scholarly journals Roses: the latest chapter in the conflicted history of controlling irrigation water in the Ecuadorian Andes

Water History ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-226
Author(s):  
Patricio Mena-Vásconez ◽  
Rutgerd Boelens ◽  
Jeroen Vos
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recent Arrival ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Water Justice ◽  
External Actors

Abstract The history of the Pisque watershed in the Ecuadorian Andes is one of local livelihoods and resources being disrupted by external actors: Incas in Pre-Columbian times, Spaniards during the era of Conquest and Colonisation, and, during the Republic, white-mestizo elites followed by international businesses. Local communities have suffered from, rebelled against, and adapted to adverse, ever-changing socioeconomic, environmental, and political conditions. We trace this history from a political–ecological standpoint, applying the Echelons of Rights Analysis framework and the hydrosocial territory concept to examine conflicts over resources, norms, authorities, and discourses related to irrigation water. The centuries-old saga of battles over water in Pisque helps us understand the latest chapter in the story: the onset of rose agribusinesses, inheritors of the privileges of colonial haciendas. The recent arrival (ca. ten years ago) of small locally managed greenhouses adds complexity to the “food vs. flowers” dichotomy. It also makes it difficult to predict the effects on local attitudes to food security, water justice, and sovereignty.

Ahyiamu-‘A Place of Meeting’: an Essay on Process and Event in the History of the Asante State

1984 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. McCaskie
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Historic Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Republic

The present paper is one in a series of essays on the political economy of the West African forest kingdom of Asante (Ashanti), now located in the Republic of Ghana. In general terms it surveys and explores aspects of the crucial issue of control over subjects and land within the Asante social formation. At the broadest level, it seeks to offer a description of fluctuations in the ability of central government in Kumase to mediate and to preside over the distribution of these resources between the foundation of the state in the early eighteenth century and the present day. It is argued that until approximately the middle of the nineteenth century the history of Asante is the history of the embedding, expansion and triumph of central government control. Thereafter, for a number of reasons that are discussed, matters changed. In terms of these changes the crucial decade was the 1880s, and the paper demonstrates how, in the closing stages and the immediate aftermath of the civil war (1883–8), a revolutionary reversal was effected in the general developmental thrust of Asante history. That is, at a meeting in Kumase in 1888, and at an oath-taking ceremony at Ahyiamu in the following year, the historic control of central government over subjects and land was challenged and substantially liquidated. That the implications of this revolutionary change were distorted in a number of ways was due to the imposition of British colonial rule at the close of the nineteenth century. The remainder of the paper attempts briefly to demonstrate how, in the twentieth century, and in the context of changing socio-political conditions, the battle over resources between central government in Kumase and its opponents remains a live and complex issue.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN POTENSI SEJARAH DAN BUDAYA UNTUK PRODUK WISATA BERKELANJUTAN DI KABUPATEN SEMARANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titin Fatimah ◽  
Rode Ayu Wahyuning Putri ◽  
Revalino Tigor Hasudungan
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Implementation Method ◽  
Economic Contribution ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Early Establishment

