of earthing up irish potatoes on yield and yield components in Zimbabwe. A field experiment was conducted in Zaka district of Masvingo province in Zimbabwe during the 2018/19 cropping season. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of time of earthing up on yield and yield parameters of BP1 potato variety. The treatments consisted of four levels of time of earthing up (no earthing up (control), three, four and five weeks after plant emergence), replicated three times on a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Results on earthing-up at three weeks recorded significantly (P<0.013) the highest total tuber yield (21.97 t ha-1) which is 10% higher compared to no earthing up which recorded 14.43 t ha-1. Moreover, earthing up at two weeks had the least number of greening tuber yield (3%), 11% pest damaged tuber yield, 6% unmarketable tuber yield and 45% marketable tuber yield. This is in contrast with no earthing up which recorded 91% greening tuber yield, 25.3% on pest damaged tubers, 59% on unmarketable tubers and 10% marketable tuber yield. Based on the results, first earthing up should be done at three weeks after complete plant emergence at the study area under rain fed conditions for the production of potatoes with improved yield and better tuber quality.


2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Renato Yagi ◽  
Rogério P Soratto ◽  
Nilceu RX de Nazareno ◽  
Henrique L da Silva ◽  
Alexandre de C Dzierwa

ABSTRACT The usual application of high 4-14-8 NPK fertilizer rates in the potato planting furrows, independently of the soil fertility or nutritional cultivar requirements, has become a paradigm in Brazil. However, the 4-14-8 NPK formula does not always meet the crop needs, and can unbalance the availability of nutrients in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tuber yield and economic results of ‘Atlantic’ potato as affected by rates of 4-14-8 and 6-30-6 NPK formulas applied in the planting furrows. The rates of both NPK formulas were calculated to reach P2O5 rates of 210, 420, and 630 kg ha-1. At each P2O5 rate, the 6-30-6 formula resulted in less 30% N and 65% K2O in the planting furrow compared to 4-14-8 formula. A randomized complete block design in a factorial scheme (2×3)+1, including an unfertilized furrow control, with three replications was used. Only the use of 6-30-6 formula increased the total tuber yield of ‘Atlantic’ potato. The marketable tuber yield reached higher levels (29.8 t ha-1) with higher P2O5 rate (440 kg ha-1) using the 6-30-6 than 4-14-8 formula. The fertilizer rates and formulas NPK did not affect specific gravity of marketable tubers. Therefore, the use of a fertilizer more concentrated in P2O5 that favors smaller contributions of N and K (as the 6-30-6 formula studied in this work) provides lower costs, and greater operational efficiency and profits in relation to the 4-14-8 formula traditionally used for the potato crop.


1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Wall ◽  
George H. Friesen

The effects of different periods of green foxtail competition on the components of potato yield were investigated. Delaying the removal of green foxtail for 2 wk following crop emergence reduced total and marketable tuber yield by 19 and 29%, respectively, when averaged over 2 yr. Similarly, the number and average weight of marketable tubers were reduced by 24 and 6%, respectively. The proportion of unmarketable tubers comprising the total yield increased as the duration of weed competition was increased. Successively longer periods of green foxtail competition further decreased the measured parameters.


2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
MM Anwar ◽  
A Parveen ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
NU Mahamud ◽  
RK Roy

Potato cultivars grown in Bangladesh have low levels of general resistance to late blight. As such, most commercial potato farmers rely on fungicide applications for control of Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight. Management of late blight of potato requires an integrated approach that includes rotation with non-hosts, resistant cultivars, cultural practices, and fungicides. The study on efficacy of some new fungicides against late blight disease of potato was conducted at ARS, Alamnagar Rangpur during rabi season 2010-2011 to select suitable fungicides against late blight of potato. Thirteen different fungicides were tested and all the tested fungicides showed significantly better performance over control. Considering percentage disease incidence T4,T6 and T12 showed better performance than all other treatment. In case of T4,T6 and T12 treatment disease reduction was more than 80 % over control. Significantly the highest tuber yield 25.5 t ha-1was obtained from T3  which was statistically similar to the yield of T2,T5 , T6, T9, T10, T11and T12  treatment whereas the lowest tuber  yield 14.5 t ha-1 was obtained from control treatment. Field experiment was conducted from 2010 to 2011 to investigate the comparative efficacy of the fungicides. In the field, applications of fungicide that preceded the largest incremental increase in disease incidence provided the best control of disease or increased yield.Progressive Agriculture 26 (2): 103-108, 2015


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