scholarly journals A preliminary pollution appraisal of western backwater at Karachi Coastal area

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamir Alamgir ◽  
Noor Fatima ◽  
Moazzam Ali Khan ◽  
Muttiur Rehman ◽  
Syed Shahid Shaukat
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Purification System ◽  
Heavy Pollution ◽  
Pollution Profile ◽  
Natural Purification

Abstract This study aims at preliminary analysis of pollution profile of western backwater. The site is very important from the ecological perspective. The mangrove ecosystem of the study area is of prime significance, whilst the study area is receiving heavy pollution load from Lyari River. The water samples were collected from the pre-designated locations and analyzed for physical and biochemical characteristics. The BOD and COD concentrations of the samples were extremely higher from the environmental and ecological viewpoint. The heavy inorganic and organic load is coming from the domestic and industrial effluents coming from Lyari River. Oil and grease concentrations were also extremely higher in all these sites indicating the hampering of natural purification system of water. The concentration of phenol also indicates the emptying of industrial effluent at the Lyari River outfall. The heavy influx of the nutrients in the form of nitrogen and phosphate represents the problem of eutrophication at the study area. Out of all 7 sites, L-7 was most polluted as it was closed to the Lyari River outfall. The extent of pollution is at the following order L-7 > L-5 > L-6 > L-4 > L-3 > L-2 > L-1.

scholarly journals Unveiling the Potential of Novel Macrophytes for the Treatment of Tannery Effluent in Vertical Flow Pilot Constructed Wetlands

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobia Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
Nasser A. Al-Suhaibani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Leptochloa Fusca ◽  
Preferred Species ◽  
Brachiaria Mutica

The phytoremediation potential of macrophytic species has made them an inevitable component of constructed wetlands (CWs) for the treatment of industrial effluents. The macrophytes must have tolerance for the harsh conditions imposed by effluents for an effective establishment of the CW system. In this context, the basic purpose of this work was to investigate the efficacy of five indigenous emergent macrophytes (Brachiaria mutica, Canna indica, Cyperus laevigatus, Leptochloa fusca, and Typha domingensis) for the remediation of tannery effluent in vertical subsurface flow CWs. The ability of each macrophytic species to tolerate pollution load and to remove pollutants from the effluent was assessed. The effect of tannery effluent on the survival and growth of macrophytes was also studied. The treated tannery effluent samples were analyzed for electrical conductivity (EC), pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), chlorides (Cl−), sulphates (SO42−), oil and grease, and Cr levels. All of the studied macrophytes significantly decreased the pollution load of tannery effluent, and the higher nutrient content of effluent stimulated their growth without any signs of negative health effects. Leptochloa fusca and T. domingensis performed better in removing pollutants and showed higher growth rates and biomass than other tested macrophytes and can be considered preferred species for use in CWs treating tannery effluent. Brachiaria mutica showed morphologically better results than C. indica and C. laevigatus.

scholarly journals Assessment of Surface Water Quality of River Kali-east: A Tributary of River Ganga in Uttar Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Rana
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
River Ganga

Abstract River Kali-East, a tributary of river Ganga, is a non-perennial river of India which is highly driven by the discharge of sewage and industrial effluent. Twenty-seven locations on the entire stretch (approx. 550 km) of river Kali-East were monitored which indicated that color varied as 20-200 Hazen, dissolved oxygen (DO) as 0-8.16 mg/l, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) as 6.6-410 mg/l, chemical oxygen demand (COD) as 22-1409 mg/l, total suspended solids as 38-4386 mg/l, total dissolved solids as 180-2536 mg/l and fecal coliform as 4.9 × 102 - 34 × 107 MPN/100 ml. High BOD and COD in the river revealed untreated/partially treated industrial discharge into the river and the self-purification capacity of the river Kali-East has been inhibited for a long distance by heavy and undiminished influx of domestic sewage into the river. Twenty-six drains discharge a total organic load of 148 tonnes per day into the river. Maximum pollution load was contributed by Odean Nala (42%) in Meerut district. This study recommends strict regulatory norms for discharge of industrial effluents by the industries in the catchment area of the river, reduction in sewage treatment gap by utilizing alternative treatment technologies (such as constructed wetlands) and proper dilution of polluted river water to improve the overall quality of the river.