Semarang Regency is the main route in the Joglosemar area (Jogja-Solo-Semarang), its position is very strategic and has quite a lot of tourist attractions, but historic attraction is still less managed. For  example,  the  history of  Ki  Pandan  Aran  II  related  to  the  early establishment of Semarang Regency has not been fully utilized. It has only been commemorated in anniversaries, but not packaged into a tour package. For this reason, it is necessary to package the Semarang Regency anniversary  activities  into  an  attractive  tour  package.  The  implementation  method  uses literature studies, interviews, and FGD. This community service activity is collaborated with the  Deputy  for  Destination  Development  of  the  Ministry  of  Tourism  of  the  Republic  of Indonesia and Commission X of the Indonesian Parliament and the Semarang Regency Tourism Office. Based on interviews and literature studies result, the potential assets and tourist attractions were  compiled.  During the FGD, the preparation of historical tour packages was discussed. The commemoration activities are usually carried out in stages starting with a pilgrimage to the graves of Ki Pandan Aran II and Bayat Klaten, Kirab Merti Bumi, followed by Jamasan Pusaka, and the main event. Packaging these activities in order to become an attractive tour package, is carried out by combining pre-event and post-event activities in the form of visits to several other tourist destinations in the Regency and City of Semarang. This tour package is expected to provide direct economic contribution to local communities while maintaining the sustainability of local historical and cultural valuesABSTRAK:Kabupaten Semarang merupakan jalur lintas utama di Kawasan Joglosemar (Jogja-Solo-Semarang) sehingga posisinya sangat strategis. Dilihat dari sektor kepariwisataan, Kabupaten Semarang memiliki cukup banyak daya tarik wisata, namun daya tarik sejarah belum tergarap dengan baik. Sebagai contoh, potensi sejarah Ki Pandan Aran II terkait dengan awal berdirinya Kabupaten Semarang belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Sejauh ini hanya diperingati dalam rangkaian peringatan hari jadinya, namun belum dikemas menjadi paket wisata yang bisa ditawarkan ke wisatawan. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan upaya pengemasan kegiatan peringatan hari jadi Kabupaten Semarang tersebut mejadi sebuah paket wisata yang menarik. Metode pelaksanaan dengan menggunakan studi literatur, wawancara, dan FGD. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat kali ini sekaligus merupakan kegiatan kerjasama antara Deputi Bidang Pengembangan Destinasi Kementerian Pariwisata RI dan Komisi X DPR RI serta Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Semarang. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan studi literatur, disusunlah aset potensi dan daya tarik wisata yang dimiliki oleh Kabupaten Semarang. Pada saat FGD, dibahas penyusunan paket wisata sejarahnya. Kegiatan peringatan Hari Jadi Kabupaten Semarang biasanya dilakukan bertahap dimulai dengan ziarah ke makam Ki Pandan Aran II dan Bayat Klaten, Kirab Merti Bumi, dilanjutkan Jamasan Pusaka, dan acara puncak. Pengemasan kegiatan tersebut agar mejadi sebuah paket wisata yang menarik, dilakukan dengan cara mengkombinasikan dengan kegiatan pre-event dan post-event berupa kunjungan ke beberapa destinasi wisata lainnya di Kabupaten dan Kota Semarang. Paket Wisata ini diharapkan bisa memberikan kontribusi ekonomi secara langsung ke masyarakat lokal sekaligus menjaga keberlangsungan nilai-nilai sejarah dan budaya setempat.

The Legal Status of Local Government in South Africa under the New Constitutional Dispensation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbuzeni Mathenjwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The history of local government in South Africa dates back to a time during the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910. With regard to the status of local government, the Union of South Africa Act placed local government under the jurisdiction of the provinces. The status of local government was not changed by the formation of the Republic of South Africa in 1961 because local government was placed under the further jurisdiction of the provinces. Local government was enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa arguably for the first time in 1993. Under the interim Constitution local government was rendered autonomous and empowered to regulate its affairs. Local government was further enshrined in the final Constitution of 1996, which commenced on 4 February 1997. The Constitution refers to local government together with the national and provincial governments as spheres of government which are distinctive, interdependent and interrelated. This article discusses the autonomy of local government under the 1996 Constitution. This it does by analysing case law on the evolution of the status of local government. The discussion on the powers and functions of local government explains the scheme by which government powers are allocated, where the 1996 Constitution distributes powers to the different spheres of government. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on the legal status of local government within the new constitutional dispensation.

RUSSIAN-BELARUSIAN TUTORIAL "HISTORY OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR. ESSAYS ON THE SHARED HISTORY"

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-88
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kosovan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent States ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Integration Project ◽  
Second World

The paper provides a review on the joint Russian-Belarusian tutorial “History of the Great Patriotic War. Essays on the Shared History” published for the 75th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War. The tutorial was prepared within the project “Belarus and Russia. Essays on the Shared History”, implemented since 2018 and aimed at publishing a series of tutorials, which authors are major Russian and Belarusian historians, archivists, teachers, and other specialists in human sciences. From the author’s point of view, the joint work of specialists from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in such a format not only contributes to the deepening of humanitarian integration within the Union state, but also to the formation of a common educational system on the scale of the Commonwealth of Independent States or the Eurasian integration project (Eurasian Economic Union – EEU). The author emphasises the high research and educational significance of the publication reviewed when noting that the teaching of history in general and the history of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War in particular in post-Soviet schools and institutes of higher education is complicated by many different issues and challenges (including external ones, which can be regarded as information aggression by various extra-regional actors).

