Sociodemographic Correlates of Knowledge About Elite Deviance

Introduction Over recent decades, two prominent trends have been observed in Canada and elsewhere: increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, and increasing participation of women (including mothers) in the paid labour force and resulting demand for child care options. While an association between child care and children's body mass index (BMI) is plausible and would have policy relevance, its existence and nature in Canada is not known. Methods Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, we examined exposure to three types of care at age 2/3 years (care by non-relative, care by relative, care in a daycare centre) in relation to change in BMI percentile (continuous and categorical) between age 2/3 years and age 6/7 years, adjusting for health and sociodemographic correlates. Results Care by a non-relative was associated with an increase in BMI percentile between age 2/3 years and age 6/7 years for boys, and for girls from households of low income adequacy. Conclusion Considering the potential benefits of high-quality formal child care for an array of health and social outcomes and the potentially adverse effects of certain informal care options demonstrated in this study and others, our findings support calls for ongoing research on the implications of diverse child care experiences for an array of outcomes including those related to weight.

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Sociodemographic inequalities in lifetime treatment seeking and receipt for common mental health problems

10.31234/osf.io/vsu4g ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher Rayner ◽

Jonathan Richard Iain Coleman ◽

Kirstin Lee Purves ◽

Ewan Carr ◽

Rosa Cheesman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Disorders ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Treatment Seeking ◽

Binary Outcomes ◽

Treatment Access ◽

Sociodemographic Correlates ◽

Common Mental Health Problems ◽

Poor Outcomes ◽

Lifetime Treatment

Background: Anxiety and depressive disorders can be chronic and disabling, and are associated with poor outcomes. Whilst there are effective treatments, access to these is variable and only a fraction of those in need receive treatment. Aims: The primary aim was to investigate sociodemographic correlates of lifetime treatment access and unpick the relationships between socioeconomic features and treatment inequalities. As such, we aimed to identify groups at greatest risk of never accessing treatment and targets for intervention. Methods: We tested for sociodemographic factors associated with treatment access in UK Biobank participants with lifetime generalised anxiety or major depressive disorder, performing multivariable logistic regressions on two binary outcomes: treatment-seeking (n=33,704) and treatment receipt (n=28,940). Results: Treatment access was less likely in those who were male, from a UK ethnic minority background and who self-medicated with alcohol or drugs. Treatment access was more likely in those who reported use of self-help strategies, with lower income (<£30,000) and greater neighbourhood deprivation, as well as those with a university degree. Conclusion: This work on lifetime treatment seeking and receipt replicates known correlates of treatment receipt during time of treatment need. Our focus on treatment-seeking and receipt highlights two targets for improving treatment access. More work is required to understand the psychosocial barriers to treatment, which mediate the associations observed here.

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Presence and Levels of Resilience and Its Sociodemographic Correlates in Older Chinese Americans

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1253 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 389-389

Author(s):

Jieyang Zheng ◽

Dexia Kong ◽

Mengting Li ◽

XinQi Dong

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Longitudinal Research ◽

Rank Order ◽

Chinese Americans ◽

Research Approach ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Chinese Older Adults ◽

Sociodemographic Correlates ◽

Older Chinese ◽

Older Chinese Americans

Abstract Resilience is defined as a personal quality that enables growth in knowledge, understanding and self-actualization in the face of adversity and life disruptions. Low levels of resilience can dispose older adults to higher risks for negative health outcomes in the aftermath of traumatic events. However, we have limited knowledge of resilience among minority aging populations. This study aims to examine the presence and levels of resilience and its sociodemographic correlates among U.S. Chinese older adults. Data were drawn from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly, an epidemiology study of U.S. Chinese older adults in the Greater Chicago area. Guided by a community-based participatory research approach, a total of 3,036 Chinese older adults aged 60 and above participated in face-to-face interviews from 2015 to 2017. Spearman’s rank-order coefficient was utilized to test correlation. A 10-item validated Chinese version of the Connor-Davidson resilience scale was used to assess resilience. In our sample, 59.7% were female, and the average age was 75. The mean resilience score was 26.9, ranging from 1 to 40. U.S. Chinese older adults who were younger, male, married, had higher education and income, fewer children, better health status and quality of life, and improved health and have lived fewer years in the U.S. reported higher levels of resilience. Future longitudinal research is needed to investigate the protective effects of resilience among older Chinese Americans against mental and physical distress.

