scholarly journals Immunizing with information – Inoculation messages against conversational agents’ response failures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Severin Weiler ◽  
Christian Matt ◽  
Thomas Hess
Keyword(s):  
Performance Level ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
User Resistance ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Likelihood Model ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Qualitative Performance

AbstractConversational agents (CAs) are often unable to provide meaningful responses to user requests, thereby triggering user resistance and impairing the successful diffusion of CAs. Literature mostly focuses on improving CA responses but fails to address user resistance in the event of further response failures. Drawing on inoculation theory and the elaboration likelihood model, we examine how inoculation messages, as communication that seeks to prepare users for a possible response failure, can be used as an alleviation mechanism. We conducted a randomized experiment with 558 users, investigating how the performance level (high or low) and the linguistic form of the performance information (qualitative or quantitative) affected users’ decision to discontinue CA usage after a response failure. We found that inoculation messages indicating a low performance level alleviate the negative effects of CA response failures on discontinuance. However, quantitative performance level information exhibits this moderating effect on users’ central processing, while qualitative performance level information affected users’ peripheral processing. Extending studies that primarily discuss ex-post strategies, our results provide meaningful insights for practitioners.

Processing of Information about Location during Locomotion: Effects of Amount of Visual Information about the Locomotor Patterns

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Böök ◽  
Tommy Gärling
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Concurrent Task ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Light Line ◽  
Locomotor Patterns ◽  
Dark Room

How maintenance of orientation during locomotion in unfamiliar environments is accomplished was investigated by presenting subjects ( n = 32) a target in different locations in a dark room, having them walk linearly behind a moving light line (1.12 m/sec.), and from a stopping point 12 and 22.6 m away, numerically estimate direction and distance to the target. An equal number of subjects was assigned to each of 2 × 2 treatment levels: the starting point either visible or invisible from the stopping point and the target either visible only from the starting point or throughout each trial. In the conditions with invisible targets there were mainly negative effects of the visible starting point, partially the same as those previously obtained for a concurrent task during locomotion. The results suggested that maintenance of orientation is achieved by recurrent central processing of information, which if postponed leads to impaired performance mainly because forgetting occurs.

scholarly journals The Dark Side of Using Online Social Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Rich Spectrum

Research on online social networks (OSNs) has focused overwhelmingly on their benefits and potential, with their negative effects overlooked. This study builds on the limited existing work on the so-called ‘dark side’ of using OSNs. The authors conducted a systematic review of selected databases and identified 46 negative effects of using OSNs from the users’ perspective, which is a rich spectrum of users’ negative experiences. This article then proposed nomenclature and taxonomy for the dark side of using OSNs by grouping these negative effects into six themes: cost of social exchange, cyberbullying, low performance, annoying content, privacy concerns and security threats. This study then conducted structured interviews with experts to confirm the sense-making and validity of the proposed taxonomy. This study discusses the confirmed taxonomy and outlines directions for future research.

scholarly journals Diagnóstico del área financiera del sector supermercados e hipermercados en el departamento de Boyacá.

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
Jorge Enrique Romero Muñoz ◽  
Diana Carolina Castelblanco Vargas ◽  
Martha Liliana Bastidas Arandia
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Chambers Of Commerce ◽  
Management Area ◽  
Capital Tax ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Financial Environment ◽  
Tax Costs

