Marital Well-Being Over Time Among Black and White Americans: The First Seven Years

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Brown ◽  
Terri L. Orbuch ◽  
José A. Bauermeister ◽  
Brandyn-Dior McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Over Time

The Multiracial Population

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Iceland
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Median Household Income ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Over Time

This chapter examines trends in intermarriage, discusses how the estimates of the multiracial population are sensitive to how we define and measure this group, describes how views about racial identity have changed over time, and provides measures of well being, such as education and income, among the multiracial population. The chapter also documents differences among multiracial Americans, such as between people who are black and white and Asian and white. The chapter shows that the socioeconomic status of multiracial individuals tends to be in between that of the constituent race groups. The median household income of black-white individuals, for example, is between that of single-race black and white individuals. The chapter ends by noting that we need to learn much more about the growing multiracial population and the factors that affect their health and well being.

scholarly journals Family Member Death and Subjective Life Expectancy Among Black and White Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Rachel Donnelly ◽  
Debra Umberson ◽  
Tetyana Pudrovska
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Well Being ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Survival Expectations ◽  
The Life Course

Objective: To examine whether exposure to family member deaths throughout the life course is associated with subjective life expectancy—a person’s assessment of their own mortality risk—at age 65, with attention to differences by race. Method: We analyzed 11 waves of data from a study of men and women above age 50 (Health and Retirement Study; n = 13,973). Results: Experiencing the deaths of multiple family members before the respondent is 50 years old is negatively associated with subjective life expectancy at age 65. Discussion: Understanding the life-course predictors of older adults’ subjective life expectancy is particularly important because survival expectations influence long-term planning, health, and longevity. Moreover, Black Americans are exposed to more family member deaths earlier in their life compared with White Americans, with implications for long-term health and well-being.

Health on the Nineteenth-Century U.S. Great Plains: Opportunity or Displacement?

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Alan Carson
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
American South ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Well Being ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The American South ◽  
Net Nutrition

A population’s average stature reflects its cumulative net nutrition and provides important insight when more traditional measures for economic well-being are scarce or unreliable. Heights on the U.S. Central Plains did not exhibit the antebellum paradox instantiated in the eastern urban areas; they increased markedly during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, becoming the tallest in the world. Whites were taller than blacks on the Central Plains where slavery was not the primary source of labor, but whites were also taller than blacks in the American South where it was. Immigrants from industrialized Europe were shorter than black and white Americans but taller than Latin Americans and Asians.

scholarly journals White (but Not Black) Americans Continue to See Racism as a Zero-Sum Game; White Conservatives (but Not Moderates or Liberals) See Themselves as Losing

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raea Rasmussen ◽  
David Levari ◽  
Muna Akhtar ◽  
Chelsea Crittle ◽  
Megan Gately ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Future Research ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Perceptions Of Racism ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
Over Time

Norton and Sommers (2011) assessed Black and White Americans’ perceptions of anti-Black and anti-White bias across the previous six decades—from the 1950s to the 2000s. They presented two key findings: White (but not Black) respondents perceived decreases in anti-Black bias to be associated with increases in anti-White bias, signaling the perception that racism is a zero-sum game; White respondents rated anti-White bias as more pronounced than anti-Black bias in the 2000s, signaling the perception that they were losing the zero-sum game. We collected new data to examine whether the key findings would be evident nearly a decade later, and whether political ideology would moderate perceptions. Liberal, moderate, and conservative White (but not Black) Americans alike believed that racism is a zero-sum game. Liberal White Americans saw racism as a zero-sum game they were winning by a lot, moderate White Americans saw it as a game they were winning by only a little, and conservative White Americans saw it as a game they were losing. This work has clear implications for public policy and behavioral science, and lays the groundwork for future research that examines to what extent racial differences in perceptions of racism by political ideology are changing over time.

