scholarly journals Sleep quality and COVID-19 outcomes: the evidence-based lessons in the framework of predictive, preventive and personalised (3P) medicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kneginja Richter ◽  
Stefanie Kellner ◽  
Thomas Hillemacher ◽  
Olga Golubnitschaja
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Medical Approach ◽  
Poor Outcomes

AbstractSleep quality and duration play a pivotal role in maintaining physical and mental health. In turn, sleep shortage, deprivation and disorders are per evidence the risk factors and facilitators of a broad spectrum of disorders, amongst others including depression, stroke, chronic inflammation, cancers, immune defence insufficiency and individual predisposition to infection diseases with poor outcomes, for example, related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Keeping in mind that COVID-19-related global infection distribution is neither the first nor the last pandemic severely affecting societies around the globe to the costs of human lives accompanied with enormous economic burden, lessons by predictive, preventive and personalised (3P) medical approach are essential to learn and to follow being better prepared to defend against global pandemics. To this end, under extreme conditions such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, the reciprocal interrelationship between the sleep quality and individual outcomes becomes evident, namely, at the levels of disease predisposition, severe versus mild disease progression, development of disease complications, poor outcomes and related mortality for both - population and healthcare givers. The latter is the prominent example clearly demonstrating the causality of severe outcomes, when the long-lasting work overload and shift work rhythm evidently lead to the sleep shortage and/or deprivation that in turn causes immune response insufficiency and strong predisposition to the acute infection with complications. This article highlights and provides an in-depth analysis of the concerted risk factors related to the sleep disturbances under the COVID-19 pandemic followed by the evidence-based recommendations in the framework of predictive, preventive and personalised medical approach.

The Importance of a Healthy Lifestyle in the Era of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina S. Petersen ◽  
Andrew M. Freeman ◽  
Penny M. Kris-Etherton ◽  
Kim Allan Williams Sr. ◽  
Koushik R. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Lifestyle Practices ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Short Time

Existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its modifiable risk factors are associated with increased mortality from coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Clinical attention has focused on acute interventions for COVID-19, but reducing upstream risks associated with poor outcomes must occur in parallel. This is particularly urgent because risk factors for COVID-19 death are prevalent, and the pandemic has negatively impacted lifestyle and socioeconomic factors that augment these risks. Evidence-based lifestyle interventions have a generally short time-to-benefit, and lower risk of CVD and improve markers of immune function. Wider promotion of healthy lifestyle practices will improve the CVD health of the population and could favorably impact COVID-19 outcomes. Research examining how lifestyle modification affects COVID-19 susceptibility and severity is urgently needed.

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Number of Daily Health-Related Behavioral Risk Factors and Sleep Health of the Elderly in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 4905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Liu ◽  
Jingshu Chen ◽  
Jiayi Zhou ◽  
Jianjian Liu ◽  
Chanida Lertpitakpong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Multiple Health

This study examined the cross-sectional association among a number of daily health-related behavioral risk factors and sleep among Chinese elderly. A sample of 4993 adults, aged 60 years and older, from the China’s Health-Related Quality of Life Survey for Older Adults 2018 was included in this study. Five daily health-related behaviors, which included smoking, drinking, unhealthy eating habits, insufficient leisure activities, and physical inactivity were measured. Sleep disturbances and sleep quality were used to represent the respondents’ sleep status. Multiple logistic regression models and multiple linear regression models were established. The odds ratios (ORs) of sleep disturbances for those with one to five health-related risk behaviors were 1.41 (95% CI = 1.11 to 1.78), 2.09 (95% CI = 1.66 to 2.63), 2.54 (95% CI = 1.99 to 3.25), 2.12 (95% CI = 1.60 to 2.80), and 2.49 (95% CI = 1.70 to 3.65), respectively. Individuals with one health-related risk behavior (B = 0.14, 95% CI = −0.23 to −0.06), two health-related risk behaviors (B = 0.21, 95% CI = −0.30 to −0.13), three health-related risk behaviors (B = 0.46, 95% CI = −0.55 to −0.37), four health-related risk behaviors (B = 0.50, 95% CI = −0.62 to −0.39), and five health-related risk behaviors (B = 0.83, 95% CI = −1.00 to −0.66) showed lower scores of self-perceived sleep quality. Having multiple health-risk behaviors was positively correlated with a higher risk of sleep disturbances among Chinese elderly. Moreover, elderly individuals with multiple health-related risk behaviors were significantly associated with poorer sleep quality.

scholarly journals Sleep in Intensive Care Unit Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Sleep Analysis ◽  
Improve Sleep Quality ◽  
Seriously Ill Patients

