scholarly journals Should Couch Potatoes Be Encouraged to Use Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation?

Neuroethics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Minerva
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
World Population ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Major Side Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Very High

Abstract A very high percentage of the world population doesn’t exercise enough and, as a consequence, is at high risk of developing serious health conditions. Physical inactivity paired with a poor diet is the second cause of death in high income countries. In this paper, I suggest that transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS) holds promise for “couch potatoes” because it could be used to make them more active, without causing any major side-effect. I also argue that other, less safe, tools could be used to achieve the goal of decreasing physical inactivity, insofar as they have overall fewer side-effects than physical inactivity.

scholarly journals THE USE OF PESTICIDES IN TRIPLE-RICE CROP IN THE COASTAL DISTRICT, TRA VINH, VIETNAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Thanh Giao Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Very High

This study aimed to assess the use of pesticides and their impact on the triple-rice crops in Phu Can commune, Tieu Can district, Tra Vinh province by directly interviewed 60 farmers in the study area. The results showed that during cultivation, the farmers used pesticides with a very high dose and spray frequency. The farmers often applied various types of pesticides belonging to toxicity categories II, III, and IV according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The treatments of bottles and packages of the pesticides after use by burying, disposing of in the rice field, selling to the vendors, and burning were improper practices. Consequently, these practices could pollute the environment with pesticides. The findings of the present study revealed that rice farming in the study area potentially poses a high risk to the surrounding environments and human health. Local authorities and environmental managers should pay more attention to solving this problem.

scholarly journals The Effect of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on the Structure and Stability of Bio-Macromolecules

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Verebová ◽  
Jana Staničová
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Serum Albumins ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Structure And Stability ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Insecticides are among the most widely used pesticides in the world. They are preparations of chemical and biological origin used to control insects, which means its killing or preventing its destructive activity. Majority are used in forestry, agriculture, and households. Neonicotinoids represent the class of insecticides that is most frequently used in the world and replaced by more dangerous pyrethroids, organophosphates, and carbamates. In recent years, the focus has been mainly on the ecological and environmental risks caused by the use of neonicotinoids. These insecticides pose a very high risk to bees and also to soil and aquatic organisms. It is therefore highly topical to address the impact of neonicotinoids on biological systems on individual bio-macromolecules (DNA and serum albumins). Monitoring the impact of neonicotinoids on the structure and stability of biological macromolecules may contribute to reducing the use of these insecticides, as well as to considering and adjusting the tolerances of insecticides and their residues in food.

scholarly journals Ways of medicinal prevention and treatment of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in oncological patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
V.A. Moroz ◽  
R.A. Al-Hadrawi ◽  
O.O. Andrieieva ◽  
Yu.V. Timchenko ◽  
A.M. Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
World Population ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Oncological Patients ◽  
Medicinal Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Anticancer Treatment

The high incidence of malignant tumors is currently supported by the general ageing of the world population and unfavorable environmental factors. In 2018, 18.1 million new cases of cancer and 9.6 million deaths from them were registered in the world. At the same time, a significant increase in the life expectancy of these patients after the treatment noted over the past 20 years highlights the problem of side effects of the anticancer therapy. One of the most serious side effects is the development of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (DRIC). In all three distinct clinical forms (acute, early and late) DRIC can develop in 58 % of patients after using anticancer treatment regimens with the inclusion of doxorubicin. The review provides a detailed analysis of medicinal treatment regimens and preparations (ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, statins, etc.) currently used, and evaluates their effectiveness and expected results. Currently, several therapeutic strategies have been proposed for the prevention and treatment of DRIC, each of them has certain positive results. At the same time, some therapeutic methods used in the clinic have some disadvantages. Conclusions. The limitations of the results of DRIC prevention achieved by the existing therapeutic regimens, as well as the possibilities for their prediction, have been stated. The need for further research to improve the effectiveness of medicinal prevention and treatment of DRIC is emphasized.

scholarly journals Maritime Containers Refrigeration Plant Faults Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 589-595
Author(s):  
Ewelina Złoczowska
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Permanent Damage ◽  
Container Transport ◽  
Perishable Goods ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
The World ◽  
Very High ◽  
High Quality Product

Abstract Container transport is the most popular type of sea shipping around the world. The share of reefers (refrigerated container) in the total number of containers transported is about 15%.The worldwide stock of refrigerated containers used for transportation of perishable goods is still growing, while the conventional reefer fleet is shrinking. Still, despite of clean advantages they also carry some risks. Difficult operating conditions of refrigerated containers instigate very high risk of malfunctions, including permanent damage. The majority of articles about refrigerated systems failures, focus mainly on the onshore ones. Publications describing damage of reefers are limited. Therefore, this article attempts to classify and analyze the most frequent failures of container’s refrigeration units. This issue is very important for the crew safety, natural environment and high quality product preservation. The data necessary to perform the analysis come from reports on units damaged over two years. Introduction presents the characteristic of refrigerated containers and problems which occur during their exploitation. Next, the research methodology is presented. Eventually, the research results are presented and discussed. The summary and conclusions close the work.

