scholarly journals Staged entrepreneurship: the formation of hybrid and spawning entrepreneurial intentions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Brändle ◽  
Andreas Kuckertz
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Career Transitions ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Entrepreneurial Entry ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

AbstractMost individuals find their way into entrepreneurship through combinations of self-employment and paid employment. However, prior research on entrepreneurial intentions has overlooked intended career transitions. Drawing on social cognitive career theory, we argue that, against the background of personal and environmental factors, individuals form career intentions that involve the combination of and transition between paid employment and self-employment. Such staged entrepreneurial intentions include the delay of entrepreneurial entry by intermediate stages of paid employment (i.e., spawning entrepreneurial intentions) or immediate entrepreneurial entry in parallel combination with paid employment at established organizations (i.e., hybrid entrepreneurial intentions). We test these theoretical ideas based on a survey involving 1003 individuals prior to career entry. The results indicate that individuals proactively align their envisioned career stages according to expected socio-cognitive enablers and barriers (i.e., their entrepreneurial self-efficacy, personal attitudes to entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and socioeconomic status). Notably, we find that individuals with lower levels of perceived social support for an entrepreneurial career more likely intend to combine their existing entrepreneurial activities with a conventional career at an established organization. Furthermore, individuals from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds as well as women are more likely to delay entrepreneurial entry by starting their professional careers in paid employment. The study’s primary contribution is the introduction of a novel perspective on entrepreneurial intentions based on individuals’ intended career transitions.

Black entrepreneurship: a case study on entrepreneurial activities and ambitions in a South African township

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Preisendoerfer ◽  
Ansgar Bitz ◽  
Frans J. Bezuidenhout
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Black Entrepreneurship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to investigate the current self-employment rate as well as entrepreneurial intentions of the township’s population on the basis of an empirical case study of a single township. It is often assumed that the black population of South Africa (mostly living in townships) has a low participation rate in entrepreneurial activities and a low level of entrepreneurial ambitions. Besides the level of entrepreneurship, personal and socio-economic factors affecting participation in entrepreneurship are explored. Design/methodology/approach – The article uses a face-to-face survey of about 350 adult residents of the township under investigation. Findings – Contrary to the common assumption, entrepreneurial activity, which also includes all kinds of informal business ventures, cannot be qualified as low in the township under investigation. The same holds true for entrepreneurial ambitions, that is, people’s intentions to start their own business in the near future. The factors influencing the probability of self-employment are similar to what we know from many other studies in the field of entrepreneurship. Socio-demographic attributes (gender, age), human capital factors (schooling, health) and social network resources (membership of organizations, self-employed friends) are significant predictors of entrepreneurial activity. It proves to be difficult, however, to explain who, in fact, articulates entrepreneurial ambitions. Practical implications – The findings show that the basic prerequisites for expanding black entrepreneurship in South Africa are in place. Politically, it seems appropriate to initiate more public support programs for black entrepreneurship, as such programs can help to translate entrepreneurial ambitions into action. However, to stay realistic, the contribution of entrepreneurship to overcome the structural problems of deprivation and poverty of the black population of South Africa should not be overestimated. Originality/value – The article is based on a careful survey in a township using a random sample. Given the rare access to a disadvantaged township community, the result that there is no evidence of “lack of entrepreneurial impetus” deserves scientific and political attention.

In times of uncertainty: do temporary workers have the intention and willingness to become entrepreneurs?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia Fernandes Costa ◽  
António Caetano ◽  
Susana Correia Santos
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
The Self ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Career Option ◽  
Entrepreneurial Competencies ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Different Levels

Temporary workers are an increasingly representative group in the labour market. They work in precarious situations and are aware that stability and predictability of employment are no longer guaranteed. Entrepreneurship may be an alternative for these workers, even in the form of self-employment. The purpose of this study is to analyse the entrepreneurial intentions and the willingness to consider entrepreneurship as a career option by temporary workers. Specifically, we aim to analyse the self-perception of entrepreneurial competencies of a group of temporary workers. Drawing from our results we conclude that the self-perception of different levels of entrepreneurial competencies is associated with different intentions and willingness to considering entrepreneurship as a career option. This study is a first step in understanding how temporary workers in a changing labour market perceive entrepreneurship as well as their skills to engage in entrepreneurial activities as a career option.

Using Social Cognitive Career Theory to Predict Self-Employment Goals

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry Segal ◽  
Dan Borgia ◽  
Jerry Schoenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive Career Theory ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Career Theory ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Social Cognitive Career

Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT; Lent, Brown, and Hackett 1994, 1996) proposes that career interests, goals, and choices are related to self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectations. It suggests that peopleʼs self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectations with regard to self-employment would predict their goals to become selfemployed. This study explores the ability of SCCT to predict goals for self-employment in a sample of 115 undergraduate business students. Results indicated that students with higher entrepreneurial self-efficacy and higher self-employment outcome expectations had higher intentions to become self-employed. These findings imply that educators and policy-makers may boost student entrepreneurial intentions by (1) enhancing studentsʼ confidence to succeed in an entrepreneurial career and (2) enhancing studentsʼ expectations of strong positive outcomes resulting from an entrepreneurial career

scholarly journals The impact of the international crisis on the entrepreneurial intentions of refugees

