Omega-3 fatty acids regulate gene expression levels differently in subjects carrying the PPARα L162V polymorphism

Background: The Mediterranean diet, which is rich in olive oil, nuts, and fish, is considered healthy and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Methods: Here, we compared the transcriptome from the blood of subjects with diets supplemented with olives, nuts, or long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and identified the genes differentially expressed. The dietary genes obtained were subjected to network analysis to determine the main pathways, as well as the transcription factors and microRNA interaction networks to elucidate their regulation. Finally, a gene-associated disease interaction network was performed. Results: We identified several genes whose expression is altered after the intake of components of the Mediterranean diets compared to controls. These genes were associated with infection and inflammation. Transcription factors and miRNAs were identified as potential regulators of the dietary genes. Interestingly, caspase 1 and sialophorin are differentially expressed in the opposite direction after the intake of supplements compared to Alzheimer’s disease patients. In addition, ten transcription factors were identified that regulated gene expression in supplemented diets, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusions: We identified genes whose expression is altered after the intake of the supplements as well as the transcription factors and miRNAs involved in their regulation. These genes are associated with schizophrenia, neoplasms, and rheumatic arthritis, suggesting that the Mediterranean diet may be beneficial in reducing these diseases. In addition, the results suggest that the Mediterranean diet may also be beneficial in reducing the risk of dementia.

Download Full-text

The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Gene Expression Involved in the Insulin and Lipid Signaling Pathway in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/s-0042-122782 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (06) ◽

pp. 446-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Khadijeh Nasri ◽

Sedigheh Hantoushzadeh ◽

Esmat Aghadavod ◽

Mohsen Taghizadeh ◽

Zatollah Asemi

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Lipid Signaling ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear

AbstractLimited data are available evaluating the effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on gene expression involved in the insulin and lipid-signaling pathway in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on gene expression involved in the insulin and lipid signaling pathway in women with PCOS. This randomized double blind, placebo-controlled trial was done among 60 women aged 18–40 years old and diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria. Participants were randomly assigned into 2 groups to receive either 1 000 mg omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil containing 400 mg α-linolenic acid (n=30) or placebo (n=30) twice a day for 12 weeks. Gene expressions involved in the insulin and lipid-signaling pathway were quantified in blood samples of PCOS women with RT-PCR method. Quantitative results of RT-PCR demonstrated that compared with the placebo, omega-3 fatty acids supplementation upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) mRNA (p=0.005) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of women with PCOS. In addition, compared to the placebo, omega-3 fatty acids supplementation downregulated expressed levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) mRNA (p=0.002) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of women with PCOS. We did not observe any significant effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on expressed levels of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Overall, omega-3 fatty acids supplementation for 12 weeks in PCOS women significantly improved gene expression of PPAR-γ and LDLR.

Download Full-text