scholarly journals Measuring hours worked in Germany – Contents, data and methodological essentials of the IAB working time measurement concept

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Wanger ◽  
Roland Weigand ◽  
Ines Zapf
Keyword(s):  
Time Measurement ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Measurement Concept

Working Time under Alternative Pay Contracts in the Ride-Sharing Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Belloc
Keyword(s):  
Network Effects ◽  
Network Externalities ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Static Model ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Intensive Margin ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Ride Sharing ◽  
Transportation Sector

AbstractWe study hours worked by drivers in the peer-to-peer transportation sector with cross-side network effects. Medallion lease (regulated market), commission-based (Uber-like pay) and profit-sharing (“pure” taxi coop) compensation schemes are compared. Our static model shows that network externalities matter, depending on the number of active drivers. When the number of drivers is limited, in the presence of positive network effects, a regulated system always induces more hours worked, while the commission fee influences the comparative incentives towards working time of Uber-like pay versus profit-sharing. When the number of drivers is infinite (or close to it), the influence of network externalities on optimal working time vanishes. Our model helps identifying which is the pay scheme that best remunerates longer working times and offers insights to regulators seeking to improve the intensive margin of coverage by taxi services.

scholarly journals Flexibilidad del tiempo de trabajo en España:

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Julián Moral Carcedo ◽  
Fernando García Belenguer-Campos ◽  
Valentín Bote Álvarez-Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Spanish Economy ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Part Time

In this paper we study how the part time employment and its determinants have evolved after the great recession started in 2008. As a consequence of the deepness of the recession, the Spanish economy has destroyed more than two million full time jobs. At the same time, the number of part-time jobs has slightly risen, but this evolution has not had a significant impact on the distribution of hours worked, which shows the lack of flexibility of our economy to deal with demand shortfalls by redistributing working time.

Some surprising facts about working time accounts and the business cycle in Germany

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 940-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almut Balleer ◽  
Britta Gehrke ◽  
Christian Merkl
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Employment Adjustment ◽  
Time Work ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
Short Time

Purpose Working time accounts (WTAs) allow firms to smooth hours worked over time. The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether this increase in flexibility has also affected how firms adjust employment in Germany over the business cycle. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses rich microeconomic panel data and fixed effects estimations to compare the employment adjustment of firms with and without WTAs. Findings The authors show that firms with WTAs show a similar separation and hiring behavior in response to revenue changes as firms without WTAs. One possible explanation is that firms without WTAs used short-time work (STW) to adjust hours worked instead. However, the authors find that firms with WTAs use STW more than firms without WTAs. Originality/value These findings call into question the popular hypothesis that WTAs were the key driver of the unusually small increase in German unemployment in the Great Recession.

Service Evaluation of Work Performed by Non-Consultant-Grade Doctors at Night

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Hassan ◽  
L McGrath ◽  
K Thomas ◽  
L Henderson ◽  
S Thangiaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
European Working

Issues relating to changes in the working practice for doctors have generated discussion in recent years, particularly in relation to the implementation of the European Working Time Regulations (EWTR). The EWTR's implications concerning medical care have revolved around a perception of improved patient safety via a reduction in hours worked, with tired doctors receiving adequate rest. However, it seems that the evidence to support this is far from clear.

scholarly journals Collective Employment Contracts and New Working Time Arrangements in New Zealand

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Harbridge ◽  
David Tolich
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
The Hours ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Statutory Regulation

The research reported in this paper examines the impact in New Zealand of the liberalisation of the statutory regulation on working time in collective employment contract bargaining. Specifically this research reports working time arrangements that are changed in three areas. First the reduction (or extension) of the working week - thus decreasing (or increasing) the number of hours worked by full time workers. Second, the scheduling of the hours worked each week by full time workers. Here changes to the span of days available (and whether that span includes weekend days) and the span of hours available for ordinary work each day have been identified. Third, the application of overtime payments and the specific overtime rate has been examined.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY USE OF WORKING TIME IN CAR SERVICE ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (50) ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
Ivanushko O ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Private Enterprise ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
The Individual

