Modulation of the Immune System Promotes Tissue Regeneration

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Masoomikarimi ◽  
Majid Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Tissue Regeneration

scholarly journals Regenerative Immunology: Pushing Biomaterials Beyond Tissue Repair

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Judite Novais Barbosa ◽  
Judite Novais Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration

In this short review, we discuss how the paradigm in the development of new biomaterials has shifted over the last years and the growing idea that the immune system is of key importance in an effective tissue repair and regeneration. The immune system is currently considered crucial for tissue regeneration, leading to the emerging concept of Regenerative Immunology.

scholarly journals Promoting tissue regeneration by modulating the immune system

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 13-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziad Julier ◽  
Anthony J. Park ◽  
Priscilla S. Briquez ◽  
Mikaël M. Martino
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Tissue Regeneration

scholarly journals IL-22: An Evolutionary Missing-Link Authenticating the Role of the Immune System in Tissue Regeneration

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Kamalakannan Rajasekaran ◽  
Jeanne M Palmer ◽  
Monica S Thakar ◽  
Subramaniam Malarkannan
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Missing Link

scholarly journals The Role of Mitochondria in Immune-Cell-Mediated Tissue Regeneration and Ageing

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2668
Author(s):  
Yu-Jih Su ◽  
Pei-Wen Wang ◽  
Shao-Wen Weng
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune System

During tissue injury events, the innate immune system responds immediately to alarms sent from the injured cells, and the adaptive immune system subsequently joins in the inflammatory reaction. The control mechanism of each immune reaction relies on the orchestration of different types of T cells and the activators, antigen-presenting cells, co-stimulatory molecules, and cytokines. Mitochondria are an intracellular signaling organelle and energy plant, which supply the energy requirement of the immune system and maintain the system activation with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Extracellular mitochondria can elicit regenerative effects or serve as an activator of the immune cells to eliminate the damaged cells. Recent clarification of the cytosolic escape of mitochondrial DNA triggering innate immunity underscores the pivotal role of mitochondria in inflammation-related diseases. Human mesenchymal stem cells could transfer mitochondria through nanotubular structures to defective mitochondrial DNA cells. In recent years, mitochondrial therapy has shown promise in treating heart ischemic events, Parkinson’s disease, and fulminating hepatitis. Taken together, these results emphasize the emerging role of mitochondria in immune-cell-mediated tissue regeneration and ageing.

scholarly journals Innate immune system and tissue regeneration in planarians: An area ripe for exploration

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Harshani Peiris ◽  
Katrina K. Hoyer ◽  
Néstor J. Oviedo
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune

Epigenetics of Osteoporosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 230-242
Author(s):  
Oliver Bischof ◽  
Regina Ebert ◽  
Hanna Taipaleenmäki ◽  
Eric Hesse ◽  
Franz Jakob
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Fragile Bone ◽  
Tissue Aging

