scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the willingness to sacrifice for the environment: The Austrian case

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Klösch ◽  
Rebecca Wardana ◽  
Markus Hadler
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Environmental Attitudes ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Free Society ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Willingness To Sacrifice ◽  
Austrian Case

AbstractPrevious analyses of environmentally conscious intentions showed that the willingness to sacrifice for the environment decreased during the COVID-19 crisis in Austria. There is a large body of empirical research and theoretical models dealing with the explanation of environmental behavior, but these explanations have always been considered in the context of a pandemic-free society. The aim of this research note is therefore to consider the willingness to sacrifice in a crisis period. The data used for the analyses is the Austrian part of the international ‘Values in Crisis’ survey. For this purpose, more than 2000 individuals were surveyed online about their values, social orientations and their current life situation during the first COVID-19 wave (May 2020). Blockwise regression models are used to examine the influence of crisis perceptions, environmental attitudes and values on the willingness to sacrifice for the environment. The analyses show a relatively strong influence of environmental attitudes and values, but also additional effects of concerns about the COVID-19 crisis and especially its economic impact.

Low Resting Heart Rate and Antisocial Behavior

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1125-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. Armstrong ◽  
Shawn Keller ◽  
Travis W. Franklin ◽  
Scott N. Macmillan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Peer Delinquency ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
The Relationship

Despite a large body of research demonstrating a clear and consistent relationship between resting heart rate and antisocial behavior, little is understood about the relative influence on antisocial behavior of resting heart rate and other constructs central to criminological theories. Here, the authors offer an initial effort to bridge this gap in the literature by testing the relationship between resting heart rate and a measure of antisocial behavior net of attachment to parents, self-control, peer delinquency, and potential physiological confounds. Results from ANOVA show that those with low resting heart rates have significantly higher rates of severe antisocial behavior and aggressive antisocial behavior net of physiological confounds. Results from multivariate regression models show that low resting heart rate has a statistically significant relationship with severe antisocial behavior and aggressive behavior in models controlling for attachment to parents, self-control, peer delinquency, and physiological confounds.

scholarly journals Speciation with gene flow in marine systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Gerrit Potkamp ◽  
Charles H.J.M. Fransen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Tropical Fish ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Disruptive Selection ◽  
Marine Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Marine Realm

Over the last century, a large body of literature emerged on mechanisms driving speciation. Most of the research into these questions focussed on terrestrial systems, while research in marine systems lagged behind. Here, we review the population genetic mechanisms and geographic context of 33 potential cases of speciation with gene flow in the marine realm, using six criteria inferred from theoretical models of speciation. Speciation with gene flow occurs in a wide range of marine taxa. Single traits, which induce assortative mating and are subjected to disruptive selection, such as differences in host-associations in invertebrates or colour pattern in tropical fish, are potentially responsible for a decrease in gene flow and may be driving divergence in the majority of cases. However, much remains unknown, and with the current knowledge, the frequency of ecological speciation with gene flow in marine systems remains difficult to estimate. Standardized, generally applicable statistical methods, explicitly testing different hypotheses of speciation, are, going forward, required to confidently infer speciation with gene flow.

scholarly journals A test of inflated zeros for Poisson regression models

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1157-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua He ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Peng Ye ◽  
Wan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Type I ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Poisson Models ◽  
Zero Inflated Poisson Models ◽  
Vuong Test

Excessive zeros are common in practice and may cause overdispersion and invalidate inference when fitting Poisson regression models. There is a large body of literature on zero-inflated Poisson models. However, methods for testing whether there are excessive zeros are less well developed. The Vuong test comparing a Poisson and a zero-inflated Poisson model is commonly applied in practice. However, the type I error of the test often deviates seriously from the nominal level, rendering serious doubts on the validity of the test in such applications. In this paper, we develop a new approach for testing inflated zeros under the Poisson model. Unlike the Vuong test for inflated zeros, our method does not require a zero-inflated Poisson model to perform the test. Simulation studies show that when compared with the Vuong test our approach not only better at controlling type I error rate, but also yield more power.

