scholarly journals Market-based measures and their impact on green shipping technologies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Carbon Pricing ◽  
Investment Appraisal ◽  
Shared Savings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Straightforward Approach ◽  
Green Shipping

AbstractIn the strategy on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), market-based measures (MBMs) are considered feasible mid-term measures. Thus, the relevance of MBMs for the shipping industry can be expected to grow in the future and, consequently, carbon and other GHG emissions will impact the investment appraisal for greening technologies. This paper illustrates the impact of carbon pricing on the valuation of greening technologies (especially wind-assisted propulsion technologies) and on the relevant decision-making. In this regard, the straightforward approach of a direct acquisition and installation of the respective technology is considered and compared against innovative financing models, such as shared savings. Hence, the Fuzzy Pay-Off Method (FPOM) is applied in order to visualize the risks and chances linked to MBMs. Due to the economic life of greening technologies, the results are already relevant for today’s investment appraisals, even though carbon pricing has not been enforced so far.

scholarly journals Assessing farmers' contribution to greenhouse gas emission and the impact of adopting climate-smart agriculture on mitigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ayeah Israel ◽  
Joseph Amikuzuno ◽  
Gideon Danso-Abbeam
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Generalized Poisson ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The adoption of climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices is expected to improve farmers’ adaptation to climate change and also increase yields while simultaneously curbing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This paper explores the determinants of smallholder farmers’ participation in GHG-emitting activities. It also estimates the impact of CSA activities on reducing GHG emissions. Methods The findings are based on survey data obtained from 350 smallholder farmers in the East Gonja district of Northern Ghana. We adopted the generalized Poisson regression model in identifying factors influencing farmers’ participation in the GHG emission practices and inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) to estimate the impact of CSA adoption on GHG emissions. Results Most farming households engaged in at least one emission activity. The findings of the generalized Poisson model found that wealthier households, higher education, and households with access to extension services were less likely to participate in GHG emission activities. There was also evidence that CSA adoption significantly reduces GHG emissions. Conclusion Advocacy in CSA adoption could be a necessary condition for environmental protection through the reduction of GHG emissions.

scholarly journals Selection of Energy Upgrades for Canadian Single-Detached Residential Households Based on Occupancy Profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 943 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
M R Kamal ◽  
M M Riyadh ◽  
R Zahid ◽  
A Rana ◽  
M Kamali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Energy Model ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Carbon Mitigation ◽  
Building Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Energy Efficient Building ◽  
Occupancy Profile

Abstract The use of energy efficient building systems can play a key role in reducing energy consumption and the adverse impacts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. The occupancy profile of residential dwellings has a notable influence on the effectiveness of selecting appropriate energy upgrade retrofits. Building simulation models can be integrated to determine the impact of independent occupancy profile in realizing a building’s carbon mitigation target. In this paper, the most desirable energy upgrade retrofits are suggested for three different occupancy profiles by considering important economic parameters, such as the initial investment, payback period and environmental parameter such as GHG emissions. The three occupancy profiles considered were a single adult, couple without children and couple with children. For this purpose, a calibrated energy model was developed for a single-detached family household in British Columbia, Canada, which was equipped with power sensors for monitoring the real time energy data. From the calibrated energy model, three different energy upgrade retrofits (solar, window, and wall/roof insulation) were modelled for the occupancy profiles chosen and the most suitable energy upgrades were suggested. The results show that solar panels contributed the most in energy cost reduction and upgraded windows had the least GHG emission. With suitable financial initiative, the combination of all the three energy upgrades can be the best option in terms of environment and economy.

scholarly journals Waste generation and carbon emissions of a hospital kitchen in the US: Potential for waste diversion and carbon reductions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247616
Author(s):  
Cassandra L. Thiel ◽  
SiWoon Park ◽  
Aviva A. Musicus ◽  
Jenna Agins ◽  
Jocelyn Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Weight ◽  
Waste Diversion ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

This study measured the total quantity and composition of waste generated in a large, New York City (NYC) hospital kitchen over a one-day period to assess the impact of potential waste diversion strategies in potential weight of waste diverted from landfill and reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. During the one-day audit, the hospital kitchen generated 1515.15 kg (1.7 US tons) of solid waste daily or 0.23 kg of total waste per meal served. Extrapolating to all meals served in 2019, the hospital kitchen generates over 442,067 kg (487 US tons) of waste and emits approximately 294,466 kg of CO2e annually from waste disposal. Most of this waste (85%, 376,247 kg or 415 US tons annually) is currently sent to landfill. With feasible changes, including increased recycling and moderate composting, this hospital could reduce landfilled waste by 205,245 kg (226 US tons, or 55% reduction) and reduce GHG emissions by 189,025 kg CO2e (64% reduction). Given NYC’s ambitious waste and GHG emission reduction targets outlined in its OneNYC strategic plan, studies analyzing composition, emissions, and waste diversion potential of large institutions can be valuable in achieving city sustainability goals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of GHG Emission Measures Based on Shipping and Shipbuilding Market Forecasting