Sleep disturbances are common among patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU); however, these issues tend to receive less attention because critical care is prioritized in seriously ill patients. Recent studies have reported that sleep disturbances in patients admitted to the ICU are associated with delirium, weakened immunity, long-term cognitive decline, and persistent sleep disorders. Sleep disturbances in the ICU are attributable to the disease per se and also to the ICU environment that is not conducive to good sleep. Continuous exposure to light and noise are major environmental risk factors that disrupt the circadian rhythm and interfere with deep sleep. Sleep analysis using polysomnography in patients admitted to the ICU typically reveals increase in sleep latency, sleep fragmentation, and decreased stage N3 and rapid eye movement sleep, which are associated with poor prognosis even in patients with severe neurological conditions, including traumatic brain injury and intracranial hemorrhage. Polysomnography is the gold standard for objective evaluation of sleep; however, its applicability is limited in ICU settings, and novel methods such as continuous electroencephalographic spectral analysis and actigraphy have recently been proposed in clinical practice. Efforts to reduce nighttime light and noise (which are modifiable environmental factors) can improve sleep quality. In this article, the author reviews the studies that discuss characteristics of sleep disturbances, the associated risk factors and their correlation with prognosis among patients admitted to the ICU, as well as possible strategies to improve sleep quality in this patient population.

scholarly journals Working Mode and Physical Activity as Factors Determining Stress and Sleep Quality during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Poland

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Anna Lipert ◽  
Kamila Musiał ◽  
Paweł Rasmus
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Short Form ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
High Stress Level

The coronavirus pandemic and related government restrictions have a significant impact on peoples’ everyday functioning and working, which influences their physical and mental health. The aim of the study was to examine the associations between stress and sleep quality of people of different working modes: working in the workplace (WP), working remotely (RW), and nonworking (NW) in relation to their physical activity (PA) during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Poland. It was an online survey performed during governmental lockdown in April 2020. The data were collected form 1959 adults using International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form (IPAQ-SF), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The conducted analysis included t-Student test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and mediation analysis (MANOVA). A moderate level of stress was reported in 57% of participants, and 34% of them reported a high stress level. Poor sleep quality was reported in 64% of participants. Total PA performed daily was, on average, 184.8 ± 170.5 min/day for WP, 120.6 ± 124.4 min/day for RW, and 124.6 ± 114.7 min/day for NW (p < 0.001). There was a relationship observed between the stress and sleep quality vs. PA habit and working mode, with p < 0.05. Being physically active can be beneficial to perceive less stress and sleep disturbances influencing sleep quality, especially in remotely or nonworking people. Planning future pandemic restrictions, the policymakers should be aware of the appropriate guidelines of work planning and PA recommendations for people of different working modes.

scholarly journals Sleep Well and Recover Faster with Less Pain—A Narrative Review on Sleep in the Perioperative Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2000
Author(s):  
Reetta M. Sipilä ◽  
Eija A. Kalso
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Know How ◽  
Before And After

Sleep disturbance, pain, and having a surgical procedure of some kind are all very likely to occur during the average lifespan. Postoperative pain continues to be a prevalent problem and growing evidence supports the association between pain and sleep disturbances. The bidirectional nature of sleep and pain is widely acknowledged. A decline in sleep quality adds a risk for the onset of pain and also exacerbates existing pain. The risk factors for developing insomnia and experiencing severe pain after surgery are quite similar. The main aim of this narrative review is to discuss why it is important to be aware of sleep disturbances both before and after surgery, to know how sleep disturbances should be assessed and monitored, and to understand how better sleep can be supported by both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Differences in Sleep Quality among Older Adults: Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-478
Author(s):  
Kristen M. George ◽  
Rachel L Peterson ◽  
Paola Gilsanz ◽  
Dan M. Mungas ◽  
M. Maria Glymour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background: We assessed cross-sectional differences in sleep quality and risk factors among Asian, Black, Latino, and White participants in the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) Study.Methods: KHANDLE enrolled community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years living in northern California. Participants completed a modified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to measure six sleep components and a global sleep score (scored 0-24). Covari­ates included age, sex, central adiposity, education, income, alcohol consumption, ever smoking, physical activity, and depres­sion. Ordinal logistic regression was used to model sleep component scores across race/ ethnic groups. Linear regression was used to assess racial/ethnic differences in global sleep score and the association between risk factors and global sleep score.Results: 1,664 participants with a mean age of 76 (SD=7) and mean global sleep score of 6 (SD=4) were analyzed. Using Latinos as reference (highest average sleep score), Blacks had an average .96 (.37, 1.54) unit higher global sleep score (worse sleep) while Asians [β: .04 (-.56, .63)] and Whites [β: .28 (-.29, .84)] did not significantly differ. Compared with Latinos, Blacks and Asians had greater odds of a worse score on the sleep duration component; Blacks and Whites had greater odds of a worse score on the sleep disturbances component; and, Whites had greater odds of a worse score on the medication component. Risk factors for poor sleep did not differ by race/ethnic­ity except alcohol consumption (interaction P=.04), which was associated with poor sleep in Blacks only.Conclusion: In this cohort, racial/ethnic differences in sleep quality were com­mon. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(3):469-478; doi:10.18865/ed.30.3.469

Associations between childhood maltreatment, poor sleep, and prenatal distress in pregnant adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sophie Foss ◽  
Hanna C. Gustafsson ◽  
Obianuju O. Berry ◽  
Alison E. Hipwell ◽  
Elizabeth A. Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Pregnant Adolescents ◽  
Prenatal Distress