In the article to presents an analysis of the use of working time in car service enterprises (CSE) based on real statistical information, as well as an assessment of the efficiency of using working time and suggests ways to improve for specific CSE. The object of study – the standard and worked hours of the production personnel of car service enterprises, as well as the flow of applications and the duration of their execution. Objective – the analyze the use of working time by the production personnel of car service enterprises and assess the effectiveness of its use. Research Methods – analytical and statistical analysis, mathematical simulation. Today the urgency of the problem of efficient use of working time at enterprises is increasing. It is known that the effective work of any enterprise largely depends on the completeness and expediency of using the fund of working time. Working hours should be used by workers and employees exclusively for the performance of their labor function. The rational use of working time is acquiring great importance right now, in the conditions of the development of market relations and the complication of economic ties, when it is necessary to increase the scale of production. In a car service, the performance of maintenance and current repairs is standardized, but the total volume of services performed or standard hours worked does not always satisfy the CSE management. This is due to a wide variety of works and their specific performance, as well as the individual requirements of the clients themselves. One of the important tasks facing each enterprise is to reduce the loss of working time. That is why the study of the loss of working time should be carried out constantly by analyzing the structure of working time, identifying the reasons for non-fulfillment of norms, irrational expenditure of working time, since the time worked by workers is the main measure of labor. A significant contribution to the development of this area of scientific research was made by well-known scientists in Ukraine: A.I. Amosha, S.I. Bandur, A.F. Novikova, V.V. Onikienko, S.I. Pirozhkov, L.V. Shaulskaya and others. To study, we were used statistical data for work and the volume of services sold by four car service enterprises in Kiev: private entrepreneur Arsentiev I.V., private enterprise "Alkazar-Kiev", private enterprise "Jerman Autoservice" (Bosch Car Service), LLC "Avtobereg". These CSE are mainly engaged in complex maintenance and repair of individual components of passenger cars and keep track of the hours worked. To analyze the efficiency of using the working time of enterprises were used the coefficient of using the working time post КВРЧ and the auxiliary load factor post КЗ. On the basis of statistical information, it has been established that CSE data use 71...83% (КВРЧ = 0.71...0.83) of their planned annual working time fund. According to literary sources and regulations, the average value of the КВРЧ coefficient for CSE is 0.87...0.98. So one would assume that CSE data is inefficiently using working hours. But this indicates that the working conditions of the CSE have changed, and therefore it is necessary to revise these norms. To solve this problem, it is necessary to additionally analyze the individual operating conditions of the CSE and determine the maximum possible operating parameters. At the same time, the coefficients КЗ and КВРЧ can be used to assess the effectiveness of the CSE and the use of working time directly. But they do not make it possible to accurately determine the reasons for the decrease or increase in efficiency, as well as ways to improve it. KEYWORDS: CAR SERVICE ENTERPRISE, WORKING TIME, THE COEFFICIENT OF USE OF WORKING TIME OF THE FAST, THE COEFFICIENT OF LOADING OF THE FAST, EFFICIENCY OF USE.

scholarly journals PRODUKTIVITAS PENEBANGAN PADA HUTAN JATI (Tectona Grandis) RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN BONE

PERENNIAL ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Andi Mujetahid M.
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Time Measurement ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Time Length ◽  
Descriptive Method

Community teak forest in Bone Regency was +- 4,220 ha in wide, spreading in Amali, Ulaweng, Bengo, Mare, Tonra, Kahu, Salomekko, Ajangale, Dua Boccoe, Lamuru, Tellulimpoe, Lappariaja, Libureng, Palakka, Bontocani and Ponre Subdistricts. The descriptive method was used to describe and clarify felling activities of community teak forest. The quantitative approach was conducted by recording and analyzing the data such as working time, length, diameter, volume, , productivity, etc. Time measurement of each work element with non stop method to get total time. The study was aimed to felling productivity with chainsaw 5,12 m3 /day. Key words: community teak forest, felling, working time, productivity

scholarly journals Changing patterns of working time arrangements in registered collective agreements in New Zealand

