Characterization of Predominant Aroma Components in Raw and Roasted Walnut (Juglans regia L.)

In recent decades, intensive selective breeding programs have allowed the development of disease-resistant and flavorsome apple cultivars while leading to a gradual decline of a large number of ancient varieties in many countries. However, the re-evaluation of such cultivars could lead to the production new apple-based products with health beneficial properties and/or unique flavor qualities. Herein, we report the comprehensive characterization of juices obtained from 86 old, mostly Danish, apple cultivars, by employing traditional analysis (ion chromatography, °Brix, headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and panel test evaluation) as well as an innovative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based screening method developed by Bruker for fruit juices, known as Spin Generated Fingerprint (SGF) Profiling™. Principal component analysis showed large differences in aroma components and sensory characteristics, including odd peculiar odors and flavors such as apricot and peach, and very different levels of phenolic compounds, acids and sugars among the analyzed juices. Moreover, we observed a tendency for late-season juices to be characterized by higher °Brix values, sugar content and they were perceived to be sweeter and more flavor intense than early-season juices. Our findings are useful for the production of specialty vintage-cultivar apple juices or mixed juices to obtain final products that are characterized both by healthy properties and peculiar sensory attributes.

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Characterization of the effect of cis-3-hexen-1-ol on green tea aroma

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-72495-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cong-ning Nie ◽

Yuan Gao ◽

Xiao Du ◽

Jin-lin Bian ◽

Hui Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Green Tea ◽

Electronic Nose ◽

Chemometric Analysis ◽

Differential Threshold ◽

Value Evaluation ◽

Odor Activity Value ◽

Aroma Components ◽

Green Odor

Abstract cis-3-Hexen-1-ol has been regarded as the main source of green aroma (or green odor) in green tea. However, no clear findings on the composition of green aroma components in tea and the effect of cis-3-hexen-1-ol on other aroma components have been reported. In this study, the main green aroma components in green tea were characterized, especially the role of cis-3-hexen-1-ol in green aroma was analyzed and how it affected other aroma components in green tea was studied. Based on the GC–MS detection, odor activity value evaluation, and monomer sniffing, 12 green components were identified. Through the chemometric analysis, cis-3-hexen-1-ol was proven as the most influential component of green aroma. Moreover, through the electronic nose analysis of different concentrations of cis-3-hexen-1-ol with 25 other aroma components in green tea, we showed that the effect of cis-3-hexen-1-ol plays a profound effect on the overall aroma based on the experiments of reconstitution solution and natural tea samples. GC–MS and CG-FID confirmed that the concentration range of the differential threshold of green odor and green aroma of cis-3-hexen-1-ol was 0.04–0.52 mg kg−1.

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A PCR based SNPs marker for specific characterization of English walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars

Molecular Biology Reports ◽

10.1007/s11033-010-0223-y ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 1237-1249 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Loredana F. Ciarmiello ◽

Pasquale Piccirillo ◽

Giovanni Pontecorvo ◽

Antonio De Luca ◽

Ioannis Kafantaris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Juglans Regia ◽

English Walnut

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Synthesis and characterization of PVA/Starch/CMC composite films reinforced with walnut (Juglans regia L.) shell flour

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-019-1462-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kapil Gulati ◽

Sohan Lal ◽

Sanjiv Arora

Keyword(s):

Juglans Regia ◽

Composite Films ◽

Synthesis And Characterization

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Analysis of Plant Origin Antibiotics against Oral Bacterial Infections Using In Vitro and In Silico Techniques and Characterization of Active Constituents

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10121504 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1504

Author(s):

Abdul Rafey ◽

Adnan Amin ◽

Muhammad Kamran ◽

Uzma Haroon ◽

Kainat Farooq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Silico ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Health Concern ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Drug Leads

The pervasiveness of oral bacterial infections in diabetic patients is a serious health concern that may produce severe complications. We investigated 26 Ayurvedic medicinal plants traditionally used for treatment of the oral bacterial infections with the aim to look for new promising drug leads that can be further employed for herbal formulation design. The plants were grouped into three categories based on traditional usage. All plant extracts were examined for antibacterial, antibiofilm and antiquorum-sensing properties. The plants with significant activities including Juglans regia, Syzygium aromaticum, Eruca sativa, Myristica fragrans, Punica granatum and Azadirachta indica were further analyzed using HPLC-DAD-QToF and GC-MS. In silico and in vitro activity was evaluated for selected constituents. Finally, it could be concluded that eugenol and 2-phenylethylisothiocyanate are major contributors towards inhibition of bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing.

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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of bHLH Transcription Factors Related to Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Red Walnut (Juglans regia L.)

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2021.632509 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Zhao ◽

Yonghui Liu ◽

Lin Li ◽

Haijun Meng ◽

Ying Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Gene Family ◽

Developmental Stage ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Regulatory Elements

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are transcription factors (TFs) that have been shown to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in many plant species. However, the bHLH gene family in walnut (Juglans regia L.) has not yet been reported. In this study, 102 bHLH genes were identified in the walnut genome and were classified into 15 subfamilies according to sequence similarity and phylogenetic relationships. The gene structure, conserved domains, and chromosome location of the genes were analyzed by bioinformatic methods. Gene duplication analyses revealed that 42 JrbHLHs were involved in the expansion of the walnut bHLH gene family. We also characterized cis-regulatory elements of these genes and performed Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of gene functions, and examined protein-protein interactions. Four candidate genes (JrEGL1a, JrEGL1b, JrbHLHA1, and JrbHLHA2) were found to have high homology to genes encoding bHLH TFs involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in other plants. RNA sequencing revealed tissue- and developmental stage-specific expression profiles and distinct expression patterns of JrbHLHs according to phenotype (red vs. green leaves) and developmental stage in red walnut hybrid progeny, which were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. All four of the candidate JrbHLH proteins localized to the nucleus, consistent with a TF function. These results provide a basis for the functional characterization of bHLH genes and investigations on the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis in red walnut.

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