scholarly journals Control of Platinum Loss in WEEE Smelting

JOM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 2770-2777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lassi Klemettinen ◽  
Katri Avarmaa ◽  
Hugh O’Brien ◽  
Ari Jokilaakso ◽  
Pekka Taskinen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Iron Silicate ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Dissolution Mechanism ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Platinum Alloy ◽  
Iron Platinum ◽  
Solid Iron

AbstractIn spite of significant economic value, the solubilities of the platinum group and precious metals in metallurgical copper smelting slags are not well known. Recent experimental information on iron-free and low-iron silicate melts indicates that the chemical solubility of platinum is very low, < 1 ppmw (part per million weight). In this study, the concentration of platinum in alumina spinel-saturated iron silicate slags in equilibrium with a solid iron-platinum alloy was measured as a function of oxygen partial pressure at 1300°C. The results were converted to unit activity of platinum by the thermodynamic properties of the iron-platinum alloy formed. This allowed the mechanism of dissolution of platinum in the slag and the forms of platinum species in alumina-rich iron silicate slags in copper scrap smelting and refining conditions to be obtained. Our findings explain some inconsistent results in the geochemical literature by proposing an anionic dissolution mechanism at low oxygen partial pressures in iron-containing silicate slags.

scholarly journals Dimensi Ekonomi Produktif dalam Regulasi Wakaf di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Solikhul Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Productivity Factor ◽  
Article 5

<p><em>Waqf is a form of worship in Islam which has productive economic value. And Law no. 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf has opportunities for economic development for the benefit of social welfare. For this reason, it is necessary to have a study that analyzes the Waqf Law from a productive economy perspective. In this study, using content analysis method, which is an in-depth discussion of the content of written or printed information. In this case Law No.41 of 2014 concerning Waqf seeks to be coherent with productive economic theory. And the theory used as an analysis tool is the productive economic theory of Qutub Abdul Salam, in terms of the dimensions of productive economic goals and the main factors needed. Thus, this research actually aims to find the coherence of the articles in the Waqf Law with the Productive Economic Theory developed by Qutub Abdul Salam. From the results of data collection and analysis, it can be concluded that the Waqf Law is kohern with productive economic theory. The purpose of productive economic activities is to increase the benefit that can be realized in various forms, including: Meeting human needs at a moderate level, finding community needs and their fulfillment, providing supplies of goods / services in the future and fulfilling the means for social activities and worship of Allah. Among the articles in the Waqf Law which are coherent with productive economic objectives is article 5 of the Waqf Law, which explains that waqf functions to realize the economic potential and benefits of waqf assets for the benefit of worship and to promote public welfare. In productive economic theory, the productivity factors of a business include four things: natural resources, managers / workers, skills and capital. The natural resource factor as one of the factors in the development of the productive economy is coherent with the Waqf Law, namely waqf objects in the form of land, buildings or other immovable objects. The productivity factor in the form of managers or workers managing and carrying out waqf assets is nazir which includes; individual, organization, or legal entity. Skill is a very important productivity factor in managing waqf assets. Nazir as the manager of the waqf will receive guidance from the Minister of Religion and the Indonesian Waqf Board (BWI) both in terms of skills and managerial. And the capital factor in the context of the management of waqf assets is the object of waqf. In the Law on Waqf the objects of waqf include movable and immovable objects. With the issuance of the Waqf Law No. 41 of 2014, immovable objects have become important assets in the development of productive waqf. Movable property that cannot be used up due to consumption includes: money, precious metals, securities, vehicles, intellectual property rights, lease rights and other movable objects in accordance with the provisions of sharia and applicable laws and regulations.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p>

scholarly journals Behavior of Waste Printed Circuit Board (WPCB) Materials in the Copper Matte Smelting Process

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingbang Wan ◽  
Jani Fellman ◽  
Ari Jokilaakso ◽  
Lassi Klemettinen ◽  
Miikka Marjakoski
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Melting Behavior ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Boards

The amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in the world has grown rapidly during recent decades, and with the depletion of primary ores, there is urgent need for industries to study new sources for metals. Waste printed circuit boards (WPCB) are a part of WEEE, which have a higher concentration of copper and precious metals when compared to primary ore sources. PCB materials can be processed using pyrometallurgical routes, and some industrial processes, such as copper flash smelting, have utilized this type of waste in limited amounts for years. For the purpose of recycling these materials through smelting processes, this work studied the behavior of WPCB scrap when dropped on top of molten slag. A series of experiments was carried out during this research at a temperature of 1350 °C, in an inert atmosphere with different melting times. The time required for complete melting of the PCB pieces was 2–5 min, after which molten alloy droplets containing Cu, Pb, Sn, Ni, Au, and Ag formed and started descending toward the bottom of the crucible. The ceramic fraction of the PCB material mixed with slag and the polymer fraction was pyrolyzed during the high-temperature experiments. The results give an understanding of PCB melting behavior and their use as a part of the smelting furnace feed mixture. However, more research is needed to fully understand how the different elements affect the process as the amount of PCB in the feed increases. The physical behavior and distribution of PCB materials in fayalite slag during the smelting process are outlined, and the results of this work form a basis for future studies about the chemical reaction behavior and kinetics when PCB materials are introduced into the copper smelting process.