AbstractFragile bone is the root cause of osteoporosis. For inherited or acquired reasons, the fragile bone does not provide sufficient fracture resistance to withstand the physical strains of a normal lifestyle. Accordingly, clinical characteristics consist of fragility fractures that occur during daily life activities or low energy trauma. Hip fractures and vertebral fractures are so called "major osteoporotic fractures”, that also cause the highest burden of disease. Although the clinical osteoporosis manifestations are relatively uniform, there is a vast spectrum of underlying molecular causes. Impaired bone formation, accelerated bone loss, and impaired lifetime adaptive regeneration according to physical impact characterize the cruder facets of osteoporosis. The signaling cascades that govern bone formation and metabolism may be altered by genetically or epigenetically inherited defects or acquired epigenetic changes due to tissue aging and/or underlying diseases. While molecular genetics and mechanisms and specific osteoporosis treatments have made impressive progress over the last three decades, there is still an urgent need to better understand the role of epigenetics in this disease.Epigenetic mechanisms such as covalent modifications of DNA, histones, or essential core factors like the osteogenic transcription factors (e. g., RUNX2) and inhibitory modulators of osteogenic WNT-signaling (e. g., Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), sclerostin (SOST)) are all intricately implicated in developmental bone formation and adaptive regeneration and remodeling processes throughout adult life. These mechanisms are accompanied by chromatin architecture and gene expression changes of small (e. g., microRNAs (miRs)) and long, noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). The timely execution of these mechanisms either facilitates or inhibits bone formation and remodeling. Together, epigenetic mechanisms controlling bone homeostasis widen the spectrum of potential dysregulations that can cause osteoporosis and open new avenues for therapeutic interventions.Apart from the core mechanisms of bone formation and regeneration, recent research revealed that tissue-resident cells of the immune system such as tissue-specific macrophages, myeloid precursors, and lymphocytes have surprisingly fundamental influence on tissue regeneration, including bone. Those tissue resident cells are also subject to epigenetic changes and may substantially contribute to the development of disease. Epigenetic constellations can be inherited, but the dynamic epigenetic mechanisms involved in physiological processes of tissue regeneration may also be affected by pathologies such as cellular aging and senescence. Recently, several studies aimed at identifying DNA methylation signatures in peripheral blood leukocytes from osteoporosis patients that reveal novel disease mechanisms and potential targets for diagnosis and treatment. Overall, these studies rendered, however, yet inconclusive results.By contrast, studies using bone marrow-derived skeletal progenitors identified transcriptome changes in osteoporosis patients, which could have epigenetic reasons in the absence of genetic causes. Respective changes may be related to the local milieu in bone and bone marrow as a kind of segmental attitude of a specific tissue acquired through tissue aging and/or supported by underlying aging-associated diseases such as arteriosclerosis or aging of cells of the immune system.In summary, there is cumulating evidence linking epigenetic factors to the pathogenesis of aging-associated osteoporosis. However, we are currently still limited in our knowledge with respect to the causal traits that are common, inherited, or acquired in a lifetime in the respective tissues and cells involved in bone formation and regeneration. During the following years, the field will most certainly learn more about molecular processes and factors that can be targeted therapeutically and/or used as biomarkers for risk assessment.

scholarly journals Engineering the immune system

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn Sadtler
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Tumour Burden ◽  
The Public ◽  
Small Molecule Drugs ◽  
First Child ◽  
Biomaterial Scaffolds ◽  
19Th Century France

From ancient Greece via 19th century France, through to the present day, the development of our knowledge of the immune system has grown exponentially. This complex network of cells and secreted proteins is present in almost every organ of the human body. Our immune systems play intricate roles in both homeostasis and disease, regulating processes from bacterial infection to tissue development. The idea of engineering the immune system has been around for over 100 years. In 1880, Louis Pasteur first presented his findings on vaccination to the public, and by 1885 he had immunized the first child against the rabies virus. In the 1890s, William Coley described the deliberate infection of cancer patients with streptococcus bacteria, which led to a reduction in tumour burden, and has been described as the first cancer immunotherapy. Jumping forward to the present day, we have begun modulating immune responses through the use of nanoparticles, biomaterial scaffolds and small molecule drugs. These approaches to engineer immune responses can be used in a variety of applications from disease prevention to tissue regeneration.

Decellularized bone extracellular matrix in skeletal tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-764
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Rothrauff ◽  
Rocky S. Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Skeletal Tissue ◽  
Large Bone

Bone possesses an intrinsic regenerative capacity, which can be compromised by aging, disease, trauma, and iatrogenesis (e.g. tumor resection, pharmacological). At present, autografts and allografts are the principal biological treatments available to replace large bone segments, but both entail several limitations that reduce wider use and consistent success. The use of decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM), often derived from xenogeneic sources, has been shown to favorably influence the immune response to injury and promote site-appropriate tissue regeneration. Decellularized bone ECM (dbECM), utilized in several forms — whole organ, particles, hydrogels — has shown promise in both in vitro and in vivo animal studies to promote osteogenic differentiation of stem/progenitor cells and enhance bone regeneration. However, dbECM has yet to be investigated in clinical studies, which are needed to determine the relative efficacy of this emerging biomaterial as compared with established treatments. This mini-review highlights the recent exploration of dbECM as a biomaterial for skeletal tissue engineering and considers modifications on its future use to more consistently promote bone regeneration.

192: Tubularized Urethral Replacement: What is the Maximum Distance for Normal Tissue Regeneration?

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 51-51
Author(s):  
Roger E. De Filippo ◽  
Hans G. Pohl ◽  
James J. Yoo ◽  
Anthony Atala
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Maximum Distance
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