The Effect of Ti-6Al-4V Microstructure, Cutting Speed, and Adiabatic Heating on Segmented Chip Formation and Tool Life

JOM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M. Khawarizmi ◽  
Jiawei Lu ◽  
Dinh S. Nguyen ◽  
Thomas R. Bieler ◽  
Patrick Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Tool Life ◽  
Chip Formation ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Adiabatic Heating ◽  
Segmented Chip

Effect of tool wear on chip formation during dry machining of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, part 1: Effect of gradual tool wear evolution

2015 ◽  
Vol 231 (9) ◽  
pp. 1559-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoujin Sun ◽  
Milan Brandt ◽  
Matthew S Dargusch
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Chip Formation ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Segmented Chip ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Geometric Variables ◽  
On Chip

Geometric features of the segmented chip have been investigated along with the volume of material removed at a cutting speed at which tool wear is characterized by the gradual development of flank wear when cutting Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The chip geometric variables varied with an increase in the volume of material removed as the combined effect of change in tool’s geometry and increase in cutting temperature. Plastic deformation dimples were observed as periodical regions on the machined surface, a row on each undeformed surface and region on the top of the slipping surface of the segmented chip when cutting with new tool; these dimples on the undeformed surface and machined surface are elongated in the direction of chip flow. All these dimples became less with an increase in the volume of material removed and almost disappeared when the chip was removed with the worn tool at the end of its life. A model of segmented chip formation process has been proposed to satisfactorily explain the formation of the plastic deformation dimples on the undeformed surface and machined surface of the segmented chip produced with a new cutting tool and the transition of chip geometry with the evolution of tool wear.

New Development in the Theory of the Metal-Cutting Process: Part II—The Theory of Chip Formation

1961 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Shear Zone ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Chip Formation ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Shear Plane ◽  
Cutting Process ◽  
Chip Formation Mechanism ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Set Up

Introduction of the concept of ploughing into the metal-cutting process lead to the abandoning of the assumption of collinearity of the resultant force on tool face and on the shear plane. With this understanding the tool face force is found to produce a bending effect causing bending stresses in the shear zone. Study of the chip formation mechanism when varying cutting speed showed that increased bending action reduces the shear angle and vice versa. A set-up for the development of an analytical model of the chip formation process based on the combined effect of shear and bending stresses in the shear zone has been given. Application of the gained insight to the design of the cutting tool for maximum tool life by controlling of the chip-tool contact was suggested. Brief introduction to the study of cyclic events in chip formation and their relation to the tool life is presented.

Gezielte Begrenzung der Spandickenschwankungen/Development of a counter element for influencing chip formation when machining titanium. Restriction of chip thickness deviations

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 806-810
Author(s):  
Sebastian Berger ◽  
Jannis Saelzer ◽  
Dirk Biermann
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Chip Formation ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Vibration Damping ◽  
Suitable Choice ◽  
Periodic Excitation ◽  
Segmented Chip ◽  
Titanium Alloy Ti6al4v

Dieser Beitrag stellt die simulative Analyse zum Einfluss eines begrenzenden Elements zur Unterdrückung der Segmentspanbildung bei der Zerspanung der Titanlegierung Ti6Al4V vor. Dabei lässt sich aufzeigen, dass eine spanbildungsinduzierte periodische Anregung des Systems durch die geeignete Wahl von Geometrie und Positionierung des Elementes verhindert werden kann, wodurch sich die Werkzeugstandzeit und die Oberflächenqualität verbessern und schwingungsdämpfende Maßnahmen obsolet werden. This paper presents the simulative analysis of the influence of a counter element for the suppression of segmented chip formation during the machining of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. It is shown that a chip formation induced periodic excitation of the system can be prevented by a suitable choice of geometry and positioning of the element, leading to increased tool life and surface quality as well as making vibration damping methods obsolete.

scholarly journals Study on the Cutting Efficiency of High-Speed Band Saw Blade by Taylor Tool Life and Fractal Equations

2018 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 01001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Hua Wu ◽  
Ming-Shyan Huang ◽  
Cheng-En Jhou ◽  
Chin-Chung Wei
Keyword(s):  
Tool Life ◽  
Chip Formation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Cutting Process ◽  
Cutting Efficiency ◽  
Improvement Rate ◽  
Sawing Process

The study proposed the chip formation steady-state model and cutting efficiency model for multi-cutters by Taylor tool life and fractal equation according to uniform chip thickness in high-speed band sawing process. Furthermore, a kind of new hook-tooth can be successfully applied on continuously uniformed chip formation in order to raise the production precision. The study developed MDOF cutting dynamics, which can be applied on multi-cutting process by Taylor tool life and fractal equations. Factors of affecting band-sawing included the cutting force, the cutting geometry, the cutting heat, the local stress-strain and the chip thickness formation uniformity. These factors had an important influence on tool wear, surface roughness, production precision and cutting efficiency in high-speed sawing process. The simulated results shown that, the wear resistance property is better at coating TiN 0.6 μm. In high-speed cutting process, the cutting improvement rate can be increased at least 13%. While the hook-tooth cutting speed achieved 120 m/min, comparing with non-coating cutting tooth, coating 0.6μm coating-layer can make the temperature decreased, obviously.