Illegal Migration in Tunisian Rap

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Mohamed Chamekh
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Legislative Measures ◽  
The Eu

This article explores illegal migration through Tunisian rap. It considers this music an aspect of resistance and protest against the socio-economic and political conditions obliging thousands of Tunisians to cross the Mediterranean in makeshift boats in search of better prospects and challenging the increasing security and legislative measures crippling mobility imposed by the EU and Tunisian authorities. This article contends that harga songs document the history of the working class in Tunisia and carve the identity of harraga as people who have been marginalised for generations. It concludes that EU-Tunisia security talks and dialogues remain ineffective as long as the root causes of illegal migration have not been addressed. Keywords: illegal migration, Tunisian rap, resistance, marginalization, security, immobility, identity

Halting Forest Encroachment in Terai: What Role for Community Forestry?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
Prabin Bhusal ◽  
Naya Sharma Paudel ◽  
Anukram Adhikary ◽  
Jisan Karki ◽  
Kamal Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Local Livelihoods

This paper highlights the lessons of using adaptive learning in community forestry that effectively help to resolve forest based conflicts in Terai region of Nepal. The paper is based on a three-year action research carried out in Terai. Qualitative methods including participatory rural appraisal tools and documentation of engaged action and reflections were used. Methods and tools that largely fall under adaptive learning were deployed. The field data was complemented by review of secondary data and literature on environmental history of Terai. We found that policies on land and forest in Terai for the last fifty years have induced and aggravated conflicts over access and control between state and communities and also within diverse groups of local communities. These conflicts have had serious negative impacts on sustainable management of forests and on local people’s livelihoods, particularly resource poor and landless people. Centralised and bureaucratic approaches to control forest and encroachment have largely failed. Despite investing millions of Rupees in maintaining law and order in forestlands, the problem continues to worsen often at the cost of forests and local communities. We found that transferring management rights to local communities like landless and land poor in the form of community forestry (CF) has induced strong local level collective action in forest management and supported local livelihoods. Moreover, adding adaptive learning, as a methodological tool to improve governance and enhance local level collective action significantly improves the benefit of CF. It implies that a major rethinking is needed in the current policies that have often led to hostile relationships with the local inhabitants- particularly the illegal settlers. Instead, transferring forest rights to local communities and supporting them through technical aspects of forest management will strengthen local initiatives towards sustainable management of forests.

The 13th of December 1981 in the political history of Poland: view through 35 years

2017 ◽  
pp. 369-378
Author(s):  
Vladislav Strutynsky
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Grassroots Organizations ◽  
Martial Law ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Salvation ◽  
The Republic

By analyzing one of the most eventful periods of the modern history of Poland, the early 80s of the XX century, the author examines the dynamics of social and political conflict on the eve of the introduction of martial law, which determines the location of the leading political forces in these events in Poland, that were grouped around the Polish United Labor Party and the Independent trade union «Solidarity», their governing structures and grassroots organizations, highlighting the development of socio-political situation in the country before entering the martial law on the 13th of December and analyzing the relation of the leading countries to the events, especially the Soviet Union. Also, the author distinguishes causes that prevent to reach the compromise in the process of realization different programs, that were offered to public and designed by PUWP and «Solidarity» and were “aimed” to help Polish society to exit an unprecedented conflict. This article provides a comparative analysis of the different analytical meaningful reasons, offered by historians, political scientists, lawyers, and led to the imposition of martial law in the Republic of Poland. The author also analyses the legality of such actions by the state and some conclusions that were reached by scientists, investigating the internal dynamics of the conflict and the process of implementation of tasks, that Polish United Workers’ Party (which ruled at that time) tried to solve with martial law and «Solidarity» was used as self-determination in Polish society. Keywords: Martial law, Independent trade union «Solidarity», inter-factory strike committee, social-political conflict, Polish United Workers’ Party, the Warsaw Pact, the Military Council of National Salvation

scholarly journals THE HISTORY OF BILINGUAL DICTIONARIES RECONSIDERED: AN ANCIENT FRAGMENT RELATED TO PS.-PHILOXENUS (P.VARS. 6) AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Eleanor Dickey
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

Abstract This article identifies a papyrus in Warsaw, P.Vars. 6, as a fragment of the large Latin–Greek glossary known as Ps.-Philoxenus. That glossary, published in volume II of G. Goetz's Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum on the basis of a ninth-century manuscript, is by far the most important of the bilingual glossaries surviving from antiquity, being derived from lost works of Roman scholarship and preserving valuable information about rare and archaic Latin words. It has long been considered a product of the sixth century a.d., but the papyrus dates to c.200, and internal evidence indicates that the glossary itself must be substantially older than that copy. The Ps.-Philoxenus glossary is therefore not a creation of Late Antiquity but of the Early Empire or perhaps even the Republic. Large bilingual glossaries in alphabetical order must have existed far earlier than has hitherto been believed.

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