The Effect of Metallic and Ionic Species on the Performance of a Biological Effluent Treatment System

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-212
Author(s):  
B. Volesky ◽  
Q. Samak ◽  
P. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Abstract Review of the available results appearing in the recent literature is presented focusing particularly upon the effects of metallic ions such as Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, V, Zn, Ni and Co. Some original data involving the effects of Na are presented and discussed. Development of parameters used in evaluating the influence of toxic or inhibitory species on the mixed microbial population of an activated sludge system is of crucial importance and different techniques employed such as BOD-COD-TOC-removal rates, Oxygen Uptake Rate, and others are discussed, showing relative inadequacy of currently applied assays. From the data available, certain trends can be discerned. There is a definite threshold concentration for each metallic ion, depending on the organic load of the feed. In the order of increasing toxicity to activated sludge systems reflected in lower BOD removals the following metals have been listed as inhibiting factors at concentrations starting from 1 ppm applied on a continuous basis: hexavalent chromium, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, trivalent chromium, copper and nickel. Metals in combination have not been reported to exhibit any significantly different effects as compared to those observed with individually introduced metallic ions. Tolerance of some activated sludge systems to shock loadings by various inorganic ions and metals is reviewed. The conclusions are of particular importance for estimating the performance of biox systems handling industrial effluents which are likely to contain toxic components of inorganic or metallic nature.

scholarly journals Environmental Pollution Around Dhaka EPZ and its Impact on Surface and Groundwater

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
MKA Khan ◽  
M Alam ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MQ Hassan ◽  
MA Al-Mansur
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Clay Layer ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Industrial sector is gradually playing a more important role in Bangladesh economy and EPZs have provided a good platform of industrial establishment. Dhaka EPZ since its establishment has altered the fragile environment of the surrounding area. Huge amount of effluents discharged from Dhaka EPZ has been polluting the surface and groundwater. Surface water contamination by industrial effluents released from Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ) and the ramification to groundwater have been estimated. The study involves analyzing physicochemical properties along with major Anionic contaminants in waste water samples. Conversely their potential transmission into groundwater has been evaluated by analyzing HTW water samples from the surrounding area. Some important physical parameters were measured while collecting the sample in field condition. The suite of 6 major anions (F-, Cl-, NO2-, NO3-, SO4-2 and HCO3-) have been measured in ppm level of concentration by analyzing with chemically suppressed Ion Chromatograph while HCO3- content was determined by Titration method. Analysis reveals pH maximum 9.55, DO maximum 2.40 mg/L, TDS maximum 1280 mg/L, Bi-carbonate maximum 891 mg/L, Sulfate maximum 452 mg/L, Chloride maximum 179 mg/L, Nitrate maximum 44 mg/L and Fluoride not above detection limit. Higher concentration of Cl-, SO4-2, NO3- in waste water samples compared to the standard by DOE (Department of Environment) as well as background concentration from uncontaminated water can be correlated with industrial effluent discharge. On the other hand low level of concentration found in groundwater samples indicates that groundwater is still safe. This phenomenon is explained by the presence of impervious clay layer. Key words: Dhaka EPZ; Effluent; Madhupur Tract; Contaminants; DOE; Environment; Clay layer DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.8181 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 153-162, 2011

scholarly journals Hydrogeological study of mangrove areas around Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Gerson Cardoso da Silva Júnior ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Braga ◽  
Ingrid De Carvalho Lage
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Petrochemical Complex ◽  
Hydrogeological Study ◽  
Hydrogeological Studies

The study area covers part of the mangrove belt located around Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Representing a continental-marine transition, the mangrove ecosystem is very susceptible to environmental variations and impacts. The vegetation cover plays an important role in prevention of erosion and contamination processes in those areas. An ongoing extensive research effort in the Petrochemical Complex of Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, focuses on the man-induced changes in the physical environment (soils, groundwater flow system, type and volumes of contaminants, geochemical aspects) and the consequences on the neighboring mangrove ecosystem. This article describes the importance of hydrogeological studies in mangrove areas as part of an appropriate environmental assessment, taking as an example an industrial dumping area located in that Petrochemical Complex. Field work included extensive drilling and sampling to obtain basic geological and hydrogeological parameters and data in the pilot area, such as hydraulic conductivity and piezometric heads; emphasizing the tracking of possible contamination by industrial effluents and the marine influence; validation of the conceptual model with mathematical models (numerical and analytical models) was carried out. Results show the great importance of well conducted and detailed hydrogeological studies to properly address environmental problems caused by industrial plants in mangrove areas.