Effect of Microstructure on Cutting Force and Chip Formation during Machining of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 2437-2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou Jin Sun ◽  
Milan Brandt ◽  
John P.T. Mo
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Chip Formation ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Lamellar Microstructure ◽  
Chip Morphology ◽  
Dry Machining ◽  
Segmented Chip ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fully Lamellar

Dry machining was conducted on Ti-6Al-4V alloy with three different types of microstructure: globular, bi-modal and fully lamellar microstructures. The effects of cutting speed on the cutting force and chip formation were investigated. The differences in cutting force and chip morphology are found only at cutting speed lower than 100m/min. The main cutting force and chip thickness when machining Ti-6Al-4V alloy with globular microstructure are lower than these when cutting Ti-6Al-4V alloy with bi-modal and fully lamellar microstructures at cutting speed lower than 100m/min. The tendency of segmented chip formation is the highest for cutting Ti-6Al-4V alloy with fully lamellar microstructure and the lowest for machining Ti-6Al-4V alloy with bi-modal microstructure at cutting speed lower than 100m/min because of their differences in increase of shear strength with strain rate.

scholarly journals Machining of Titanium Metal Matrix Composites: Progress Overview

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5011
Author(s):  
Cécile Escaich ◽  
Zhongde Shi ◽  
Luc Baron ◽  
Marek Balazinski
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Titanium Metal ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Tool Wear Mechanisms

The TiC particles in titanium metal matrix composites (TiMMCs) make them difficult to machine. As a specific MMC, it is legitimate to wonder if the cutting mechanisms of TiMMCs are the same as or similar to those of MMCs. For this purpose, the tool wear mechanisms for turning, milling, and grinding are reviewed in this paper and compared with those for other MMCs. In addition, the chip formation and morphology, the material removal mechanism and surface quality are discussed for the different machining processes and examined thoroughly. Comparisons of the machining mechanisms between the TiMMCs and MMCs indicate that the findings for other MMCs should not be taken for granted for TiMMCs for the machining processes reviewed. The increase in cutting speed leads to a decrease in roughness value during grinding and an increase of the tool life during turning. Unconventional machining such as laser-assisted turning is effective to increase tool life. Under certain conditions, a “wear shield” was observed during the early stages of tool wear during turning, thereby increasing tool life considerably. The studies carried out on milling showed that the cutting parameters affecting surface roughness and tool wear are dependent on the tool material. The high temperatures and high shears that occur during machining lead to microstructural changes in the workpiece during grinding, and in the chips during turning. The adiabatic shear band (ASB) of the chips is the seat of the sub-grains’ formation. Finally, the cutting speed and lubrication influenced dust emission during turning but more studies are needed to validate this finding. For the milling or grinding, there are major areas to be considered for thoroughly understanding the machining behavior of TiMMCs (tool wear mechanisms, chip formation, dust emission, etc.).

Investigation on the Tool Wear Model and Equivalent Tool Life in End Milling Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Guo ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Jie Sun ◽  
Vinothkumar Sivalingam
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Carbide Tool ◽  
Wear Model ◽  
Wear Process ◽  
Coated Carbide Tool ◽  
Coated Carbide

Titanium alloys are widely utilized in aerospace thanks to their excellent combination of high-specific strength, fracture, corrosion resistance characteristics, etc. However, titanium alloys are difficult-to-machine materials. Tool wear is thus of great importance to understand and quantitatively predict tool life. In this study, the wear of coated carbide tool in milling Ti-6Al-4V alloy was assessed by characterization of the worn tool cutting edge. Furthermore, a tool wear model for end milling cutter is established with considering the joint effect of cutting speed and feed rate for characterizing tool wear process and predicting tool wear. Based on the proposed tool wear model equivalent tool life is put forward to evaluate cutting tool life under different cutting conditions. The modelling process of tool wear is given and discussed according to the specific conditions. Experimental work and validation are performed for coated carbide tool milling Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

Tool Life Analysis when Turning Ti-6Al-4V Using Vegetable Oil-Based Cutting Fluid

2017 ◽  
Vol 882 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Salah Gariani ◽  
Islam Shyha ◽  
Connor Jackson ◽  
Fawad Inam
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Flank Wear ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Tool Flank Wear ◽  
Fluid Concentration

This paper details experimental results when turning Ti-6Al-4V using water-miscible vegetable oil-based cutting fluid. The effects of coolant concentration and working conditions on tool flank wear and tool life were evaluated. L27 fractional factorial Taguchi array was employed. Tool wear (VBB) ranged between 28.8 and 110 µm. The study concluded that a combination of VOs based cutting fluid concentration (10%), low cutting speed (58 m/min), feed rate (0.1mm/rev) and depth of cut (0.75mm) is necessary to minimise VBB. Additionally, it is noted that tool wear was significantly affected by cutting speeds. ANOVA results showed that the cutting fluid concentration is statistically insignificant on tool flank wear. A notable increase in tool life (TL) was recorded when a lower cutting speed was used.

Model for Optimization of the Tool Life and the Cutting Speed for Maximum Productivity at Drilling of the Steel 2NiCr185

2015 ◽  
Vol 760 ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Blăjină ◽  
Aurelian Vlase ◽  
Marius Iacob
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Maximum Productivity ◽  
Optimum Cutting ◽  
New Research

The research in the last decade regarding their cutting machinability have highlighted the insufficiency of the data for establishing of the optimum cutting processing conditions and the optimum cutting regime. The purpose of this paper is the optimization of the tool life and the cutting speed at the drilling of the stainless steels in terms of the maximum productivity. A nonlinear programming mathematical model to maximize the productivity at the drilling of a stainless steel is developed in this paper. The optimum cutting tool life and the associated cutting tool speed are obtained by solving the proposed mathematical model. The use of this productivity model allows greater accuracy in the prediction of the productivity for the drilling of a certain stainless steel and getting the optimum tool life and the optimum cutting speed for the maximum productivity. The obtained results can be used in production activity, in order to increase the productivity of the stainless steels machining. Finally the paper suggests new research directions for the specialists interested in this field.

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