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2760
Author(s):  
Yujiro Wada ◽  
Tatsumi Yamamura ◽  
Kunihiro Hamada ◽  
Shinnosuke Wanaka
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Zero Emission ◽  
Liquid Natural Gas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ship Speed

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the global shipping sector have been increasing due to global economic growth. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set a goal of halving GHG emissions from the global shipping sector by 2050 as compared with 2008 levels, and has responded by introducing several international regulations to reduce the GHG emissions of maritime transportation. The impact of GHG emissions’ regulation and measures to curb them have been evaluated in the IMO’s GHG studies. However, the long-term influence of these GHG emission measures has not yet been assessed. Additionally, the impact of various GHG reduction measures on the shipping and shipbuilding markets has not been considered; accordingly, there is room for improvement in the estimation of GHG emissions. Therefore, in this study, a model to consider GHG emission scenarios for the maritime transportation sector was developed using system dynamics and was integrated into a shipping and shipbuilding market model. The developed model was validated based on actual results and estimation results taken from a previous study. Subsequently, simulations were conducted, allowing us to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of GHG emission-curbing measures using the proposed model. Concretely, we conducted an evaluation of the effects of current and future measures, especially ship speed reduction, transition to liquid natural gas (LNG) fuel, promotion of energy efficiency design index (EEDI) regulation, and introduction of zero-emission ships, for GHG emission reduction. Additionally, we conducted an evaluation of the combination of current and future measures. The results showed that it is difficult to achieve the IMO goals for 2050 by combining only current measures and that the introduction of zero-emission ships is necessary to achieve the goals. Moreover, the limits of ship speed reduction were discussed quantitatively in relation to the maritime market aspect, and it was found that the feasible limit of ship speed reduction from a maritime market perspective was approximately 50%.

Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change Policies on the Market for Forest Industrial Residues

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1787
Author(s):  
Emily Hope ◽  
Bruno Gagnon ◽  
Vanja Avdić
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Composite Panel ◽  
Carbon Pricing ◽  
Industrial Residues ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Of Canada ◽  
The Impact

As part of the Pan-Canadian Framework (PCF) on Clean Growth and Climate Change, the Government of Canada (GoC) introduced carbon pricing and is in the process of developing a Clean Fuel (CF) Standard. Both policies are key elements of the PCF and aim to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through the use of lower carbon fuels, including bioenergy. Carbon pricing and the CF Standard are expected to increase the demand for biomass feedstocks, possibly threatening feedstock availability for existing forest industrial residues users, including composite panel manufacturers. To assess the potential impact of carbon pricing and the CF Standard on Canadian composite panel producers, a Monte Carlo-based model was developed to estimate possible increases in feedstock price-points that composite panel manufacturers may face as a result of increases in bioenergy consumption. Results suggest that the composite panel industry may be negatively impacted in the long-term (2030) by the relative price increase of fossil fuels covered by carbon pricing and additional revenues for biofuel suppliers from CF Standard credits, assuming no other adjustments to the market. Although these results are preliminary in that the analysis excludes external market factors that could influence the outcome, there is evidence that such policies have the potential to generate supply risks for the Canadian composite panel industry without careful consideration of the associated externalities.

scholarly journals Energy Recovering Using Regenerative Braking in Diesel–Electric Passenger Trains: Economical and Technical Analysis of Fuel Savings and GHG Emission Reductions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fayad ◽  
Hussein Ibrahim ◽  
Adrian Ilinca ◽  
Sasan Sattarpanah Karganroudi ◽  
Mohamad Issa
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Energetic Approach ◽  
Electric Brake ◽  
The Impact

