scholarly journals Fishing during the early human occupations of the Atacama Desert coast: what if we standardize the data?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Rebolledo ◽  
Philippe Béarez ◽  
Débora Zurro
Keyword(s):  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Data Heterogeneity ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Early Human

Abstract The Atacama Desert coast (18–30° S) presents one of the earliest chronologies in the South America region, whose first occupations date from ~ 13,000 cal BP. Since that time, coastal and marine resources have been a common component at sites along the littoral zone. Fish species have been particularly important, as have the fishing technologies developed and used by the coastal communities. However, even though several archaeological sites have been studied, there is no systematic macro-regional analysis of early fisheries along the Atacama Desert coast. Furthermore, differences in theoretical and methodological approaches, as well as research objectives, hinder comparisons between ichthyoarchaeological assemblages. Here, we present a comparative analysis of the Atacama Desert fish data obtained from publications and gray literature from ten archaeological sites dating from the Terminal Pleistocene to the Early Holocene. Through the standardization of contextual and ichthyoarchaeological information, we compared data using NISP, MNI, and weight to calculate fish density, richness, and ubiquity, in order to identify similarities and differences between assemblages. This exploratory approach aims to contribute to studies of fish consumption in the area, as well as proposing new methodological questions and solutions regarding data heterogeneity in archaeozoology.

NEW RADIOCARBON DATES FROM ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN PARTS OF IGBOLAND, SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA

Radiocarbon ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Kenechukwu Chidiogo Daniel ◽  
Anselm Maduabuchi Ibeanu ◽  
Jacinta Uchenna Ikegwu ◽  
Emuobosa Akpo Orijemie
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Iron Smelting ◽  
Subsistence Patterns ◽  
Early Human

ABSTRACT This paper presents new results of radiocarbon (14C) ages from archaeological sites in northern Igboland. The study was designed to shed more light on early human occupation and activities in the study area based on sediments from cave and iron-smelting sites. The approach consisted of ethnographic, archaeological, palynological, and slag analyses; these were complemented with 14C dates. The technology adopted as well as the paleoenvironmental conditions that prevailed during the period of human settlement in both sites was revealed. These data, complemented by 14C dates, highlight the human behavioral and subsistence patterns within the region and are comparable to those from similar sites in southeastern Nigeria.

Frameworks for Europe’s Past

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Douglas Price
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Growth And Change ◽  
Early Human ◽  
Prehistoric Time

This book is about the prehistoric archaeology of Europe—the lives and deaths of peoples and cultures—about how we became human; the rise of hunters; the birth and growth of society; the emergence of art; the beginnings of agriculture, villages, towns and cities, wars and conquest, peace and trade—the plans and ideas, achievements and failures, of our ancestors across hundreds of thousands of years. It is a story of humanity on planet Earth. It’s also about the study of the past—how archaeologists have dug into the ground, uncovered the remaining traces of these ancient peoples, and begun to make sense of that past through painstaking detective work. This book is about prehistoric societies from the Stone Age into the Iron Age. The story of European prehistory is one of spectacular growth and change. It begins more than a million years ago with the first inhabitants. The endpoint of this journey through the continent’s past is marked by the emergence of the literate societies of classical Greece and Rome. Because of a long history of archaeological research and the richness of the prehistoric remains, we know more about the past of Europe than almost anywhere else. The prehistory of Europe is, in fact, one model of the evolution of society, from small groups of early human ancestors to bands of huntergatherers, through the arrival of the first farmers to the emergence of hierarchical societies and powerful states in the Bronze and Iron Ages. The chapters of our story are the major ages of prehistoric time (Stone, Bronze, and Iron). The content involves the places, events, and changes of those ages from ancient to more recent times. The focus of the chapters is on exceptional archaeological sites that provide the background for much of this story. Before we can begin, however, it is essential to review the larger context in which these developments took place. This chapter is concerned with the time and space setting of the archaeology of Europe.

scholarly journals Pre-Columbian transregional captive rearing of Amazonian parrots in the Atacama Desert

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (15) ◽  
pp. e2020020118
Author(s):  
José M. Capriles ◽  
Calogero M. Santoro ◽  
Richard J. George ◽  
Eliana Flores Bedregal ◽  
Douglas J. Kennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Ara Macao ◽  
Bird Guano ◽  
Captive Rearing

