scholarly journals Ethical Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Research and Development: A Dual Advantage for Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Hermann ◽  
Gunter Hermann ◽  
Jean-Christophe Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Process And Outcome ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Environmental Good ◽  
Game Changer

AbstractArtificial intelligence can be a game changer to address the global challenge of humanity-threatening climate change by fostering sustainable development. Since chemical research and development lay the foundation for innovative products and solutions, this study presents a novel chemical research and development process backed with artificial intelligence and guiding ethical principles to account for both process- and outcome-related sustainability. Particularly in ethically salient contexts, ethical principles have to accompany research and development powered by artificial intelligence to promote social and environmental good and sustainability (beneficence) while preventing any harm (non-maleficence) for all stakeholders (i.e., companies, individuals, society at large) affected.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence in research and development for sustainability: the centrality of explicability and research data management

AI and Ethics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Hermann ◽  
Gunter Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Research Data Management ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

AbstractSustainability constitutes a focal challenge and objective of our time and requires collaborative efforts. As artificial intelligence brings forth substantial opportunities for innovations across industry and social contexts, so it provides innovation potential for pursuing sustainability. We argue that (chemical) research and development driven by artificial intelligence can substantially contribute to sustainability if it is leveraged in an ethical way. Therefore, we propose that the ethical principle explicability combined with (open) research data management systems should accompany artificial intelligence in research and development to foster sustainability in an equitable and collaborative way.

Experience Design Applied to Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea CAPRA ◽  
Ana BERGER ◽  
Daniela SZABLUK ◽  
Manuela OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Experience Design ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Technological Products

An accurate understanding of users' needs is essential for the development of innovative products. This article presents an exploratory method of user centered research in the context of the design process of technological products, conceived from the demands of a large information technology company. The method is oriented - but not restricted - to the initial stages of the product development process, and uses low-resolution prototypes and simulations of interactions, allowing users to imagine themselves in a future context through fictitious environments and scenarios in the ambit of ideation. The method is effective in identifying the requirements of the experience related to the product’s usage and allows rapid iteration on existing assumptions and greater exploration of design concepts that emerge throughout the investigation.

Phytochemicals for drug discovery in Alzheimer’s disease: In silico Advances

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smriti Sharma ◽  
Vinayak Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Computational Drug Design ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Game Changer

: The search for novel drugs that can prevent or control Alzheimer’s disease has attracted lot of attention from researchers across the globe. Phytochemicals are increasingly being used to provide scaffolds to design drugs for AD. In silico techniques, have proven to be a game-changer in this drug design and development process. In this review, the authors have focussed on current advances in the field of in silico medicine, applied to phytochemicals, to discover novel drugs to prevent or cure AD. After giving a brief context of the etiology and available drug targets for AD, authors have discussed the latest advances and techniques in computational drug design of AD from phytochemicals. Some of the prototypical studies in this area are discussed in detail. In silico phytochemical analysis is a tool of choice for researchers all across the globe and helps integrate chemical biology with drug design.

Retrospective exposure assessment in a chemical research and development facility

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Cheng Chen ◽  
Gurumurthy Ramachandran ◽  
Bruce H. Alexander ◽  
Jeffrey H. Mandel
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Chemical Research

The Frame Problem in Ethics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 53-73
Author(s):  
Sebastian Gałecki
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Frame Problem ◽  
Classical Philosophy ◽  
The Frame Problem ◽  
The Invisible

Although the “frame problem” in philosophy has been raised in the context of the artificial intelligence, it is only an exemplification of broader problem. It seems that contemporary ethical debates are not so much about conclusions, decisions, norms, but rather about what we might call a “frame”. Metaethics has always been the bridge between purely ethical principles (“this is good and it should be done”, “this is wrong and it should be avoided”) and broader (ontological, epistemic, anthropological etc.) assumptions. One of the most interesting meta-ethical debates concerns the “frame problem”: whether the ethical frame is objective and self-evident, or is it objective but not self-evident? In classical philosophy, this problem takes the form of a debate on the first principles: nonprovable but necessary starting points for any practical reasoning. They constitute the invisible but essential frame of every moral judgment, decision and action. The role of philosophy is not only to expose these principles, but also to understand the nature of the moral frame.