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne H.B. Welsh ◽  
Dalia Othman ◽  
Baker Alserhan ◽  
Jusuf Zeqiri ◽  
Amro Al-Madadha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Impact

PurposeWe investigate the entrepreneurial intentions of a population under crisis — namely, recent Syrian refugees in Jordan — and Jordanian citizens to start small businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachUsing a structured two-part survey, data were collected through online self-reported questionnaires in which respondents subjectively reported self-perceptions. The first part dealt with respondents’ characteristics and the second with their entrepreneurial intentions. The survey took place in Jordan, sampling Jordanian citizens and Syrian refugees. A nonprobability sampling technique was used to collect the data.FindingsThe results show that net desirability for self-employment, tolerance for risk and self-efficacy are related to entrepreneurial intentions. We find significant differences between the Syrian refugees and the Jordanian citizens in terms of risk-taking and self-efficacy as determinants of engagement in entrepreneurial activities.Originality/valueThis study offers guidance to institutions working with refugees during times of crisis. Implications are discussed.

Entrepreneurship education and undergraduate students’ self- and paid-employment intentions

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Otache
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Graduate Unemployment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conceptually explore the relationship between Entrepreneurship Education (EE) and undergraduate students’ self- and paid-employment intentions. Specifically, the paper aims to examine the effect of paid-employment intention on the relationship between EE and self-employment intention. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviewed extensively related literature on EE, entrepreneurial intentions and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The detailed literature review undertaken formed the basis for the development of the conceptual framework. Findings It is found that undergraduate students have two opposing employment intentions within them, namely, self- and paid-employment intentions. The two employment intentions interact and have a tendency to dominate each other, and consequently lead to different employment behaviours. The dominant employment intention determines whether a graduate will exhibit self- or paid-employment behaviour. This confirms that graduates are faced with two career paths or choices, namely, self- and paid-employment. Research limitations/implications It is not an empirical paper. Thus, the conceptual framework needs to be further empirically tested. More specifically, the proposition that undergraduate students’ paid-employment intentions moderate the impact of EE on their self-employment intentions needs to be empirically validated. Practical implications This paper provides some insightful and practical implications for the government and the policymakers in the education sector, particularly in tackling the menace of graduate unemployment and its associated problems. It provides an insight into the problem of graduate unemployment. The government and the policymakers should initiate enlightenment programmes that will reorient undergraduate students away from having the mentality of securing paid-jobs after graduation. Equally, undergraduate students should be enlightened about the difficulties in securing paid-jobs and the benefits of being a self-employed graduate. Originality/value It is the first to explore the moderating effect of undergraduate students’ paid-employment intentions on the relationship between EE and their self-employment intentions. Therefore, it makes a valuable contribution to the existing literature on EE and entrepreneurial intentions. It further strengthens the TPB by applying it to explain how undergraduate students’ paid-employment intentions could neutralise the impact of EE on their self-employment intentions.

New Dimensions of Self-Employment among Asian Americans in Los Angeles and New York

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Le
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Professional Service ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
High Skill

This article uses census data from the 2006–08 American Community Survey to illustrate the range of Asian American entrepreneurial activities in the Los Angeles and the New York City areas and finds that Los Angeles self-employment is characterized by emerging high-skill “professional service” industries while New York continues to be dominated by low-skill traditional “enclave-associated” niches. Within these patterns, there are also notable interethnic and generational differences. I discuss their socioeconomic implications and policy recommendations to facilitate a gradual shift of Asian American entrepreneurship toward more professional service activities that reflect the demographic evolution of the Asian American community and the ongoing dynamics of globalization.

Rural Dalit Women Entrepreneurs and Development Scenario: A Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaldass M. ◽  
Neema Gnanadev
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Dalit Women ◽  
Integral Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Village

Pandit Nehru affirmed that women development/ empowerment is the basis for the substantial growth of a family, a village, or a nation. Development/upliftment of women is an essential ingredient of human development. Entrepreneurship development among the rural women folk would strengthen the village economy and promote regional development. The women entrepreneurs have proved that there is a source of immense untapped power in the womanhood of India (Margaret, 1992). Women undoubtedly are the backbone of the socio-economic-cultural aspects in the hill scenario. The subsistence agriculture which leads to low and unstable incomes, which in turn lead to a sizeable out-migration of male members that leads to only women headed families behind, and the role of women in the household economy becomes more important (Rawat, 2004). In the midst of limited opportunities, tough terrains and lack of resources, the contribution of women entrepreneurs to the society is enormous. An attempt was made to highlight the strategies and development aspects of rural women entrepreneurs in Almora district. Entrepreneurs who are engaged in self-employment and innovative entrepreneurial activities were selected for the study. A total of 50 samples were selected and the data were collected through interviews and focus groups. The study reveals various aspects related to rural women entrepreneurship and constraints that need attention so to empower women in their efforts toward integral development.

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