The feathers of tropical birds were one of the most significant symbols of economic, social, and sacred status in the pre-Columbian Americas. In the Andes, finely produced clothing and textiles containing multicolored feathers of tropical parrots materialized power, prestige, and distinction and were particularly prized by political and religious elites. Here we report 27 complete or partial remains of macaws and amazon parrots from five archaeological sites in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile to improve our understanding of their taxonomic identity, chronology, cultural context, and mechanisms of acquisition. We conducted a multiproxy archaeometric study that included zooarchaeological analysis, isotopic dietary reconstruction, accelerated mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating, and paleogenomic analysis. The results reveal that during the Late Intermediate Period (1100 to 1450 CE), Atacama oasis communities acquired scarlet macaws (Ara macao) and at least five additional translocated parrot species through vast exchange networks that extended more than 500 km toward the eastern Amazonian tropics. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes indicate that Atacama aviculturalists sustained these birds on diets rich in marine bird guano-fertilized maize-based foods. The captive rearing of these colorful, exotic, and charismatic birds served to unambiguously signal relational wealth in a context of emergent intercommunity competition.

Prehistoric and historic networks on the Atacama Desert coast (northern Chile)

Antiquity ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (329) ◽  
pp. 875-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Ballester ◽  
Francisco Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Sharing Values ◽  
Salt Flats ◽  
Temporary Production ◽  
Made In

Comparing the records of fishing communities made in the sixteenth to twentieth centuries to the archaeological evidence of the sixth millennium BP, the authors propose a sophisticated prehistoric network for the coastal people of northern Chile. Residential seashore settlements link both along the coast to temporary production sites for fish, and inland to oasis-based providers of products from the uplands and salt flats. Sharing values and kinsfolk, the coastal communities must have travelled extensively in boats which, like their modern counterparts, made use of floats of inflated sealskin.

scholarly journals Dry Creek Revisited: New Excavations, Radiocarbon Dates, and Site Formation Inform on the Peopling of Eastern Beringia

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly E. Graf ◽  
Lyndsay M. DiPietro ◽  
Kathryn E. Krasinski ◽  
Angela K. Gore ◽  
Heather L. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Site Formation ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Before Present ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cultural Features

The multicomponent Dry Creek site, located in the Nenana Valley, central Alaska, is arguably one of the most important archaeological sites in Beringia. Original work in the 1970s identified two separate cultural layers, called Components 1 and 2, thought to date to the terminal Pleistocene and suggesting that the site was visited by Upper Paleolithic huntergatherers between about 13,000 and 12,000 calendar years before present (cal B.P.). The oldest of these became the typeassemblage for the Nenana complex. Recently, some have questioned the geoarchaeological integrity of the site's early deposits, suggesting that the separated cultural layers resulted from natural postdepositional disturbances. In 2011, we revisited Dry Creek to independently assess the site's age and formation. Here we present our findings and reaffirm original interpretations of clear separation of two terminal Pleistocene cultural occupations. For the first time, we report direct radiocarbon dates on cultural features associated with both occupation zones, one dating to 13,485-13,305 and the other to 11,060-10,590 cal B.P.

Middle Terrace Deposits of the Tagus River in Alpiarça, Portugal, in Relation to Early Human Occupation

2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Mozzi ◽  
Maria Teresa Azevedo ◽  
Elizabeth Nunes ◽  
Luis Raposo
Keyword(s):  
Flood Plain ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Tagus River ◽  
The Us ◽  
Bottom To Top ◽  
Channel Deposits ◽  
The Village ◽  
Early Human

The stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Q3 middle terrace alluvial sequence in the lower Tagus river valley, Portugal, were studied near the village of Alpiarça, approximately 40 km upstream from the estuarine area. Two main stratigraphic units were recognized, separated by an important uncomformity. The Lower Gravels unit (LG) consists of intercalations of medium to coarse gravel deposits, mainly quartzitic, with coarse sandy matrix, organized in tabular bodies. The overlying Upper Sands unit (US) consists of tabular sandy channel deposits and overbank fines, the latter containing well-developed paleosols and backswamp deposits, showing a general aggrading trend, apparently with varying rates; available data indicate that deposition of the US took place under temperate climatic conditions. Within US deposits are several paleolithic archaeological sites, the lower ones in the alluvial stratigraphy being Middle Acheulian, whereas those embedded in overlying deposits are, from bottom to top, Upper Acheulian and Micoquian. Some of these sites have been recently excavated. The quartzite artifacts were apparently abandoned by early humans on the flood plain surface during deposition of the US unit and were subjected to limited reworking during their incorporation in the alluvium. TL/OSL dating of sandy-silty sediments, though imprecise, support archaeological evidence pointing to an age of 150,000 to 70,000 yr B.P. for the US unit.