scholarly journals Is using ICT at home good or bad for learning? A cross-country comparison of the impact of home use of ICT for entertainment and learning on PISA 2015 Science test results

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Hatos
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Ict Use ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Science Test ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

There is much contradiction in the results of recent research results concerning the impact of ICT home use by students on learning. Despite the availability of the large body of data from the PISA 2015 survey in which respondents from 47 countries answered the ICT use modules, the research results are still far from conclusive either. Consequently, the purpose of the present research is to explore the cross-country variation of the impact of ICT use at home for entertainment and for learning on the Science test results obtained by students in PISA 2015. More specifically, linear regression models of PISA 2015 Science test results at country-level will be ran, then the variations in betas of the regression models for the 47 countries will be statistically investigated including correlations with other presumably important country-level descriptors. The main conclusions are that is erroneous to expect for positive or negative general effects, as most probably they depend on country-level features, and that the impact of home use, for learning and for entertainment respectively, of ICT are in a kind of homeopathic negative cross-country relationship.

How do Saudis complain?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Abdel Salam El-Dakhs ◽  
Jawaher Nasser Al-Haqbani ◽  
Manal A. Althaqafi ◽  
Shorouq Al-Fouzan
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Small Influence ◽  
Saudi Arabic ◽  
Complaint Behavior

Abstract The current study adopts a dialogue-analytic approach to the examination of complaint behavior in Saudi Arabic as spoken in the Najd region, the central region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To this end, role-plays with 120 Saudi nationals who are Najdi-speakers were recorded and transcribed. Statistical comparisons revealed that Najdis used a variety of complaint strategies with requests for repair, expressing annoyance and providing modified blame being the most frequent. Najdis also produced a large number of initiators and internal and external modifiers, mainly to mitigate the negative force of complaints. Although a small influence was found for gender, the variables of age, social distance and social dominance showed a strong influence on the Najdis’ complaint behavior. The results are discussed in light of relevant theoretical models and the existing literature.

scholarly journals Simple determination of the axial stiffness for largediameter independent wire rope core or fibre core wire ropes

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Raoof ◽  
T. J Davies
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Wire Rope ◽  
Axial Stiffness ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Wire Ropes ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Iterative Procedures

Raoof and Kraincanic recently developed two somewhat different theoretical models for analysing large-diameter wire ropes with either an independent wire rope core (IWRC) or a fibre core. Most importantly, unlike all of the previously available theories (with their often very lengthy mathematical formulations), very encouraging correlations have been found between Raoof and Kraincanic's theoretical predictions of wire rope axial stiffnesses and a fairly large body of experimental data from other sources, hence providing ample support for the reliability of both theoretical models. Raoof and Kraincanic's original models were, however, computer based and involved certain iterative procedures. This potential drawback for practical applications (in an area where, by tradition, the rule of thumb reigns supreme) is overcome in the present paper, which reports details of some simplified (but still accurate) procedures for predicting the no-slip and/or full-slip axial stiffnesses of wire ropes with either an independent wire rope core or a fibre core, with the proposed formulations being amenable to simple hand calculations using a pocket calculator, which is of value to busy practising engineers.

scholarly journals The Herbig-Haro Objects - Breakup of Protostellar Cocoons

1978 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 324-324
Author(s):  
M.A. Dopita
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Pressure ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Velocity Fields ◽  
Type Star ◽  
Interstellar Clouds ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Plane Parallel ◽  
Internal Velocity ◽  
Shock Fronts

From a large body of data gathered on the 3.9 metre AAT and the 2 metre and 76 cm telescopes at Mount Stromlo including absolute photometry, quantitative spectrometry and studies of internal velocity fields, the Herbig-Haro objects are shown to be radiating shock fronts in the ISM. Physical conditions are found by comparison with theoretical models of plane-parallel shock fronts. Shock velocities in the range 30–150 km/sec are observed, and the densities in the interstellar clouds in which the objects are embedded found to be 80–400 cm". Extinction at Hg ranges up to 4.4 mag. Parameters are found to be consistent with the radiation pressure driven breakup of a dust cocoon around a newly formed B-type star.