Frontier: Autonomy in Detection, Actuation, and Planning for Robotic Weeding Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-563
Author(s):  
Piyush Pandey ◽  
Hemanth Narayan Dakshinamurthy ◽  
Sierra N. Young
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
List Type ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Weed Detection ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Robotic Weeding

HighlightsRecent research and development efforts center around developing smaller, portable robotic weeding systems.Deep learning methods have resulted in accurate, fast, and robust weed detection and identification.Additional key technologies under development include precision actuation and multi-vehicle planning. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Automated systems, Automated weeding, Weed control.

scholarly journals China’s AI experience: industrial digitalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-546
Author(s):  
Marina S. Reshetnikova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
The Moment

The rapid acceleration of scientific and technological progress, which started at the beginning of the 21st century, has become a decisive factor in influencing the global economy. Who will lead the global innovation race? This problem is especially relevant in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). At the moment, the United States and China are the main participants in the battle for dominance in this area. The author assesses Chinas innovative potential in the field of AI and identifies its achievements in this area. Based on the statistics provided, Chinas AI leadership has reached a critical point. China is confidently leading the new fundamental research of artificial intelligence, forming its theoretical base and applied research and development, which will contribute to the creation of new high-tech innovative products and services. However, in terms of the number and quality of AI specialists (AI Talents) and the number of companies engaged in AI, China is still lagging behind its main rival, namely the United States. The author proved that, despite the obvious successes of China, the United States still has an equal lead in the global innovation race.

scholarly journals Aksara: Interactive Digital Pocket Books as an Effort to Increase Politeness in Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Buce Trias Hanggara ◽  
Noveria Anggraeni Fiaji ◽  
Prima Zulvarina
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Development Process ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Early Learning ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Reflective Design ◽  
Academic Corruption

Research and development of AKSARA: interactive digital pocketbooks, focusing on the development of a mobile application based on ethics of politeness and academic corruption, introduced as a form of early learning for Brawijaya University students. This research method was a mixed-method type. The development of digital pocketbooks was using a Recursive, Reflective, Design and Development model or can be abbreviated as R2D2. In the development of digital pocketbooks, the focus was on the three development focuses of R2D2, namely (1) Focus on determination; (2) Focus on developing product design, as well as its trials, and; (3) Focus on dissemination in accordance with the context of the development’s environment and needs. The results from the research and development process was a pocketbook app using mobile platform, which makes the product more ubiquitous. Applying the concept of gamification, this application has several interesting functions that stimulate user interaction. AKSARA provides ethics of politeness and academic corruption materials which are divided into systematic chapters and subchapters, each of them contains a quiz to measure user's understanding of the material. The correctness of answers and speed in answering the question determined the points received by users which can decide the user’s level and its ranking in the leaderboard. Users can also share their profiles in social media such as Instagram and Facebook. 

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA PADA MATA KULIAH KOMPETENSI PEMBELAJARAN POKOK MATERI KETERAMPILAN DASAR MENGAJAR

Jurnal PenSil ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Gilang Mawardi ◽  
Tuti Iriani ◽  
Daryati Daryati
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Development Research ◽  
The Media ◽  
D Model

This research is a type of research and development that aims to produce products in the form of multimedia powerpoint-based learning media in Learning Competency courses. This development research is a Research and Development research method with the 4D (four-D) model. This research is basically done through four main stages, namely define process, design process, develop process, and disseminate process. However, the research only reaches the stage of the development process. This study uses a questionnaire as a tool to test the feasibility of the media through the validation of media experts and material experts. The results of development are multimedia powerpoint-based learning media products. Assessments by material expert lecturers get scores 4,27 categorized as "Very Good". An assessment by a media expert lecturer got a score of 3.31 which was categorized as "Quite Good". The results of the average assessment from material and media experts get the value "3,79" means that multimedia-based learning media is categorized as "Good.".

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document