scholarly journals Interlocuções formativas contidas nos Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos dos cursos de Licenciatura em Ciências Agrícolas/Agrárias no Brasil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Danieli Cristina de Souza ◽  
Dimas de Oliveira Estevam ◽  
Kelly Gianezini
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The One

Pedagogical guidelines for the education in/of/to the rural areas must be based on the socio-educational development and on a constant dialogue between scientific and empirical knowledge. In this context, our objective is to identify formative interlocutions in the rural/countryside education in undergraduate courses of Agricultural Sciences in Brazil, through the analysis of their Political-Pedagogical Projects (PPP). This is a qualitative research with a descriptive and exploratory approach. It focuses on the theoretical background about rural educational project. It is also a document-based study that has as its source data from Anísio Teixeira Platform, connected to the Ministry of Education, as well as PPP emitted by the higher education institutions. The criteria chosen to establish the study’s time frame was the accessibility of the most recent information that were available during the process of information gathering – June, 2020. The results show that twelve of the studied courses had as their formative reference agricultural education – in terms of hegemonic production processes such as agribusiness, adopting a technicist approach. Only five of the studied courses were characterized by a formative framework aimed at the education of the rural areas – encompassing several expressions of rural life, such as family agriculture, peasantry and so forth. These courses make reference not only to these specific methodological approaches, but also to public policies related to this issue. Furthermore, we also identified in the institutions’ PPP a chaotic duality of concepts of education in/of the rural areas, on the one hand, and agricultural education on the other; such chaotic mixture of concepts is prone to be reproduced in the praxis of the teachers.

scholarly journals ABOUT SOURCES AND METHODS

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. ТУАЛЛАГОВ
Keyword(s):  
Image Data ◽  
Logical Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Original Narrative ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Textual Research ◽  
Written Sources

Статья посвящена проблеме происхождения образа осетинского Николая как представителя божественных сил осетинских традиционных представлений. Актуальность представленной в статье темы определяется возникшим дискуссионным моментом в исследовании данного божественного образа, а также методологическими подходами при его реализации. Научная новизна исследования заключается в привлечении к анализу оригинальных нарративных источников, позволяющих верифицировать источниковую базу и определиться с обоснованностью проявившихся различных подходов в решении указанной проблемы. Целью исследования является верификация данных образа одного из представителей осетинского пантеона в контексте монотеистических и политеистических представлений. При проведении исследования применялись методы текстуального исследования источников, индуктивного и логического анализа на основе принципа историзма и системности изложения. Дополнительное обращение к анализу источников, в которых фигурирует данный образ, к историографии самой проблемы позволяет автору подтвердить прежде сформулированное им положение о Николае как боге, формирование образа которого имело давние истоки. Приложение к нему отдельных черт православного св. Николая продиктовано историей христианизации Алании под византийским влиянием, процесс которого был прерван. Политеистические представления продолжали действовать в традиционных представлениях осетин конца XIX–начала XX вв. Отмечаются конкретные примеры ошибочных трактовок некоторых археологических памятников и материалов письменных источников, а также методов и подходов в критике представленных ранее автором решений. Проведенный анализ сопрягается с вопросом об оригинальных монотеистических представлениях, искусственность приложения которых в современных условиях к истории алан объективно отвергается. The article is devoted to the problem of originating of the image of the Ossetian Nicholas as a representative of the divine powers of Ossetian traditional ideas. The relevance of the topic presented in the article is determined by the discussion point that has arisen in the study of this divine image, as well as methodological approaches of its implementation. The scientific novelty of the study is to use original narrative sources for analysis, which allow us to verify the source base and determine the validity of the various approaches that have appeared in solving this problem. The aim of the study is to verify the image data of one of the representatives of the Ossetian pantheon in the context of monotheistic and polytheistic representations. The study used methods of textual research of sources, inductive and logical analysis based on the principle of historicism and systematic presentation. The extensive analysis of the sources in which this image appears, the historiography of the problem itself, allows the author to confirm his previously formulated presumption on Nicholas as a god, whose formation had long-standing origins. Applying to him the individual features of the Orthodox St. Nicholas is dictated by the history of the Christianization of Alania under Byzantine influence, the process of which was interrupted. Polytheistic ideas continued to operate in the traditional representations of the Ossetians of the late XIX–early XXth centuries. Specific examples of erroneous interpretations of certain archaeological sites and materials from written sources, as well as methods and approaches in criticizing the solutions presented earlier by the author, are noted. The analysis is combined with the question of the original monotheistic «ideas», the artificiality of their application to the history of the Alans in modern conditions is objectively rejected.

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