Rail transport, specifically diesel–electric trains, faces fundamental challenges in reducing fuel consumption to improve financial performance and reduce GHG emissions. One solution to improve energy efficiency is the electric brake regenerative technique. This technique was first applied on electric trains several years ago, but it is still considered to improve diesel–electric trains efficiency. Numerous parameters influence the detailed estimation of brake regenerative technique performance, which makes this process particularly difficult. This paper proposes a simplified energetic approach for a diesel–electric train with different storage systems to assess these performances. The feasibility and profitability of using a brake regenerative system depend on the quantity of energy that can be recuperated and stored during the train’s full and partial stop. Based on a simplified energetic calculation and cost estimation, we present a comprehensive and realistic calculation to evaluate ROI, net annual revenues, and GHG emission reduction. The feasibility of the solution is studied for different train journeys, and the most significant parameters affecting the impact of using this technique are identified. In addition, we study the influence of electric storage devices and low temperatures. The proposed method is validated using experimental results available in the literature showing that this technique resulted in annual energy savings of 3400 MWh for 34 trains, worth USD 425,000 in fuel savings.

scholarly journals Reducing GHG Emissions at Military Vessels

2020 ◽  
Vol XXIII (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Coșofreț Doru
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Global Emissions

The shipping industry is responsible for 3% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, emissions mainly resulting from the combustion of fuels in naval energy aggregates. The current requirements for a 50% reduction in GHG emissions by 2050 represent a challenge for maritime transport, as there is no effective solution to reduce this emissions from ships. Thus, the current problem is represented by insufficient methods to reduce CO2 emissions on board ships, in particular for ships which are in service for more than 10 years, which are the most affected by these environmental requirements, since their design did not take into account the reduction of ecological parameters. In this context, even if military vessels are not subject to IMO GHG emission reduction requirements, they must be aligned with global emissions reduction efforts. This article presents actually operational and technological solutions to reduce CO2 emissions that can be deployed on board military vessels, until other technical solutions or power supply solutions for non-polluting renewable energy aggregates are identified.

scholarly journals Global Oil Price and Innovation for Sustainability: The Impact of R&D Spending, Oil Price and Oil Price Volatility on GHG Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1757
Author(s):  
Elyas Abdulahi Mohamued ◽  
Masood Ahmed ◽  
Paula Pypłacz ◽  
Katarzyna Liczmańska-Kopcewicz ◽  
Muhammad Asif Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Empirical Finding ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Oil Price Volatility ◽  
The Impact

Recently, sustainable economic growth has taken the front line of the global development agenda. The common dependency on fossil fuel energy, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the continuous rising demands for energy have posed challenges that put the world in a climate change trap. This work empirically analyzes the effect of innovation, oil price, oil price volatility and economic growth on GHG emissions over the period of 1991–2015. The study compares the emission level between European Union countries (EU) (26), oil-producing countries (22), China and the United States of America (USA) using the Driscoll–Kraay model. The main empirical finding points to a positive effect of innovation on GHG emission reduction initiatives in oil-importing economies. Particularly, EU countries significantly minimized emissions due to innovation, followed by China and the USA. Contrarily, the effect of innovation increases GHG emission in oil-exporting economies. The results also indicate broader significant effects of oil price and oil price volatility on GHG emission. Interestingly, the effect of oil price on GHG emission is asymmetrical between oil-exporting and -importing economies. Oil price increases in oil-importing countries decrease GHG emission; contrarily, its effect increases emissions in oil-exporting countries. Thus, oil-exporting countries lack motivation to decrease emission levels due to oil price escalation. Unlike the oil price, oil price volatility comparably decreases GHG emissions in oil-exporting and -importing economies. Thus, one might be tempted to take oil price volatility and the future uncertainty of oil price as a virtuous instance rather than oil price increment. Thus, policymakers need to pay attention to market forces and policy measures to monitor GHG emissions due to economic activities. The results are also robust under the alternative econometrics estimation model of generalized method of moments (GMM)-Differenced.

Costs and Benefits of the Transition to Low-carbon Economyin Russia: Perspectives up to 2050

2014 ◽  
pp. 70-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bashmakov ◽  
A. Myshak
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Emissions Mitigation ◽  
Very High

This paper investigates costs and benefits associated with low-carbon economic development pathways realization to the mid XXI century. 30 scenarios covering practically all “visions of the future” were developed by several research groups based on scenario assumptions agreed upon in advance. It is shown that with a very high probability Russian energy-related GHG emissions will reach the peak before 2050, which will be at least 11% below the 1990 emission level. The height of the peak depends on portfolio of GHG emissions mitigation measures. Efforts to keep 2050 GHG emissions 25-30% below the 1990 level bring no GDP losses. GDP impact of deep GHG emission reduction - by 50% of the 1990 level - varies from plus 4% to minus 9%. Finally, very deep GHG emission reduction - by 80% - may bring GDP losses of over 10%.

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