scholarly journals Foliar Application of Fungicides Registered Against Late Blight Influences Main Potato Tuber Diseases and Key Quantitative Characteristics of Tubers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Sedlák ◽  
Vladimíra Sedláková ◽  
Petr Doležal ◽  
Petra Baštová ◽  
Jakub Vašek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Black Scurf ◽  
Silver Scurf ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Tuber Diseases

AbstractAdequate integrated management of potato leaf diseases can have an influence on pathogens which are challenging to control and cause main potato tuber diseases. Deriving from this hypothesis, an experiment was designed to evaluate the efficacy of foliar application of twelve fungicides on late blight in tubers, common scab, black scurf and silver scurf. In the period of 2013 to 2017, the fungicides were equally applied six times in registered doses during the growing seasons. Eight tuber disease indicators and eight yield characteristics were then evaluated in harvested tuber samples. Significant differences were found among the fungicides used. In comparison to the negative control (n. c.), the application of Infinito, Ranman Top and Revus Top reduced the quantity of tubers infected by late blight by 72% on average. The incidence of common scab increased by 65% of n. c. under the effect of copper oxychloride, while an average reduction by 19% of n. c. was observed with the use of Acrobat MZ WG, Curzate Gold and Consento. The occurrence of silver scurf was significantly enhanced by Curzate Gold and Consento (105% of n. c.), while it was suppressed by Revus Top and Revus (85% of n. c.). All fungicides were ineffective on black scurf yet had a positive influence on the potato yield and quality, with the choice of fungicide having a great impact on the quality of tubers. The application of any safe fungicide is important, especially in years similar to 2015, which was the most devastating recent year for potato production in terms of structural changes in yield of tubers.

Characterization of forty-four potato varieties for resistance to common scab, black scurf and silver scurf

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sedláková ◽  
J. Dejmalová ◽  
P. Doležal ◽  
E. Hausvater ◽  
P. Sedlák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Scab ◽  
Black Scurf ◽  
Silver Scurf ◽  
Potato Varieties

scholarly journals Pests and diseases affecting potato landraces and bred varieties grown in Peru under indigenous farming system

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
W. Pérez Barrera ◽  
M. Valverde Miraval ◽  
M. Barreto Bravo ◽  
J. Andrade-Piedra ◽  
G. A. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Black Scurf ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Andean Potato ◽  
Seed Degeneration ◽  
Potato Flea Beetle

The major pests and diseases were identified and quantified on thirteen potato landraces and three bred varieties cultivated in Peru. Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) was the primary biotic constraint affecting plants before flowering with an average severity of 24%. No other pathogens caused severe foliar disease, but black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani) was relatively common on tubers of some genotypes with incidence ranging from 4.30 to 33.33%. The viruses most generally considered important in potato seed degeneration, PVY and PLRV, were extremely rare, with 1.11 and 0.12 % incidence, respectively. Other viruses considered mild, such as PVX and PVS, were more common, with incidence of 28.23 and 22.29 %, respectively. Potato flea beetle (Epitrix spp.), potato leaf beetle (Diabrotica spp.) and Andean potato weevil (Premnotrypes spp.) were common, with incidence of 28.14, 18.75 and 13.61%, respectively. Potato landraces known as Ishkupuru, Lengua de vaca, Chaulina, Chaulina Tajacaja and Negro cayash were identified as potentially resistant to P. infestans.

scholarly journals Alleviation of Lead Toxicity by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Is Related to Elevated Growth, Photosynthesis, and Suppressed Ultrastructural Damages in Oilseed Rape

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Tian ◽  
Basharat Ali ◽  
Yebo Qin ◽  
Zaffar Malik ◽  
Rafaqat A. Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Mesophyll Cell ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Pb Toxicity ◽  
Pb Stress

Lead (Pb) is a widely spread pollutant and leads to diverse morphological and structural changes in the plants. In this study, alleviating role of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in oilseed rape (Brassica napusL.) was investigated with or without foliar application of ALA (25 mg L−1) in hydroponic environment under different Pb levels (0, 100, and 400 µM). Outcomes stated that plant morphology and photosynthetic attributes were reduced under the application of Pb alone. However, ALA application significantly increased the plant growth and photosynthetic parameters under Pb toxicity. Moreover, ALA also lowered the Pb concentration in shoots and roots under Pb toxicity. The microscopic studies depicted that exogenously applied ALA ameliorated the Pb stress and significantly improved the cell ultrastructures. After application of ALA under Pb stress, mesophyll cell had well-developed nucleus and chloroplast having a number of starch granules. Moreover, micrographs illustrated that root tip cell contained well-developed nucleus, a number of mitochondria, and golgi bodies. These results proposed that under 15-day Pb-induced stress, ALA improved the plant growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, and ultrastructural modifications in leaf mesophyll and root tip cells of theB. napusplants.