scholarly journals Vietnam Climate Change and Health Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863022092465
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh ◽  
Le Thi Thanh Huong ◽  
Nguyen Thi Lien Huong ◽  
Tran Nu Quy Linh ◽  
Nguyen Huu Quyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Health Vulnerability ◽  
The World ◽  
Very High

Background: The Global Climate Risk Index 2020 ranked Vietnam as the sixth country in the world most affected by climate variability and extreme weather events over the period 1999-2018. Sea level rise and extreme weather events are projected to be more severe in coming decades, which, without additional action, will increase the number of people at risk of climate-sensitive diseases, challenging the health system. This article summaries the results of a health vulnerability and adaptation (V&A) assessment conducted in Vietnam as evidences for development of the National Climate Change Health Adaptation Plan to 2030. Methods: The assessment followed the first 4 steps outlined in the World Health Organization’s Guidelines in conducting “Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments.” A framework and list of indicators were developed for semi-quantitative assessment for the period 2013 to 2017. Three sets of indicators were selected to assess the level of (1) exposure to climate change and extreme weather events, (2) health sensitivity, and (3) adaptation capacity. The indicators were rated and analyzed using a scoring system from 1 to 5. Results: The results showed that climate-sensitive diseases were common, including dengue fever, diarrheal, influenza, etc, with large burdens of disease that are projected to increase. From 2013 to 2017, the level of “exposure” to climate change–related hazards of the health sector was “high” to “very high,” with an average score from 3.5 to 4.4 (out of 5.0). For “health sensitivity,” the scores decreased from 3.8 in 2013 to 3.5 in 2017, making the overall rating as “high.” For “adaptive capacity,” the scores were from 4.0 to 4.1, which meant adaptive capacity was “very low.” The overall V&A rating in 2013 was “very high risk” (score 4.1) and “high risk” with scores of 3.8 in 2014 and 3.7 in 2015 to 2017. Conclusions: Adaptation actions of the health sector are urgently needed to reduce the vulnerability to climate change in coming decades. Eight adaptation solutions, among recommendations of V&A assessment, were adopted in the National Health Climate Change Adaptation Plan.

scholarly journals Cutaneous Eruption due to Telaprevir

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Mastrangelo Marinho Falcão ◽  
Beatriz Moritz Trope ◽  
Mariana Marteleto Godinho ◽  
Leonardo Hoehl Carneiro ◽  
João Marcello de Araujo-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Skin Eruption ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
World Population ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
Cutaneous Eruption ◽  
The World ◽  
Severe Rash

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronically infects 0.5-3% of the world population. A large group of patients develop cirrhosis and its complications. Since 2011, telaprevir and boceprevir are used, improving the disease evolution. One of the main side effects of these drugs is skin eruption. We report a 53-year-old patient with cirrhosis due to HCV who started the classic treatment associated with telaprevir. In the ninth week, he presented a severe rash that required the interruption of this drug. We emphasize the importance of early recognition and appropriate management of adverse skin reaction.

scholarly journals Predictive Prevalence of Risk Phenotypes Associated With rs2285666 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of ACE2 in the World Population Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Mohitosh Biswas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
World Population ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Fort Lauderdale ◽  
Genotype Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Ace2 Gene

Variability of ACE2 expression encoded by the ACE2 gene may be important for susceptibility and clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study was aimed to identify potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ACE2 relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infection and predictively assigned risk phenotypes. Allele and genotype information of rs2285666 SNP of ACE2 was obtained from the 1000 Genomes project Phase III in line with Fort Lauderdale principles. About 16 SNPs of ACE2 as potential venture for susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection was identified from the literature. Predicted high-risk phenotypes of ACE2 expressor due to carrying rs2285666 SNP of ACE2 was highly prevalent in East Asia (40.7%; 95% CI 36%-45%), followed by South Asia (36.8%; 95% CI 33%-41%), America (22.8%; 95% CI 18%-27%), Europe (14.5%; 95% CI 11%-18%) and Africa (12.3%; 95% CI 10%-15%), respectively. In total, ~25% of the world populations were predictively identified as being at high-risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection due to carrying rs2285666 ACE2 genetic polymorphism. Identification of high-risk phenotypes for SARS-CoV-2 infection through screening of ACE2 genetic polymorphisms may be valuable for SARS-CoV-2- related COVID-19 prevention and treatment in the population. Customized DNA microarray techniques or next generation sequencing may holistically advance this newly evolving research area of infection genetics.