Abstract Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a known risk factor for adolescent pregnancy. Sleep disturbances and psychological distress, both common negative sequelae of CM, often co-occur during pregnancy, although directionality remains unclear. Furthermore, little is known about how CM affects sleep–distress associations during pregnancy. In pregnant adolescents, we examined: (a) whether there are significant predictive associations from CM to sleep quality and distress and (b) bidirectional influences of distress and sleep quality. Healthy pregnant adolescents (n = 204) were recruited before or during the 2nd trimester. CM was assessed at enrollment; sleep quality and distress were assessed in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Hypotheses were tested using path analysis. Findings revealed that CM was associated with worse 2nd trimester sleep quality and distress (β = .19, p < .05 for sleep; β = .30, p < .001 for distress). Higher levels of 2nd trimester distress were associated with lower 3rd trimester sleep quality (β = .19, p < .05). Findings provide novel information about (a) associations from CM to prenatal mood and sleep in pregnant adolescents, and (b) sleep–distress directionality over the course of pregnancy. These results have implications for better understanding the ways in which CM potentially exerts influences later in life, and for targeting interventions to address physical and mental health during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Risk factors of sleep disturbances in elderly patients after thoracic surgery: a preliminary clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
Yao Liu ◽  
Jia Jia ◽  
Fudong Tang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Thoracic Surgery ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Chronic Insomnia ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Surgical Duration

Abstract BackgroundTo identify the risk factors of sleep disturbances in elderly patients after thoracic surgery.MethodsWe enrolled 200 patients, all aged > 65, who underwent elective thoracic surgery and had American Society of Anesthesiology physical status II–III. We recorded general information, surgical diagnosis, type of operation, surgical duration, bleeding, nerve block, and dexmedetomidine dose given by controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA). We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at the end of PCIA to evaluate subjective sleep quality; we also recorded postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting. We divided patients into a non-sleep disturbances group and a sleep disturbances group with PSQI \(\ge\)5 as the cutoff.ResultsA total of 76 (45%) of the patients had sleep disturbances after thoracic surgery. There were significant differences between groups in terms of chronic insomnia, hypertension, diabetes, BMI, age, surgical diagnosis, type of operation, surgical duration, bleeding, nerve block, and dexmedetomidine dose in PCIA. Logistic regression analysis revealed that chronic insomnia, BMI, diabetes, surgical diagnosis, type of operation, surgical duration, bleeding, and postoperative pain were independent risk factors of postoperative sleep disturbances. This analysis also showed that nerve block and dexmedetomidine dose in PCIA were significant protective factors of postoperative sleep disturbances.ConclusionChronic insomnia, BMI, diabetes, surgical diagnosis, type of operation, surgical duration, bleeding, and postoperative pain are independent risk factors of postoperative sleep disturbances in elderly patients. Nerve block and the dose of dexmedetomidine in PCIA are protective.Trial registrationChiCTR2000035169; retrospectively registered on 01.08.2020.

scholarly journals Sleeping under the waves: a longitudinal study across the contagion peaks of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Salfi ◽  
Aurora D’Atri ◽  
Daniela Tempesta ◽  
Michele Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
Risk Categories

AbstractAfter the March–April 2020 COVID-19 outbreak, a second contagion wave afflicted Europe in autumn. This study aimed to evaluate sleep health/patterns of Italians during this further challenging situation.A total of 2013 Italians longitudinally participated in a web-based survey during the two contagion peaks of the COVID-19 outbreak. We investigated the risk factors for sleep disturbances during the second wave, and we compared sleep quality and psychological well-being between the two assessments (March–April and November–December 2020). Female gender, low education, evening chronotype, being at high-risk for COVID-19 infection, reporting negative social or economic impact, and evening smartphone overuse predicted a higher risk of poor sleep and insomnia symptoms during the second wave. Advanced age, living with high-risk subjects for COVID-19 infection, and having a relative/friend infected with COVID-19 before the prior two weeks were risk categories for poor sleep quality. Living with children, having contracted COVID-19 before the prior two weeks, being pessimistic on the vaccine, and working in healthcare were risk factors for insomnia symptoms. The follow-up assessment highlighted reduced insomnia symptoms and anxiety. Nevertheless, we showed reduced sleep duration, higher daytime dysfunction and sleep medication use, and advanced sleep phase, confirming the alarming prevalence of poor sleepers (∼60%) and severe depression (∼20%) in a context of increased perceived stress.This study demonstrated a persistent impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep and mental health. Large-scale interventions to counteract the chronicity and exacerbation of sleep and psychological disturbances are necessary, especially for the risk categories.

The Preschool Stuttering Screen for Health Care Professionals

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Joseph Donaher ◽  
Christina Deery ◽  
Sarah Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Developmental Profile

Healthcare professionals require a thorough understanding of stuttering since they frequently play an important role in the identification and differential diagnosis of stuttering for preschool children. This paper introduces The Preschool Stuttering Screen for Healthcare Professionals (PSSHP) which highlights risk factors identified in the literature as being associated with persistent stuttering. By integrating the results of the checklist with a child’s developmental profile, healthcare professionals can make better-informed, evidence-based decisions for their patients.

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