scholarly journals Dopamine, Prediction Error and Beyond

2020 ◽  
pp. 107385842090759
Author(s):  
Kelly M. J. Diederen ◽  
Paul C. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Error ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Mental Pathology

A large body of work has linked dopaminergic signaling to learning and reward processing. It stresses the role of dopamine in reward prediction error signaling, a key neural signal that allows us to learn from past experiences, and that facilitates optimal choice behavior. Latterly, it has become clear that dopamine does not merely code prediction error size but also signals the difference between the expected value of rewards, and the value of rewards actually received, which is obtained through the integration of reward attributes such as the type, amount, probability and delay. More recent work has posited a role of dopamine in learning beyond rewards. These theories suggest that dopamine codes absolute or unsigned prediction errors, playing a key role in how the brain models associative regularities within its environment, while incorporating critical information about the reliability of those regularities. Work is emerging supporting this perspective and, it has inspired theoretical models of how certain forms of mental pathology may emerge in relation to dopamine function. Such pathology is frequently related to disturbed inferences leading to altered internal models of the environment. Thus, it is critical to understand the role of dopamine in error-related learning and inference.

scholarly journals Environmental attitudes and energy consumption among tenants in a high-rise multi-unit residential building in Toronto, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Zare Mohazabieh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Environmental Attitudes ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
High Rise

The influence that environmental knowledge and belief have on people’s behaviour is one of the important issues in the fields of engineering, environmental study, management and other related areas. However, currently, there is not enough study on household energy use at an occupant level or on evaluation of elements that can affect household's energy use such as environmental knowledge and pro-environmental attitudes in Canadian MURBs. As such, studying household’s energy use and the interrelated effects on their energy consumption is believed to be a crucial step towards reducing energy consumption. Considering the significance of the issues stated above, the present study attempts to evaluate energy consumption and its possible correlation with environmental attitudes among the tenants of a Toronto high-rise multi-unit residential building. The research methodology is based on a quantitative survey method, and the focus of the study is on historical annual energy consumption from April 2011 to June 2013. The main tool for collecting data is a developed questionnaire, and Dunlap’s NEP scale is used for measuring environmental attitudes. With regards to data analysis, the survey data and historical energy consumption data from April 2011 to June 2013 were analysed. The statistical sample size consisted of the 50 tenants who completed the NEP survey from July 29 to August 18, 2014. The detailed statistical results show that there is a negative correlation between environmentally-conscious attitude and energy consumption of the participants which is in agreement with the study’s presented hypothesis. In essence, this means that having high environmentally-conscious attitudes towards the energy consumption has a positive effect on occupant’s energy consumption level.

Toward a Student-Centered Measure of Learning Management System Utilization

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Malm ◽  
Joanna F. Defranco
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Empirical Measure ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
System Utilization ◽  
Hybrid Classes ◽  
Learning Management ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact

Colleges and universities have spent significant financial and human resources deploying and promoting educational technologies, including Learning Management Systems (LMS). A large body of research now exists on the impact of technology on student learning, including the roles of blended learning, hybrid classes, and distance learning. Yet, despite all of this work, there are surprisingly few policy-focused tools available to assess whether these investments are paying off in the classroom. This article describes a student-centered measure of LMS utilization, average number of student logins per student, as a primary tool for policymakers. While no single measure of LMS utilization will ever answer all needs, the authors argue that a student-centered empirical measure could help move policy discussions forward in important ways. Complementary to theoretical models that focus on faculty adoption, a student-centered approach provides a basic measure of how often technology is being used by the learner. The article illustrates several ways in which the proposed empirical measure could be used to spur dialog about the use of academic technologies on campus.

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