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Latent Structure of a Brief Clinical Battery of Neuropsychological Tests Administered In-Home Via Telephone

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acaa111 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anastasia Matchanova ◽

Michelle A Babicz ◽

Luis D Medina ◽

Samina Rahman ◽

Briana Johnson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Executive Functions ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Neuropsychological Tests ◽

Factor Model ◽

Digit Span ◽

Neuropsychological Battery ◽

Memory And Attention ◽

Sociodemographic Correlates ◽

List Learning ◽

Trail Making

Abstract Objective To examine the factor structure and sociodemographic correlates of a battery of clinical neuropsychological tests administered in-home and via telephone. Method Participants included 280 healthy adults who completed a 35–40 min battery consisting of seven auditory-verbal neuropsychological tests (i.e., 10 variables) that included digit span, list learning and memory, prospective memory, verbal fluency, and oral trail making. Results After removing oral trail making part A, a three-factor model comprised of executive functions, memory and attention demonstrated the best fit to the data. Nevertheless, the shared variance between the nine remaining neuropsychological variables was also adequately explained by a single-factor model and a two-factor model comprised of executive functions and memory. Factor scores were variably associated with education, race/ethnicity, and IQ, but not with sex or age. Conclusions Findings provide preliminary support for the feasibility and factor structure and sociodemographic correlates of a brief telephone-based screening neuropsychological battery comprised mostly of commonly administered clinical measures. Future studies are needed to determine the test–retest reliability, sensitivity, and ecological relevance of this battery, as well as equivalency to in-person assessment.

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Sociodemographic correlates of public stigma about mental illness: a population study on Hong Kong’s Chinese population

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03301-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lincoln Lik Hang Lo ◽

Yi Nam Suen ◽

Sherry Kit Wa Chan ◽

Min Yi Sum ◽

Cheung Charlton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Mental Health Literacy ◽

Female Gender ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Public Stigma ◽

Sociodemographic Correlates ◽

Lower Education

Abstract Background Individuals with psychiatric disorders are often unwilling to seek help or often follow treatment regimens, fearing public stigma. This study identified the sociodemographic correlates of public stigma while accounting for mental health literacy and life satisfaction. Methods This study analysed data for 1514 individuals who participated in a population-based random telephone survey conducted in 2018. Sociodemographic characteristics included gender, age, education level, and occupation. Data on public stigma, mental health literacy, and life satisfaction were also collected. Multiple linear regression was conducted to examine the effects of sociodemographic characteristics on public stigma. A moderation analysis was performed to investigate the role of age and education in the relationship between mental health literacy and public stigma. Results Sociodemographic characteristics, such as female gender, older age, lower education, and occupation (particularly retired and homemakers), were associated with a higher public stigma. The association between public stigma and mental health literacy was the most significant among individuals aged 50 years and above with lower education levels. Conclusions This study showed that certain population subgroups, based on their sociodemographic profile, have a higher stigma about mental illnesses. Understanding the differential effects of sociodemographic factors on public stigma is imperative to developing effective anti-stigma campaigns.

