scholarly journals Risk analysis for forecasting cyberattacks against connected and autonomous vehicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunniva F. Meyer ◽  
Rune Elvik ◽  
Espen Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Domestic Abuse ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Safety Measures

AbstractA security risk analysis was conducted to identify possible cyberattacks against a future transport system consisting of autonomous and connected vehicles. Six scenarios were developed: joyriding, kidnapping, domestic abuse, autopilot manipulation, a large transport accident, and paralysis of the transport system. Even if it were possible to increase the difficulty of conducting such cyberattacks, it might be impossible to eliminate such attacks entirely. Measures that limit the consequences will therefore be necessary. Such measures include safety measures in vehicles to protect their occupants in traffic accidents and measures that make vehicles easier to remove in case they do not function.

scholarly journals CONNECTED AND AUTOMATED TRANSPORT IN THE LONG LEVEL 4

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-98
Author(s):  
Mathias Mitteregger ◽  
Emilia M. Bruck ◽  
Aggelos Soteropoulos ◽  
Andrea Stickler ◽  
Martin Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Early Research ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
Drivers Of Change ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Parallel Development

AbstractConnection and automation are the instrumental drivers of change in the transport system – yet they are two fundamentally different trends that are not necessarily related to one another (Perret et al. 2017: 6). Despite this, there is growing emphasis on their simultaneity and parallel development: whereas early research frequently spoke of autonomous driving or autonomous vehicles, more recent articles increasingly use the term “connected and automated vehicles”: “Even though automated vehicles do not necessarily need to be connected and connected vehicles do not require automation, it is expected that in the medium term connectivity will be a major enabler for automated vehicles” (European Commission 2018: 4).

scholarly journals Security Risk Analysis Approach for Safety-Critical Systems of Connected Vehicles

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Feng Luo ◽  
Shuo Hou ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Zhenyu Yang ◽  
Wenwen Pan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
System Level ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Security Properties ◽  
Safety Critical Systems

Modern vehicles are no longer merely mechanical systems but are monitored and controlled by various electronic systems. Safety-critical systems of connected vehicles become vulnerable to cyberattacks because of increasing interconnection. At present, the security risk analysis of connected vehicles is mainly based on qualitative methods, while these methods are usually subjective and lack consideration for functional safety. In order to solve this problem, we propose in this paper a security risk analysis framework for connected vehicles based on formal methods. Firstly, we introduce the electronic and electrical architecture of the connected vehicle and analyze the attack surfaces of the in-vehicle safety-critical systems from three levels of sensors, in-vehicle networks, and controllers. Secondly, we propose a method to model the target of evaluation (i.e., in-vehicle safety-critical system) as a Markov decision process and use probabilistic computation tree logic to formally describe its security properties. Then, a probabilistic model checker PRISM is used to analyze the security risk of target systems quantitatively according to security properties. Finally, we apply the proposed approach to analyze and compare the security risks of the collision warning system under a distributed and centralized electrical and electronic architecture. In addition, from a practical point of view, we propose a Markov model generation method based on a SysML activity diagram, which can simplify our modeling process. The evaluation results show that we can have a quantitative understanding of the security risks at the system level in the early stage of system design.

scholarly journals Application of Mathematical and Computational Methods to Identify Women’s Priorities in Transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2845
Author(s):  
Sara Poveda-Reyes ◽  
Ashwani Kumar Malviya ◽  
Elena García-Jiménez ◽  
Gemma Dolores Molero ◽  
Maria Chiara Leva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Sustainable Society ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
Safe Transport

It is well established that the transport sector is not an equalitarian sector. To develop a sustainable society, a more equalitarian and safe transport system for both users and transport sector employees is needed. This work prioritizes the needs and barriers previously identified as relevant among transport system users and employees for four different transport scenarios (railways, autonomous vehicles (AVs), bicycle-sharing services (BSSs), and employment). The aim of this paper is to prioritize the factors affecting women in these four transport scenarios with the help of a survey followed by the application of mathematical and computational algorithms based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology. The identification of factors with higher influence in the fair participation of women in the transport sector will help transport planners, bike-sharing system owners, decision-makers, transport companies, and regulatory professionals to develop measures that could plausibly increase the proportion of women as users of BSSs, users of rail public transport, and AVs, as well as employees in the transport sector for a sustainable society. The results indicated that safety and security were the most challenging factors for railways. Weather, topography, and family responsibilities were shown to have a high influence on the use of BSSs. In the case of autonomous vehicles, the simultaneity and trust in the technology are the main opportunities to influence the acceptance of such vehicles. Finally, for transport employment, caring and parenting responsibilities were the factors that had the largest effect. Some differences in priorities were found for different profiles of women.

scholarly journals Implications of Autonomous Vehicles for Accessibility and Transport Equity: A Framework Based on Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4448
Author(s):  
Alberto Dianin ◽  
Elisa Ravazzoli ◽  
Georg Hauger
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Social Accessibility ◽  
The Relationship

Increasing accessibility and balancing its distribution across space and social groups are two fundamental goals to make transport more sustainable and equitable. In the next decades, autonomous vehicles (AVs) could significantly transform the transport system, influencing accessibility and transport equity. In particular, depending on the assumed features of AVs (e.g., private or collective) and the considered spatial, social, and regulative context (e.g., rural or urban areas), impacts may be very different. Nevertheless, research in this field is still limited, and the relationship between AV assumptions and accessibility impacts is still partially unclear. This paper aims to provide a framework of the key and emerging aspects related to the implications of AVs for accessibility and transport equity. To set this framework, we perform an analysis of the scientific literature based on a conceptual model describing the implications of AVs for the distribution of accessibility across space and social groups. We recognize four main expected impacts of AVs on accessibility: (1) accessibility polarization, (2) accessibility sprawl, (3) exacerbation of social accessibility inequities, and (4) alleviation of social accessibility inequities. These impacts are described and analyzed in relation to the main AV assumptions expected to trigger them through different mechanisms. Based on the results, some recommendations for future studies intending to focus on the relation between AVs, accessibility, and transport equity are provided.

scholarly journals A Method of Simplifying the Asset Dependency Cycle in Security Risk Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1077 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Edri Yunizal ◽  
Judhi Santoso ◽  
Kridanto Surendro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Security Risk

scholarly journals Mortality in traffic accidents with older adults in Colombia

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Maria Segura Cardona ◽  
Doris Cardona Arango ◽  
Dedsy Yajaira Berbesí Fernández ◽  
Alejandra Agudelo Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the traffic accident mortality in the Colombian older adults during the 1998-2012 period and show the loss of productive years and mortality from this cause. METHODS Quantitative study of the trend analysis of deaths in Colombia in traffic accidents, from 1998 to 2012, according to death records and population projected by the Colombian National Administrative Department of Statistics. Frequency distribution profile of the deceased, death rates per hundred thousand inhabitants, potential years of life lost and calculation of excess mortality by age in the over 60 were made. RESULTS In the study period 100,758 deaths occurred in traffic accidents, 6,717 annual average, of which 18.5% occurred in people aged 60 years and over. The predominated deaths were men; the risk of dying was 32.15 per hundred thousand people in this age range, with double risk of dying those under 60 years. CONCLUSIONS The young population has a higher proportion of deaths, but those over 60 years are at increased risk of death, leading to the need to turn our gaze to the improvement of road infrastructure and standards, to educate the population in self-care and compliance with safety measures and prepare society for an ever more adult population, more numerous and more prone to take risks.

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