Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Prostaglandin F2alpha-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) Gene Expression in Bovine Luteal Cells In Vitro.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the dose-response effects of supplemental omega-3 fatty acids on platelet function in healthy volunteers. Methods Twelve healthy volunteers ingested a normal supplemental dose of 1260 mg omega-3 fatty acids daily for 5 days, followed by a high dose of 2520 mg daily for another 5 days. Multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) with four different agonists was used to measure platelet aggregation before and after the normal- and high-dose regimes. In vitro spiking using physiological doses of omega-3 fatty acids was also performed to determine whether MEA is capable of detecting a platelet-inhibiting effect due to omega-3 fatty acids. Results There were no differences in platelet aggregation measured by the MEA assay in healthy volunteers after intake of either the normal or high dose of omega-3 fatty acids. In the in vitro experiment, a platelet-inhibiting effect of omega-3 fatty acids was shown by an arachidonic acid agonist in MEA . Conclusions Supplemental omega-3 fatty acids do not evoke their positive health effects through inhibition of platelet aggregation measurable with MEA.

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The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12103198 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 3198 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francesco Pecora ◽

Federica Persico ◽

Alberto Argentiero ◽

Cosimo Neglia ◽

Susanna Esposito

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Immune Response ◽

Immune System ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Optimal Function ◽

The Impact

Viral infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the importance of public health practices including handwashing and vaccinations in reducing their spread is well established. Furthermore, it is well known that proper nutrition can help support optimal immune function, reducing the impact of infections. Several vitamins and trace elements play an important role in supporting the cells of the immune system, thus increasing the resistance to infections. Other nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, help sustain optimal function of the immune system. The main aim of this manuscript is to discuss of the potential role of micronutrients supplementation in supporting immunity, particularly against respiratory virus infections. Literature analysis showed that in vitro and observational studies, and clinical trials, highlight the important role of vitamins A, C, and D, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc in modulating the immune response. Supplementation with vitamins, omega 3 fatty acids and zinc appears to be a safe and low-cost way to support optimal function of the immune system, with the potential to reduce the risk and consequences of infection, including viral respiratory infections. Supplementation should be in addition to a healthy diet and fall within recommended upper safety limits set by scientific expert bodies. Therefore, implementing an optimal nutrition, with micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, might be a cost-effective, underestimated strategy to help reduce the burden of infectious diseases worldwide, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

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A Comparison of Gene Expression Changes in the Blood of Individuals Consuming Diets Supplemented with Olives, Nuts or Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12123765 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3765

Author(s):

Virginie Bottero ◽

Judith A. Potashkin

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Transcription Factors ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Long Chain

Background: The Mediterranean diet, which is rich in olive oil, nuts, and fish, is considered healthy and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Methods: Here, we compared the transcriptome from the blood of subjects with diets supplemented with olives, nuts, or long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and identified the genes differentially expressed. The dietary genes obtained were subjected to network analysis to determine the main pathways, as well as the transcription factors and microRNA interaction networks to elucidate their regulation. Finally, a gene-associated disease interaction network was performed. Results: We identified several genes whose expression is altered after the intake of components of the Mediterranean diets compared to controls. These genes were associated with infection and inflammation. Transcription factors and miRNAs were identified as potential regulators of the dietary genes. Interestingly, caspase 1 and sialophorin are differentially expressed in the opposite direction after the intake of supplements compared to Alzheimer’s disease patients. In addition, ten transcription factors were identified that regulated gene expression in supplemented diets, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusions: We identified genes whose expression is altered after the intake of the supplements as well as the transcription factors and miRNAs involved in their regulation. These genes are associated with schizophrenia, neoplasms, and rheumatic arthritis, suggesting that the Mediterranean diet may be beneficial in reducing these diseases. In addition, the results suggest that the Mediterranean diet may also be beneficial in reducing the risk of dementia.