scholarly journals Shooting at a Moving Target—Effectiveness and Emerging Challenges for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Franziska Günl ◽  
Angeles Mecate-Zambrano ◽  
Selina Rehländer ◽  
Saskia Hinse ◽  
Stephan Ludwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
World Population ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Side Effects

Since late 2019 the newly emerged pandemic SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID‑19, has hit the world with recurring waves of infections necessitating the global implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions, including strict social distancing rules, the wearing of masks and the isolation of infected individuals in order to restrict virus transmissions and prevent the breakdown of our healthcare systems. These measures are not only challenging on an economic level but also have a strong impact on social lifestyles. Using traditional and novel technologies, highly efficient vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 were developed and underwent rapid clinical evaluation and approval to accelerate the immunization of the world population, aiming to end the pandemic and return to normality. However, the emergence of virus variants with improved transmission, enhanced fitness and partial immune escape from the first generation of vaccines poses new challenges, which are currently being addressed by scientists and pharmaceutical companies all over the world. In this ongoing pandemic, the evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines underlies diverse unpredictable dynamics, posed by the first broad application of the mRNA vaccine technology and their compliance, the occurrence of unexpected side effects and the rapid emergence of variations in the viral antigen. However, despite these hurdles, we conclude that the available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are very safe and efficiently protect from severe COVID-19 and are thereby the most powerful tools to prevent further harm to our healthcare systems, economics and individual lives. This review summarizes the unprecedented pathways of vaccine development and approval during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We focus on the real-world effectiveness and unexpected positive and negative side effects of the available vaccines and summarize the timeline of the applied adaptations to the recommended vaccination strategies in the light of emerging virus variants. Finally, we highlight upcoming strategies to improve the next generations of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

scholarly journals Assessment of cardiovascular risk in Kyrgyz Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Issue 4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryskul Kydyralieva ◽  
Kanzaada Dzhorupbekova ◽  
Almazbek Akunov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Very High

Objective:  An analysis of the current situation in the Kyrgyz Republic demonstrates that the areas of concern in care system for patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the insufficient and untimely identification of cardiovascular risk factors, as well as their ineffective management due to the incomplete implementation of existing risk stratification guidelines and decision-making. This study assesses distribution of total cardiovascular risk among the population of the Kyrgyz Republic using the WHO/ISH risk scale.  In addition, the distribution of the main risk factors separately is calculated, as well as the frequency of some additional CVD risk factors that are not included into the WHO/ISH evaluation scale is estimated. Methods: This research was carried out within the framework of the international project "STEPS". The survey used a questionnaire developed by WHO and adapted to the Kyrgyz Republic. Overall, 2417 people were selected at the age of 25 to 65 years, of which 59.0% are women and 41.0% are men. The mean age in general was 43.9 (11.5) years. Of these, mean age for  men was 44.0 (11.2) years and for  women - 43.8  (11.7) years (p˃0.05). Results: According to the WHO / ISH chart, the proportion of low, medium, high and very high risk for age group of 40-65 years was 73.9%, 4.6% and 21.4%, respectively. According to the results of the study, among respondents aged 40 to 65 years, a high prevalence of the main risk factors for CVD was revealed (arterial hypertension - 61.5%, hypercholesterolemia - 31.6%, smoking - 19.0%, diabetes mellitus 11.1%) and other additional risk factors for CVD (insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables - 75.4%, obesity - 36.5%, physical inactivity - 29.3% and excessive salt intake - 14.0%). Conclusion:  Thus, very high-risk of CVD in our population was presented in 21.4% of individuals, while low risk prevailed – 73.9%.  The most frequent risk factors were arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity and physical inactivity, insufficient consumption of fruit and vegetables followed by smokin, diabetes and excessive salt consumption.

scholarly journals Modeling Behavioural Evolution as Social Predictor for the Coronavirus Contagion and Immunization in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Arnold Adimabua Ojugo ◽  
Andrew Okonji Eboka
Keyword(s):  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
World Population ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Death Toll ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (covid-19) pandemic from China in 2019, it has left the world leaders in great confusing due to its fast-paced propagation and spread that has left infected a world population of over Eleven Million persons with over five hundred and thirty four thousand deaths and counting with the United States of America, Brazil, Russia, India and Peru in the lead on these death toll. The pandemic whose increased mortality rate is targeted at ‘aged’ citizens, patients with low immunology as well as patients with chronic diseases and underlying health conditions. Study models covid-19 pandemic via a susceptible-infect-remove actor-based graph, with covid-19 virus as the innovation diffused within the social graph. We measure the rich connective patterns of the actor-based graph, and explore personal feats as they influence other nodes to adopt or reject an innovation. Results shows current triggers (lifting of inter-intra state migration bans) and shocks (exposure to covid-19 by migrants) will lead to late widespread majority adoption of 23.8-percent. At this, the death toll will climb from between 4.43-to-5.61-percent to over 12%.

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