The Therapist’s Reaction to a Patient’s Suicide

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Martin Wurst ◽  
Isabella Kunz ◽  
Gregory Skipper ◽  
Manfred Wolfersdorf ◽  
Karl H. Beine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Retrospective Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: A substantial proportion of therapists experience the loss of a patient to suicide at some point during their professional life. Aims: To assess (1) the impact of a patient’s suicide on therapists distress and well-being over time, (2) which factors contribute to the reaction, and (3) which subgroup might need special interventions in the aftermath of suicide. Methods: A 63-item questionnaire was sent to all 185 Psychiatric Clinics at General Hospitals in Germany. The emotional reaction of therapists to patient’s suicide was measured immediately, after 2 weeks, and after 6 months. Results: Three out of ten therapists suffer from severe distress after a patients’ suicide. The item “overall distress” immediately after the suicide predicts emotional reactions and changes in behavior. The emotional responses immediately after the suicide explained 43.5% of the variance of total distress in a regression analysis. Limitations: The retrospective nature of the study is its primary limitation. Conclusions: Our data suggest that identifying the severely distressed subgroup could be done using a visual analog scale for overall distress. As a consequence, more specific and intensified help could be provided to these professionals.

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. T. Takarangi ◽  
Deryn Strange
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Negative Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

When people are told that their negative memories are worse than other people’s, do they later remember those events differently? We asked participants to recall a recent negative memory then, 24 h later, we gave some participants feedback about the emotional impact of their event – stating it was more or less negative compared to other people’s experiences. One week later, participants recalled the event again. We predicted that if feedback affected how participants remembered their negative experiences, their ratings of the memory’s characteristics should change over time. That is, when participants are told that their negative event is extremely negative, their memories should be more vivid, recollected strongly, and remembered from a personal perspective, compared to participants in the other conditions. Our results provide support for this hypothesis. We suggest that external feedback might be a potential mechanism in the relationship between negative memories and psychological well-being.

Disparities in Health Between Black and White Americans: Current Knowledge and Directions for Future Research

2018 ◽  
pp. 456-478
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Fuller-Rowell ◽  
David S. Curtis ◽  
Adrienne M. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Conceptual frameworks for racial/ethnic health disparities are abundant, but many have received insufficient empirical attention. As a result, there are substantial gaps in scientific knowledge and a range of untested hypotheses. Particularly lacking is specificity in behavioral and biological mechanisms for such disparities and their underlying social determinants. Alongside lack of political will and public investment, insufficient clarity in mechanisms has stymied efforts to address racial health disparities. Capitalizing on emergent findings from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study and other longitudinal studies of aging, this chapter evaluates research on health disparities between black and white US adults. Attention is given to candidate behavioral and biological mechanisms as precursors to group differences in morbidity and mortality and to environmental and sociocultural factors that may underlie these mechanisms. Future research topics are discussed, emphasizing those that offer promise with respect to illuminating practical solutions to racial/ethnic health disparities.

Structured well-being assessments in public child welfare: Observations across two states

2021 ◽  
pp. 251610322110046
Author(s):  
Crystal Collins-Camargo ◽  
Jessica Strolin-Goltzman ◽  
A. Nathan Verbist ◽  
Alison Krompf ◽  
Becky F. Antle
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Child Welfare System ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Public Child Welfare ◽  
Case Planning ◽  
Over Time

Children entering custody within the child welfare system have been found to have high levels of trauma and significant behavioral health needs. In this paper, authors demonstrate how a structured functional well-being assessment can be used with the custody population to promote an understanding of behavioral health needs, inform case planning, and measure functional improvement over time. Specifically, this paper will: (a) briefly describe how two states implemented a common standardized assessment of functioning to inform case planning and measure well-being progress of children in the custody of a public child welfare system (b) examine what this common assessment tool reveals about the strengths and needs of children entering custody across two sites and (c) describe the magnitude of change in functional improvement measured across 6 months. This paper will contribute to the existing knowledge by sharing possible themes in functioning related to children entering custody while examining changes in functioning over time. Implications for practice, policy, and future research will be discussed.

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