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An Integrated Analysis of miRNA and Gene Expression Changes in Response to an Obesogenic Diet to Explore the Impact of Transgenerational Supplementation with Omega 3 Fatty Acids

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12123864 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3864

Author(s):

Karla Fabiola Corral-Jara ◽

Laura Cantini ◽

Nathalie Poupin ◽

Tao Ye ◽

Jean Paul Rigaudière ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Negative Regulator ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Biological Variables ◽

Biological Insight ◽

Obesogenic Diet ◽

The Impact

Insulin resistance decreases the ability of insulin to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis, a key step in the development of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic alterations, fat accumulation, and fibrosis in the liver are closely related and contribute to the progression of comorbidities, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or cancer. Omega 3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were identified as potent positive regulators of insulin sensitivity in vitro and in animal models. In the current study, we explored the effects of a transgenerational supplementation with EPA in mice exposed to an obesogenic diet on the regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and gene expression in the liver using high-throughput techniques. We implemented a comprehensive molecular systems biology approach, combining statistical tools, such as MicroRNA Master Regulator Analysis pipeline and Boolean modeling to integrate these biochemical processes. We demonstrated that EPA mediated molecular adaptations, leading to the inhibition of miR-34a-5p, a negative regulator of Irs2 as a master regulatory event leading to the inhibition of gluconeogenesis by insulin during the fasting–feeding transition. Omics data integration provided greater biological insight and a better understanding of the relationships between biological variables. Such an approach may be useful for deriving innovative data-driven hypotheses and for the discovery of molecular–biochemical mechanistic links.

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Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Derived Resolvin D2 Regulates Human Placental Vascular Smooth Muscle and Extravillous Trophoblast Activities

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20184402 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (18) ◽

pp. 4402 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Arzu Ulu ◽

Prakash K. Sahoo ◽

Ana G. Yuil-Valdes ◽

Maheswari Mukherjee ◽

Matthew Van Ormer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽

Placental Tissue ◽

Cell Types ◽

Extravillous Trophoblast ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3

Omega-3 fatty acids are important to pregnancy and neonatal development and health. One mechanism by which omega-3 fatty acids exert their protective effects is through serving as substrates for the generation of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM) that potently limit and resolve inflammatory processes. We recently identified that SPM levels are increased in maternal blood at delivery as compared to umbilical cord blood, suggesting the placenta as a potential site of action for maternal SPM. To explore this hypothesis, we obtained human placental samples and stained for the SPM resolvin D2 (RvD2) receptor GPR18 via immunohistochemistry. In so doing, we identified GPR18 expression in placental vascular smooth muscle and extravillous trophoblasts of the placental tissues. Using in vitro culturing, we confirmed expression of GPR18 in these cell types and further identified that stimulation with RvD2 led to significantly altered responsiveness (cytoskeletal changes and pro-inflammatory cytokine production) to lipopolysaccharide inflammatory stimulation in human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells and placental trophoblasts. Taken together, these findings establish a role for SPM actions in human placental tissue.

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Omega-3 fatty acids regulate gene expression levels differently in subjects carrying the PPARα L162V polymorphism

Genes & Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s12263-009-0129-2 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 199-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Iwona Rudkowska ◽

Christophe Garenc ◽

Patrick Couture ◽

Marie-Claude Vohl

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Regulate Gene Expression ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Gene Expression Levels ◽

Regulate Gene

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The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Gene Expression Involved in the Insulin and Lipid Signaling Pathway in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/s-0042-122782 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (06) ◽

pp. 446-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Khadijeh Nasri ◽

Sedigheh Hantoushzadeh ◽

Esmat Aghadavod ◽

Mohsen Taghizadeh ◽

Zatollah Asemi

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Lipid Signaling ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear

AbstractLimited data are available evaluating the effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on gene expression involved in the insulin and lipid-signaling pathway in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on gene expression involved in the insulin and lipid signaling pathway in women with PCOS. This randomized double blind, placebo-controlled trial was done among 60 women aged 18–40 years old and diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria. Participants were randomly assigned into 2 groups to receive either 1 000 mg omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil containing 400 mg α-linolenic acid (n=30) or placebo (n=30) twice a day for 12 weeks. Gene expressions involved in the insulin and lipid-signaling pathway were quantified in blood samples of PCOS women with RT-PCR method. Quantitative results of RT-PCR demonstrated that compared with the placebo, omega-3 fatty acids supplementation upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) mRNA (p=0.005) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of women with PCOS. In addition, compared to the placebo, omega-3 fatty acids supplementation downregulated expressed levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) mRNA (p=0.002) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of women with PCOS. We did not observe any significant effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on expressed levels of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Overall, omega-3 fatty acids supplementation for 12 weeks in PCOS women significantly improved gene expression of PPAR-γ and LDLR.

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