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Harbridge ◽  
Michael Dreaver
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
Important Measure ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Changing Patterns

Internal numerical flexibility (working hours, overtime and shift arrangements) is an important measure of the overall flexibility of the labour market. New Zealand's industrial legislation on working time arrangements is permissive and allows the parties to collective bargaining considerable freedom. However, awards and agreements have generally limited the 40 hour week to certain clock hours worked between Monday to Friday. Overtime and shift arrangements provide for work outside these clock hours. The research reported in this paper examines changes to working time arrangements in registered collective settlements in the 1987/88 wage round. Over 30 percent of registered settlements contained a change to their working time arrangements with agreements being significantly more likely than awards to contain such a change. At least one more flexible working time arrangement was introduced in over 80 percent of those settlements.

Working Hours of United Kingdom Psychiatric Trainees: Findings From the BoSS Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s297-s298
Author(s):  
J.N. Beezhold ◽  
K. Beezhold ◽  
G. Lydall ◽  
A. Malik ◽  
A. Podlesek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Working Time ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Working Time Directive

IntroductionThe international burnout syndrome study (BoSS) examined burnout in psychiatry trainees and associated factors. Long working hours were significantly associated with burnout.AimsA high rate of severe burnout in UK psychiatric trainees (38%) was found in the BoSS study. This paper looks at the working hours of UK trainees.MethodsData collected during the BoSS study included information related to working hours, looking in particular at the working time directive rules. A total of 3964 UK psychiatric trainees were invited to take part, of which 1187 (30%) responded, and 811 (20%) provided complete responses for working hours questions.ResultsThe mean age was 33 years, with 49.1% males and equal gender distribution of participants and non-participants. The mean hours of contracted work per week were 42.7 (42.2–43.2) for men, versus 41.1 (40.4–42.0) for women. Actual hours worked were significantly higher at 46.2 (45.0–47.4) for men and 46.0 (44.9–47.1) for women. Forty-six percent of trainees breached one or more working time directive (WTD) safety limits.ConclusionActual hours worked among psychiatric trainees in the United Kingdom are about 10% higher than contracted hours. Female trainees also work more uncontracted hours than male trainees. This is significant when considering the association between hours of work and burnout, and also adds to the perception that women have to work harder for the same recognition as men. Forty-six percent of trainees breached WTD limits.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Scope of Nursing Care in Polish Intensive Care Units

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Wysokiński ◽  
Anna Ksykiewicz-Dorota ◽  
Wiesław Fidecki
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Time Measurement ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Continuous Observation ◽  
Staff Scheduling ◽  
Time Schedule ◽  
Nursing Time ◽  
Organizational Conditions ◽  
Median Test ◽  
The Difference

Introduction. The TISS-28 scale, which may be used for nursing staff scheduling in ICU, does not reflect the complete scope of nursing resulting from varied cultural and organizational conditions of individual systems of health care.Aim. The objective of the study was an attempt to provide an answer to the question what scope of nursing care provided by Polish nurses in ICU does the TISS-28 scale reflect?Material and Methods. The methods of working time measurement were used in the study. For the needs of the study, 252 hours of continuous observation (day-long observation) and 3.697 time-schedule measurements were carried out.Results. The total nursing time was 4125.79 min. (68.76 hours), that is, 60.15% of the total working time of Polish nurses during the period analyzed. Based on the median test, the difference was observed on the level ofχ2=16945.8, P<0.001between the nurses’ workload resulting from performance of activities qualified into the TISS-28 scale and load resulting from performance of interventions within the scopes of care not considered in this scale in Polish ICUs.Conclusions. The original version of the TISS-28 scale does not fully reflect the workload among Polish nurses employed in ICUs.

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