scholarly journals Comparison of Assays for Measuring Sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans Isolates to Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 1167-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sedegui ◽  
R. B. Carroll ◽  
A. L. Morehart ◽  
R. A. Hamlen ◽  
R. J. Power
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Systemic Fungicides ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Laboratory Assay

Pathogenic strains of Phytophthora infestans insensitive to phenylamide have been reported from around the world and are responsible for a lack of late blight control in both potatoes and tomatoes. In vivo laboratory assay methods used to determine the sensitivity of P. infestans to fungicides include floating of leaflet disks on fungicide suspension and the use of potato tuber disks. In our study, these two methods were compared with a new detached-leaf assay. The fungicides chlorothalonil (protective), oxadixyl and metalaxyl (systemic), and cymoxanil (locally systemic) were utilized. Phenylamide-insensitive and -sensitive genotypes of P. infestans were used as inoculum. Significant differences between preventive and systemic fungicides were found, and all assay methods differentiated between phenylamide-sensitive and -insensitive genotypes of P. infestans. Differences among assays were significant when comparing mean inhibitory values. There was no significant difference between the detached leaf and the tuber disk assay, but both methods were significantly different from the floating-leaflet disk assay.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Potato Cropping System Approaches and Water Management on Soilborne Diseases and Soil Microbial Communities

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Larkin ◽  
C. Wayne Honeycutt ◽  
Timothy S. Griffin ◽  
O. Modesto Olanya ◽  
John M. Halloran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Scab ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Black Scurf ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Community Characteristics ◽  
Soilborne Diseases ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
System Approaches

Four different potato cropping systems, designed to address specific management goals of soil conservation, soil improvement, disease suppression, and a status quo standard rotation control, were evaluated for their effects on soilborne diseases of potato and soil microbial community characteristics. The status quo system (SQ) consisted of barley underseeded with red clover followed by potato (2-year). The soil-conserving system (SC) featured an additional year of forage grass and reduced tillage (3-year, barley/timothy–timothy–potato). The soil-improving system (SI) added yearly compost amendments to the SC rotation, and the disease-suppressive system (DS) featured diverse crops with known disease-suppressive capability (3-year, mustard/rapeseed–sudangrass/rye–potato). Each system was also compared with a continuous potato control (PP) and evaluated under both irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Data collected over three potato seasons following full rotation cycles demonstrated that all rotations reduced stem canker (10 to 50%) relative to PP. The SQ, SC, and DS systems reduced black scurf (18 to 58%) relative to PP; SI reduced scurf under nonirrigated but not irrigated conditions; and scurf was lower in DS than all other systems. The SQ, SC, and DS systems also reduced common scab (15 to 45%), and scab was lower in DS than all other systems. Irrigation increased black scurf and common scab but also resulted in higher yields for most rotations. SI produced the highest yields under nonirrigated conditions, and DS produced high yields and low disease under both irrigation regimes. Each cropping system resulted in distinctive changes in soil microbial community characteristics as represented by microbial populations, substrate utilization, and fatty acid methyl-ester (FAME) profiles. SI tended to increase soil moisture, microbial populations, and activity, as well result in higher proportions of monounsaturated FAMEs and the FAME biomarker for mycorrhizae (16:1 ω6c) relative to most other rotations. DS resulted in moderate microbial populations and activity but higher substrate richness and diversity in substrate utilization profiles. DS also resulted in relatively higher proportions of FAME biomarkers for fungi (18:2 ω6c), actinomycetes, and gram-positive bacteria than most other systems, whereas PP resulted in the lowest microbial populations and activity; substrate richness and diversity; proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FAME classes; and fungal, mycorrhizae, and actinomycete FAME biomarkers of all cropping systems. Overall, soil water, soil quality, and soilborne diseases were all important factors affecting productivity, and cropping systems addressing these constraints improved production. Cropping system approaches will need to balance these factors to achieve sustainable production and disease management.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of the Plant Pathogen Streptomyces sp. Strain 11-1-2

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Bown ◽  
Dawn R. D. Bignell
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Filamentous Bacterium ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Thaxtomin A

ABSTRACT Streptomyces sp. strain 11-1-2 is a Gram-positive filamentous bacterium that was isolated from a common scab lesion on a potato tuber. The strain is highly pathogenic to plants but does not produce the virulence-associated Streptomyces phytotoxin thaxtomin A. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Streptomyces sp. 11-1-2.

scholarly journals Identifying sources of resistance to late blight and black scurf, and other economically useful traits among interspecific potato hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Z. Z. Evdokimova ◽  
M. V. Kalashnik
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Black Scurf ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Promising Source