El trabajo muestra las características generales del área financiera de las empresas del sector Supermercados e hipermercados del departamento de Boyacá con las variables: contabilidad, presupuestos, capital de trabajo, tributaria, costos, análisis de la gestión financiera y conocimiento del entorno financiero, se identifican las fortalezas y debilidades en el manejo del área financiera de las empresas, asícomo los puntos críticos de atención en cada una de las variables analizadas. La información se obtuvo a partir de la realización de un cuestionario de 60 preguntas dirigidas a una muestra de 173 empresarios del sector, registrados en las Cámaras de Comercio de Tunja, Duitama y Sogamoso, seleccionados de manera aleatoria, eneste cuestionario se evaluó el nivel de desempeño de los empresarios con respecto a las preguntas formuladas mediante una escala de valoración de 1 a 4. Los resultados obtenidos señalaron un desempeño muy bajo en el manejo del área financiera en las empresas del sector, ya que ninguna de las variables evaluadas supera los 3 puntos, de igual forma cabe resaltar que el área de Tributaria y Contabilidad, son las demayor preocupación en el sector.PALABRAS CLAVEDiagnóstico, área financiera, contabilidad, presupuestos, capital de trabajo, tributaria, costos. ABSTRACTThe work shows the general characteristics of the financial area companies Supermarkets and hypermarkets in the department of Boyacá with variables: accounting, budgeting, working capital, tax, costs, financial management analysis and knowledge of the financial environment, in this case are identified strengths and weaknesses in the financial management area businesses as well as the criticalpoints of care in each of the variables analyzed. The information was obtained from the realization of a questionnaire to 60 questions to a sample of 173 entrepreneurs registered in the Chambers of Commerce of Tunja, Duitama and Sogamoso, randomly selected, in this questionnaire, the performance level of the entrepreneurswas evaluated with respect to questions using a rating scale of 1-4. The results indicated a very low performance in the area of financial management companies in the sector, as any of the evaluated variables than 3 points, just as it should be noted that the area of Tax and Accounting, are of major concern in the sector.KEY WORDSDiagnostic, financial area, accounting, budgets, the capital of work, tributary, costs 

Do Financial Shocks Have Negative Effects on Small Businesses? New Evidence from Japan for the Late 1990s

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Tsuruta
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Credit Crunch ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Internal Funds ◽  
Low Performance

Abstract The banking literature suggests that the low performance of the banking sector can spread to real economic activities, especially small businesses. Many previous studies insist that the Japanese experience of the 1990s supports this argument. However, many studies of small businesses are often insufficient since they depend on aggregate data, even though small businesses are likely to face difficult constraints in their activities when financial problems are severe. In this study, we use firm-level data on small businesses and investigate whether bank-dependent small businesses face severe constraints on their activities, which lowers performance. Our results differ from the findings of previous work in this area. First, we show that per the widely used TANKAN statistics, the focus of many existing studies, is misleading and that a majority of respondents in this survey (at least 71%) report no worsening in the lending attitude of financial institutions in the so-called credit crunch period of 1998-1999 (or even in the 2000-2001 period). Second, using detailed firm level panel data from the Credit Risk Database, we find no significant reductions in the loans for the majority of small businesses. Third, while we do find evidence that bank-dependent firms increased reliance on internal funds during the period of the credit crunch (1998-2001), we find no evidence that this negatively impacted firm performance (as reflected in firm growth and profitability measures).

The double-edge effect of retailers’ cause-related marketing

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aïda Mimouni Chaabane ◽  
Béatrice Parguel
Keyword(s):  
Elaboration Likelihood ◽  
Warm Glow ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marketing Effectiveness ◽  
Cause Related Marketing ◽  
Double Edge ◽  
Likelihood Model ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Product Sales

Purpose – Cause-related marketing – linking product sales with donations to a cause – are popular with consumers because they produce warm-glow feelings (the positive route). But when they involve large donations, they may trigger consumer scepticism, reducing the warm glow (the negative route). Drawing on the elaboration likelihood model, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether large donations in cause-related marketing can produce consumer scepticism and reduce the warm-glow effect and positive attitude towards the retailer. Design/methodology/approach – An experiment varying the donation size (large, medium, small) in a cause-related marketing offer run by an office equipment retailer is set up. Hypotheses are tested using bootstrapping regression analyses. Findings – The negative route has the greater effect: scepticism towards the offer mediates the relationship between donation size and the warm glow. Furthermore, scepticism towards a large donation is higher (lower) for respondents scoring low (high) on altruism and high (low) on familiarity with cause-related marketing. Practical implications – When using cause-related marketing, retailers should choose their features and target audience carefully in order to reduce scepticism, e.g., small donations should be offered in promotions targeting consumers who are familiar with cause-related marketing and show low altruism. Originality/value – This study contributes to the recent research examining the negative effects of cause-related marketing by explicitly conceptualising and measuring scepticism towards cause-related marketing. The findings are also valuable because they indicate the importance of a shift in focus, away from the conventional question of cause-related marketing effectiveness to the more specific and under-investigated problem of the appropriate core target consumers.