scholarly journals Growth and leaf epidermal response of three Sesamum indicum varieties to industrial effluent irrigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Abdul Rahaman ◽  
OM Olaniran ◽  
FA Oladele
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Epidermal Features

The effect of industrial effluents was studied with respect to growth and leaf anatomy of three Sesamum indicum varieties (NGB 00931, NGB 00937 and NGB 00939). Industrial effluents (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) from two industries are used to irrigate the plants. Although, the control plants possessed larger leaves and longer stems than the effluent-treated plants, at lower concentration, the plant growth is relatively higher. Gradual decrease in the germination of seeds and seedling growth with increase in effluent concentration was observed. The best germination and seedling growth was observed at the 25% concentration. Leaf epidermal features (stomatal density, stomatal index, stomatal size, trichome density, tricome index, trichome size and number of epidermal cells) are more influenced in the effluent-treated plants than in the control plants from the Peace Standard Pharmaceutical Industry than in the effluent from the Global Soap & Detergent Industry. Thus the industrial effluents can be safely used for irrigation purposes with proper treatment and dilution at 25%.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(1), 1-6, 2017

scholarly journals Production of fibrinogenolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes by a strain of Penicillium sp. isolated from contaminated soil with industrial effluent

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 40606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillian Maria Baggio ◽  
Luciano Aparecido Panagio ◽  
Fabiana Guillen Moreira Gasparin ◽  
Daniele Sartori ◽  
Maria Antonia Pedrine Colabone Celligoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzymes ◽  
Health Area ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Selection Of

Cardiovascular diseases associated with thrombosis are one of the main causes of death all around the world. Urokinase, streptokinase, and tissue plasminogen activator are the major thrombolytic agents used to treat thrombosis. However, the fact that these agents have several side effects and high prices has driven the search for safer and more economically viable compounds for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of fungi isolated from industrial effluents to produce fibrino(geno)lytic enzymes. The selection of the protease-producing strains showed that only the BF20 strain was able to produce proteolytic halos in milk agar. This strain identified as belonging to the genus Penicillium was cultivated in submerged fermentation. Different media composition were tested to evaluate proteolytic activity, and the results showed that the medium containing 0.1% yeast extract and 1% skim milk, pH 5.0, present higher azocaseinolytic activity (0.24 U mL-1 min.-1). This sample also showed the ability to degrade fibrinogen and fibrin after 15 and 120 min. of incubation, respectively. These results indicate that the BF20 strain has a thrombolytic potential, effectively degrading fibrinogen and fibrin, having great application in the health area.

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment of Sirsiya River

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binod Prasad Shah ◽  
Bhoj R Pant
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Industrial Corridor

The parameters such as temperature, PH, TSS, TDS, ammonia, phenol, cyanide, sulfide, oil and grease, chloride, DO, COD and BOD were taken to assess the water quality of Sirsiya river, central southern Nepal. Water samples were collected from upstream to downstream from the point receiving industrial effluent to Sirsiya river. It receives wastewater burden of more than 250 industries along Bara/Parsa industrial corridor. All the parameters except oil and grease were found within the generic standard. The study revealed that the physic-chemical characteristic of the river water was changing as a result of the discharge of untreated effluents from different industries. This may impact on water quality of Sirsiya river and also pose human health problems. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 141-146 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7727

Sources of Pollution of the Estuary of the River Nervion, Spain – A Case Study

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (5-7) ◽  
pp. 95-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Azkona ◽  
S H Jenkins ◽  
H M G Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Sulphide Concentration