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The Role of Preschool Hours in Achieving Physical Activity Recommendations for Preschoolers

Children ◽

10.3390/children8020082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Sara Lahuerta-Contell ◽

Javier Molina-García ◽

Ana Queralt ◽

Vladimir E. Martínez-Bello

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Early Childhood ◽

School Environment ◽

High Density ◽

Childhood Education ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Sociodemographic Correlates ◽

Physical Activity Recommendations ◽

Activity Recommendations

Research on physical activity (PA) in different educational settings could elucidate which interventions promote a healthy school lifestyle in early childhood education (ECE). The aims of this study were: (a) to analyse the PA levels of preschoolers during school hours, as well as the rate of compliance with specific recommendations on total PA (TPA) and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA); (b) to examine the role of structured movement sessions and recess time in the MVPA levels during school hours; (c) to evaluate the sociodemographic correlates of preschoolers and the school environment on MVPA behaviour during school hours. PA was evaluated with Actigraph accelerometers. Our main findings were that: (a) preschoolers engaged in very little TPA and MVPA during school hours; (b) children showed significantly higher MVPA levels on days with versus without structured movement sessions, and the contribution of the structured sessions to MVPA was significantly higher than that of recess time; (c) gender and age were associated with PA, and a high density of young children on the playground was associated with high levels of vigorous PA, whereas in the classroom, high density was associated with more sedentary behaviour. Structured PA could reduce the gap in achieving international recommendations.

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Neurodevelopmental disorders among Spanish school-age children: prevalence and sociodemographic correlates

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291720005115 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Rosa Bosch ◽

Mireia Pagerols ◽

Cristina Rivas ◽

Laura Sixto ◽

Laura Bricollé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Communication Disorders ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Self Report ◽

Motor Disorder ◽

School Type ◽

Final Population ◽

Prevalence Estimates ◽

Sociodemographic Correlates

Abstract Background Prevalence estimates of neurodevelopmental disorders (ND) are essential for treatment planning. However, epidemiological research has yielded highly variable rates across countries, including Spain. This study examined the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of ND in a school sample of Spanish children and adolescents. Methods The Child Behaviour Checklist/Teacher's Report Form/Youth Self-Report and the Conners' Rating Scales were administered for screening purposes. Additionally, teachers provided information on reading and writing difficulties. Subjects who screened positive were interviewed for diagnostic confirmation according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. The final population comprised 6834 students aged 5–17. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine the influence of gender, age, educational stage, school type, socioeconomic status (SES), and ethnicity on the prevalence estimates. Results A total of 1249 (18.3%) subjects met criteria for at least one ND, although only 423 had already received a diagnosis. Specifically, the following prevalence rates were found: intellectual disabilities (ID), 0.63%; communication disorders, 1.05%; autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 0.70%; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 9.92%; specific learning disorder (SLD), 10.0%; and motor disorders, 0.76%. Students of foreign origin and from low SES evidenced higher odds of having ID. Boys were more likely to display ASD or a motor disorder. Age, SES, and ethnicity were significant predictors for SLD, while communication disorders and ADHD were also associated with gender. Conclusions The prevalence of ND among Spanish students is consistent with international studies. However, a substantial proportion had never been previously diagnosed, which emphasise the need for early detection and intervention programmes.

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Prevalence and Correlates of Gray Market Use for Aging and Dementia Long-Term Care in the U.S

Journal of Applied Gerontology ◽

10.1177/07334648211023681 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 073346482110236

Author(s):

Regina A. Shih ◽

Esther M. Friedman ◽

Emily K. Chen ◽

Grace C. Whiting

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Term Care ◽

Unpaid Care ◽

Gray Market ◽

Sociodemographic Correlates ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

National Prevalence ◽

The U.S

Objectives To estimate the national prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of gray market utilization, consisting of paid providers who are unrelated to the recipient, not working for a regulated agency, and potentially unscreened and untrained, for aging and dementia-related long-term care. Methods We surveyed a nationally representative sample of 1,037 American Life Panel respondents aged 18 years and older. Results Nearly a third of Americans who arranged paid care sought gray market care for persons with dementia, and most (65%) combined it with unpaid care. Respondents who arranged gray market care had 66% lower odds of currently working, and those living in rural areas had an almost 5-times higher odds of arranging dementia gray market care. Discussion Gray market care represents a substantial proportion of paid, long-term care for older adults and may fill gaps in access to care.

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