Interpersonal Stress, Performance Level, and Parental Support: A Longitudinal Study among Highly Skilled Young Soccer Players

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico W. VanYperen
Keyword(s):  
Parental Support ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Interpersonal Stress ◽  
The Social ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Negative Feelings

This study of 65 highly skilled young male soccer players (mean age = 16.6 years) employed a 7-month longitudinal design to examine the causal relationship between performance level and interpersonal stress within the team. Particular attention was paid to the moderating effect of parental support. No evidence was found that interpersonal stress within the team was an important determinant of performance level. Rather, a low performance level leads to negative feelings about the social climate within the team. But this is only true under specific circumstances (i.e., when there is a perceived lack of parental support). The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Pacing strategy during Olympic Cross-Country Mountain Bike: effects of performance level, age and sex

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Everton Crivoi Do Carmo ◽  
Allan Inoue ◽  
Cesar Cavinato Cal Abad ◽  
Frederico Antonio dos Santos Andrade ◽  
Valmor Tricoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Pacing Strategy ◽  
Fast Start ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Age And Sex

Objectives: the aim of the present study was to verify the pacing strategy during a season of a Cross-Country Mountain Bike (XCO-MTB) and the effects of performance level, age and sex. Method: Overall, 802 paces in 4 age-sex categories were analyzed: male elite (EliteM; n = 272), female elite (EliteF; n = 170), male under-23 (U23M; n = 247) and female under-23 (U23F; n = 113). Races were divided into Initial Lap; middle one (Middle1); middle two (Middle2) and Final Lap. The athletes were divided into high performance (HP); intermediated performance (IP) and low performance (LP). The magnitude-based inference and the effect size were assessed to check the changes clinically important. Results: it was observed a similar fast-start strategy for all categories. Both HP EliteM and EliteF athletes showed higher speed in Final Lap than LP (EliteM - ES = 0.5; 90%CI -0.8 to -0.2; very likely and EliteF - ES = 1.0; 90%CI -1.4 to -0.6; almost certain). The U23F athletes showed higher speeds in Initial Lap than EliteF (ES = 0.21; 90%CI - 0.1 to 0.5; likely), however in Final Lap the speeds was lower in U23F (ES = 1; 90%CI -1.3 to -0.6; very likely). Conclusion: the fast-start strategy is typically used during a XCO-MTB race independently of performance level, age or sex. HP Elite athletes are able to maintain higher speeds in the Final Lap. U23F athletes used to do a more variable pacing strategy with more aggressive fast-start strategy and lower speed in Final Lap than EliteF.

scholarly journals THE TEACHER TRAINING DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ABOUT ONLINE LABORATORIES QUALITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Tammaro ◽  
◽  
Iolanda Sara Iannotta ◽  
Concetta Ferrantino
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Primary Teacher ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Online Laboratory ◽  
Remote Labs