This paper describes part of a comprehensive multidisciplinary study of the pollution of the estuary of the River Nervion, Bilbao, Spain. The objectives of the study were to determine the sources and loads of pollution from domestic sewage and industrial wastewater; provide information on the extent of pollution; formulate hydrodynamic and predictive models capable of forecasting the effects on the estuary of the anticipated growth of population and industry; determine the amount of polluting matter that would have to be removed in order to reach defined estuary water quality standards; arrive at suitable technical methods able to attain these standards at minimum cost; determine the treatability of wastewater discharges and recommend methods for controlling industrial wastewater. These objectives necessitated a survey of the pollution loads from domestic sources and industry which were discharged to the fresh water and tidal reaches of four major tributaries in addition to the main river Nervion; the results of this part of the survey are described in this paper. The presence of iron in discharges from iron ore mining and metal processing was found to aid flocculation of organic matter and the consequent deposition of sludge in the estuary. This action and the rate of oxygen uptake during the decomposition of such deposits are also described. The domestic sewage of the study area receives treatment in septic tanks before discharging to rivers or the estuary. In spite of free hydrogen sulphide and high concentrations being present in the septic tank effluents, odour nuisance does not occur, because, as is shown in the paper, of the formation of ferrous sulphide. The hydrogen sulphide concentration in the atmosphere at a pumping station was found to be above the safety level. The industrial load of impurity was estimated to be approximately 15% higher than the domestic load, but it is extremly difficult to find a rational basis on which comparisons may be made between domestic sewage and a mixture of industrial effluents containing substances inimical to biological activity. The industrial effluent was contained in a very large volume of water, much of it taken from the estuary for cooling or process water. It is calculated that if the industrial pollutants had been contained only in the fresh water used by industry the COD of the mixture would have been 1317 mg/l; the suspended solids 2143 mg/l; the ammonia nitrogen 191 mg/l; iron 1037 mg/l; other heavy metals 118 mg/l; fluoride as F 14.5 mg/l; cyanide as CN 8.1 mg/l; oil 196 mg/l; phenols 8.1 mg/l; mercury 0.13 mg/l; and the mixture would have had an excess of acidity of 5188 mg/l. An estimate of the load of substances having an oxygen demand indicated that of the total oxygen demand discharged to the system of rivers and estuary approximately 50% entered the estuary from the main tributaries, the remainder being discharged directly to the estuary. An outline is given of the methods that would be used to determine the treatability of industrial effluents which were rendered acceptable for discharge into public sewers.

scholarly journals Adsorptive Removal of Copper Ions from Polluted Water Using Sorbents Derived from Cordia dichotoma, Albizia thompsonii and Polyalthia cerasoides Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 2653-2659
Author(s):  
Tumma Prasanna Kumar Reddy ◽  
Sayana Veerababu ◽  
Malireddy Venkata Sai Mohan Reddy ◽  
Kunta Ravindhranath
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Direct Applicability

Three different activated carbons as effective adsorbents were prepared by digesting the stems of Cordia dichotoma, Albizia thompsonii and Polyalthia cerasoides plants in conc. H2SO4 for Cu2+ removal from wastewater. The sorption natures of these sorbents are optimized with respect to various physico-chemical characteristics for the maximum Cu2+ removal using simulated waters. Cordia dichotoma (CDAC), Albizia thompsonii (ATAC) and Polyalthia cerasoides (PCAC) activated carbons show good sorption capacities of values: 97.0, 76.8 and 66.7 mg/g, respectively in a wide pH ranges. Unlike that of other two activated carbons, Cordia dichotoma activated carbon is effective even in acid conditions, indicting its direct applicability to Cu-based industrial effluents which are generally acidic in nature. Interference of two fold excess of co-ions is minimal. The established extraction conditions for the removal of more than 95.0% from 10 ppm Cu2+ solution at room temperature (303 K) using CDAC as sorbent are: pH: 3-9; time of equilibration: 1 h; sorbent dosage: 0.100 g/100 mL; with ATAC: pH: 6-9; time of equilibration: 1.5 h and sorbent dosage: 0.125 g/100 mL; and with PCAC: pH: 6-9; time of equilibration: 2.0 h and sorbent dosage 0.50 g/100 mL. Spent adsorbents can be regenerated and reused until four cycles with minimal loss of adoption capacities. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the sorption is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Further, the ΔH value for CDAC is 30.156 KJ/mol; it indicates the strong chemisorption and may be through reduction to Cu+/Cu and/or complex formation between Cu2+ and functional groups of the adsorbent. The ΔH values of other two activated carbons, ATAC and PCAC, indicated that the sorption is mainly physical with strong inclination towards chemical nature. Positive ΔS values of all the three sorbents, emphasizes the disorder or randomness at the solid-liquid interface and hence favourable conditions for more penetration of Cu2+ into the surface layers of the adsorbent and hence, more removal of Cu2+ ions. The negative ΔG values indicate that the sorption forces are good enough to cross the potential barrier at the solid-liquid interface and hence the process is spontaneous. The prepared three activated carbons were also successfully applied to industrial effluent and polluted lake samples.

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