Background. This publication presents the results of a four-year (2016–2019) study undertaken to assess potato hybrids from the nurseries of preliminary tests and the nursery of the second tuber generation for their resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary and Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn in the environments of Leningrad Province. Potato forms with a set of economically useful traits were identified as promising source material for further breeding.Materials and methods. The study covered the interspecific hybrids developed on the basis of the following species: Solanum vernei Bitt. et Wittm., S. megistacrolobum Bitt., S. chacoense Bitt., S. demissum Lindl., S. verrucosum Schelechtd., S. stoloniferum Schlechtd., S. polytrichon Rydb., S. andigenum Yuz. et Buk., S. rybinii Yuz. et Buk., and S. tuberosum Lindl. Late blight and black scurf resistance tests were performed using the methods approved for the potato selection technology.Results and conclusions. The possibility to select potato genotypes with high and medium resistance of their tops and tubers was ascertained under severe natural infection with P. infestans and R. solani. In the preliminary test nursery, from 4.0 to 62.0% of the tested accessions demonstrated high plant top resistance to late blight, and from 21.6 to 58.0% possessed tuber resistance. The analysis of resistance to black scurf showed that the average score for several years in the preliminary test nursery ranged from 6.3 to 7.6 points (the scale from 9 down to 1), while the percentage of highly resistant accessions was in the range of 25.9–70.7%. In the nursery of the second tuber generation, the average resistance across the years of study varied from 6.3 to 7.8 points, with the percentage of highly resistant hybrids ranging from 27.0 to 87.1%. The selected hybrids were distinguished by their increased productivity (31.4–42.9 t/ha), high marketability of tubers (89–98%), and dry matter content (16.6–19.5%). Source material with a set of economically useful features promising for breeding was identified. 

scholarly journals First Report of Sweet potato leaf curl Georgia virus on Sweet Potato in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1388-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Qin ◽  
Z. Zhang ◽  
Z. Qiao ◽  
Q. Qiao ◽  
D. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leaf Curl

Begomoviruses infecting sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) are phylogenetically distinct from other members of the genus Begomovirus, and have been named “sweepoviruses” (1). Sweepoviruses cause sweet potato yield losses and cultivar decline, and have been found in China (1,3). In 2011, a survey was conducted to determine the incidence, genetic diversity, and distribution of sweepoviruses in China. Thirty sweet potato cuttings showing upward leaf curl, leaf roll, chlorosis, and stunting were collected from fields in Jiangsu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Shanxi, Henan, and Hebei Provinces. Five-leaf growth stage I. setosa plants were inoculated by side-grafting with scions from these samples, and grown in an insect-proof greenhouse in 20-cm-diameter clay pots. Each sample was grafted onto three replicate plants. Healthy, non-grafted I. setosa plants were used as the negative control treatment. Total nucleic acids were extracted from 100 mg fresh leaves harvested 30 days post-inoculation (dpi) from symptomatic and negative control plants using the Universal Genomic DNA Extraction Kit (TaKaRa, Dalian, China). Universal primers for amplification of Geminiviruses (BM-V [5′-KSGGGTCGACGTCATCAATGACGTTRTAC-3′] and BM-C [5′-AARGAATTCATKGGGGCCCARARRGACTGGC-3′]) (2) were used to amplify the begomovirus A component by PCR assay. A DNA fragment of the expected size (2.8 kb) was obtained from grafted leaf samples of the Hebei Province plant, and was cloned into the pMD-19T vector (TaKaRa). The recombinant plasmid was transformed into competent cells of Escherichia coli strain JM109, and the inserted fragment sequenced. The nucleotide sequence obtained (GenBank Accession No. JX448368) was 2,785 nt long, and contained two open reading frames (ORFs) in the virion sense, and four ORFs in the complementary sense, similar to other monopartite begomoviruses (1). The sequence was compared with sequences in GenBank using BLAST. The results revealed the greatest nucleotide sequence identity, 90.8%, with that of the Sweet potato leaf curl Georgia virus (SPLCGV) from Georgia, United States (AF326775). The sequence also shared identities of <89% with other sweepoviruses, and was therefore designated SPLCGV-China: Hebei: 2011. Comparison of the complete genome sequence of SPLCGV-China: Hebei: 2011 with SPLCGV revealed an 18 nucleotide insertion between AV-1 and AC-3. The results confirmed that the sweet potato sample from which SPLCGV-China: Hebei: 2011 was obtained was infected with SPLCGV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the natural occurrence of SPLCGV in China. This study will assist with understanding the presence of this virus and genetic diversity of sweepoviruses in China. References: (1) H. P. Bi and P. Zhang. Arch. Virol. 157:441, 2012. (2) R. W. Briddon and P. G. Markham. Mol. Biotechnol. 1:202, 1994. (3) Y. S. Luan et al. Virus Genes 35:379, 2007.

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