The spread of novel Corona Virus and the resulting Covid-19 Pandemic has had a profound impact in our lives and most of daily activities have been upset. Negative effects crushed education and all around the world schools, universities and tertiary institutions had to shut down moving to Distance Learning. Distance Learning was in fact the global answer to continue educational activities and preserve students’ right to education. The United Nations Organization for Culture and Education (UNESCO) reports that ten months after rising pandemic, more than 331 million students worldwide are affected by the Pandemic and in 28 countries the schools are still closed (updated 09.12.2020). During the months of the first contagion curve, only 15% of teaching activities were delivered remotely, globally, thanks to Distance Learning. More than 1.5 billion students worldwide are or have been touched by the closure of schools and universities due to the Covid-19 Pandemic. Teachers and instructors world-wide had to find the best solution to fix the pedagogical challenge. For this reason, teaching strategies, methods and materials have been adapted to the online learning environment. Distance Learning refers to an electronic learning environment; generally, it is used if time and/or geographic conditions do not allow a direct contact between educators and students (King, Young, Drivere-Richmond & Schrader, 2001). UNESCO (2002) asserts that Distance Learning includes learning process carried out separately in time and space, through artificial electronic or print media; this holds also for a part of the educational process. Distance Learning requires specific evaluation procedures throughout qualitative and quantitative methodologies, focusing the performance assessment and the learning process (Benigno & Trentin, 1999). This article is a part of a wider research that wants to investigate the students’ experience about online Laboratory classes during Pandemic crisis. Based on a quantitative, non- experimental and ex-post-facto research, this article specifically investigates the strategies used during remote Labs students attended during the sanitary emergency. Data was collected through a no-tested research survey administered with an online free app. A voluntary response sample from 749 Single-cycle Primary Teacher Education students, from first year course to the fifth, attending university in one of the most important athenaeums in Southern Italy, at the end of their last second semester. Results from the closed-response questions show the use of a variety of strategies whose effectiveness should be assessed based on empirical evidence.

scholarly journals Advisory and Extension Services Related to the Supply of Agricultural Inputs in Cameroon: The Case of the Mifi and Menoua Divisions

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
Faylone Gaelle Mademguia Kuissu ◽  
Guillaume Hensel Fongang Fouepe ◽  
René Mbonomo Bikomo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Advisory Services ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Agricultural Input

Aims: The liberalization of the agricultural sector has facilitated the advent of multitude stakeholders with varied profiles involved in the provision of numerous services to agriculture. This study analyzes the advisory and extension services that support the provision of agricultural inputs in two Divisions of the Western Region of Cameroon (Mifi and Menoua). Study Design and Methodology: These areas are home to about 60% of the private agricultural input distributors involved in the provision of agricultural advisory and extension services within the region Data collected by questionnaire and interview guide were carried out with 62 agricultural inputs sellers with input shops on the one hand, and 7 managers of a number of organizations involved in the provision of agricultural services on the other hand.   Results: private agricultural input providers use several agricultural advisory and extension approaches: 42% among them use agricultural extension approach, while 32% use advice to the family farm approach, 21% use organizational capacity building advice and 5%, demand driven approaches. The terms for providing these agricultural extension and advisory services depend on the rationalities of each of these providers. Some agricultural extension and advisory services providers (NGOs, CIGs) promote agroecology through the diffusion of organic inputs, while others promote conventional agriculture through the popularization of synthetic chemical inputs. Access to services by beneficiaries are either paid-offerings or free-offerings. Findings also reveal that in some cases, the actions of some of these providers in the field are intertwined and lead to a collaborative relationship, while in other cases providers work completely compartmentalized leading to negative effects and low performance of the local agricultural extension and advisory system. Conclusion: The advent of private providers has increased the number of actors with various profiles leading to potential advantages (e.g., includes access to agricultural information). Yet these potentials have not yet been fully valorized in the provision of agricultural advisory and extension services to farmers. And the needs of farmers have only been partially met. It would be equally crucial to factor climate risks as integral part of extension and advisory services.

scholarly journals Cyclical Fluctuations, Financial Shocks, and the Entry of Fast-Growing Entrepreneurial Startups

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Albert ◽  
Andrea Caggese
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crises ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Financial Shocks ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Level Information ◽  
High Growth Potential

Abstract We analyze a multiyear, multicountry entrepreneurship survey with more than one million observations to identify startups with low and high growth potential. We confirm the validity of these ex ante measures with ex post firm-level information on employment growth. We find that negative aggregate financial shocks reduce all startup types, but their effect is significantly stronger for startups with high growth potential, especially when GDP growth is low. Our results uncover a new composition of entry channel that significantly reduces employment growth and is potentially important for explaining slow recoveries after financial crises.

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