scholarly journals Technoeconomic Assessment of Organic Halide Based Gold Recovery from Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Jamie Wordsworth ◽  
Nadia Khan ◽  
Jack Blackburn ◽  
Jason E. Camp ◽  
Athanasios Angelis-Dimakis
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Gold Recovery ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pure Gold ◽  
Organic Halides

Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment (WEEE) is one of the fastest growing waste streams worldwide, with significant economic value due to the precious metals contained within. Currently, only a small share of the total globally produced quantity produced is treated effectively and a large amount of valuable non-renewable resources are being wasted. Moreover, the methods currently applied in industry on a large scale are not always environmentally friendly. Thus, an economically viable and environmentally friendly method that would achieve high recovery of certain elements is sought. The objective of this paper is to assess four different organic halides as leaching agents for gold recovery from WEEE. Two of them have been previously tested (namely N-bromosuccinimide, NBS, and N-chlorosuccinimide, NCS) and have shown promising results, whereas the other two are novel and were selected due to their lower toxicity levels (trichloroisocyanuric acid, TCICA, and tribromoisocyanuric acid, TBICA). Both commercially supplied pure gold powder and WEEE dust from a recycling company were used as the gold source. Results show that from a technical standpoint, the NBS is a superior solution with both substrates, reaching 61% and 99% extraction efficiency from WEEE dust and pure gold, respectively. The other three methods recorded lower recovery efficiency (with the highest value reaching 36% for NCS, 53% for TCICA and 29% for TBICA). However, taking into account the price of gold and the expenses of the extraction process, only three of the lixiviants tested (NBS, NCS and TCICA) could be potentially profitable and viable on a larger scale.

scholarly journals Illegal Circulation of Amber, Jade or other Semi-Precious Stones, Precious Metals, Precious Stones or Pearls: Problems Determined by New Edition of Art. 191 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
A. V. Chernov ◽  
S. V. Gabeev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Precious Stones

Changes made to Art. 191 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation at the end of 2019 in order to eliminate gaps in legislation, in fact, created even more conflicts in the theory and practice of applying criminal and administrative law. The legislator has not fully calculated the risks of the new edition of Art. 191 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The elimination of these risks requires more changes to the federal legislation, the adoption of new by-laws. Within the framework of Art. 191 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation the legislator created a contradiction regarding the qualification of illegal circulation of unique amber formations. Russian legislation does not contain a legal definition of semi-precious stones, clarification of their difference from precious stones. The concept of precious stones does not prove to be successful, since it contains a list-based reference of a particular stone to the category of precious stones, which does not always really reflect the economic value of a particular mineral. The list of semi-precious stones at the level of the Government of Russia has yet to be approved. Taking into account the administrative prejudice as one of the conditions for criminal prosecution for illegal trafficking in semiprecious stones, it should be the same with the list of semi-precious stones established to bring an individual to administrative responsibility for similar offenses. The legislator did not pay attention to the issues of delimiting jewelry and household products and scrap of such products from the subject of crimes under Art. 191 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. An even greater problem is the inconsistency between the norms of administrative and criminal legislation on liability for illegal trafficking in semi-precious stones.

Research Progress on Recovering Valuable Metals from Wasted Circuit Board by Bio-Hydrometallurgy Technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 1130 ◽  
pp. 677-680
Author(s):  
Hai Lin ◽  
Ying Bo Dong ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Microbiological Method ◽  
High Metal Content ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
High Metal

The quantity of circuit boards produced and abandoned has increased with the development of electronics industry. The wasted circuit board has the characters of large amounts, high metal content and harmful to environment, which is known as “urban mines”. The effective recycling of the valuable metals in wasted circuit boards had always been the focus. The characteristics of pyrometallurgical recovery, mechanical recovery and wet recovery, such as low recovery ratio, high cost and environmental pollution fails to recover the precious metals from wasted circuit board. This paper outlines the research progress of using the microbiological method to recycle the metal from waste circuit boards, including the type of main used microbe, reaction mechanism and influencing factors and so on. Additional, this paper discusses the research status about taking advantage of the microbiological method to recycle the metals with high economic value. Finally, it discusses the research direction and prospect of this recycling method.

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