Market-based measures and their impact on green shipping technologies

In the strategy on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), market-based measures (MBMs) are considered feasible mid-term measures. Thus, the relevance of MBMs for the shipping industry can be expected to grow in the future and, consequently, carbon and other GHG emissions will impact the investment appraisal for greening technologies. This paper illustrates the impact of carbon pricing on the valuation of greening technologies (especially wind-assisted propulsion technologies) and on the relevant decision-making. In this regard, the straightforward approach of a direct acquisition and installation of the respective technology is considered and compared against innovative financing models, such as shared savings. Hence, the Fuzzy Pay-Off Method (FPOM) is applied in order to visualize the risks and chances linked to MBMs. Due to the economic life of greening technologies, the results are already relevant for today’s investment appraisals, even though carbon pricing has not been enforced so far.

Research on Coupling Coordination and the Development of Green Shipping and Economic Growth in China

The shipping industry is an important indicator of economic development, and it is closely related to economic growth. At present, China’s economy has moved from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. The popularization of the green shipping concept also creates higher requirements for sustainable economic development. The core innovation point of this paper is to construct an index system of green shipping and economic growth in China, and to measure the coupling coordination degree and relative development degree of the two through the comprehensive development index in the form of overall and regional division. This is rarely covered in the existing literature. By constructing an index system for green shipping and economic growth, this paper calculates a comprehensive development index for the two systems and studies the degree of coupling coordination and relative development of the comprehensive system. The results show that, first, during the observation period, the comprehensive system of green shipping and economic growth in China has maintained a growth trend, rising from a near imbalance to a good coordination level, and the two have developed into a synchronous state. Second, the development of the Yangtze River Delta has been relatively rapid, closely followed by that of the Pearl River Delta, while the Bohai Rim area has seen the slowest development. Since 2010, China’s comprehensive system of 11 coastal provinces has mostly left the imbalanced state and it entered the coordination state by 2019. The results of the study provide some suggestions for the coordinated development of green shipping and economic growth.

DAMPAK IMPLEMENTASI GREEN SHIPPING PADA PERUSAHAAN PELAYARAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi implementasi Green Shipping pada industri Perkapalan dan Transportasi Laut Kalimantan Timur yang sesuai aturan International Maritime Organization yang dimuat dalam Marine Pollution Regulasi Annex VI. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder berupa data spesifikasi kapal TB. Rezky 27. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis kuantitatif yaitu mengolah data perhitungan jumlah konsumsi bahan bakar, menghitung faktor emisi, simulasi perhitungan penggunaan bahan bakar dan membandingkan biaya konsumsi bahan bakar. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa berdasarkan perhitungan konsumsi lima bahan bakar yang dapat digunakan kapal, bahan bakar LNG memiliki biaya konsumsi paling kecil dibanding bahan bakar lainnya namun ketersediaan LNG sebagai bahan bakar alternatif masih kurang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan industri pelayaran selanjutnya biaya konsumsi bahan bakar Solar dan HSFO (High Sulfur Fuel Oil) memiliki biaya yang kecil namun mengharuskan kapal menggunakan scrubber sehingga berdampak pada perusahaan pelayaran yang harus mengeluarkan biaya investasi untuk pembelian Scrubber. Penggunaan bahan bakar methanol sebagai bahan bakar alternatif karena ramah lingkungan dapat digunakan di industri pelayaran namun diperlukan modifikasi dan penyesuaian pada mesin kapal sehingga berdampak pada biaya yang harus ditanggung oleh perusahaan. Penggunaan bahan bakar LSFO (Low Sulfur Fuel Oil) berdasarkan perhitungan konsumsi bahan bakar memiliki biaya yang paling tinggi diantara bahan bakar lainnya namun bahan bakar ini adalah bahan bakar yang sesuai dengan aturan IMO.

Green Shipping—Multifunctional Marine Scrubbers for Emission Control: Silencing Effect

Scrubber systems abate the sulphur oxide emissions of engines when cheap fuel oils that are high in sulphur content are employed as combustibles. However, the ships with these voluminous devices installed on board is space demanding. This work analyses the feasibility of incorporating the acoustic abatement of the exhaust gas noise functionality into the scrubber design to provide a combined scrubber–silencer system. For this purpose, a finite element analysis is performed on a simple expansion chamber, which is assessed using both analytical and experimental data. The transmission loss is the acoustic parameter chosen in this work. The numerical model depicts a good correlation with the transmission loss measured on a model scale scrubber. Finally, scrubber geometry modifications alter the transmission loss, changing and/or enhancing its featuring. These abilities indicate the feasibility to confer to scrubber silencing effects.

The Evolution of Green Shipping Practices Adoption in the International Maritime Industry

Seaborne trade exhibits a continual expansion with technological advancement, reportedly 10.7 billion tons in 2017, with a 3.8% growth annually. It is forecast to double in the next two decades (UNCTAD, 2018). The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is persistently heading to stricter regulatory amendments to steer shipping towards a greener and more sustainable future. Therefore, green shipping has drawn enormous interest from both academia and researchers. This paper summarizes a comprehensive bibliometric analysis aiming to understand the development of research trends in this area and suggest future research. Most of the research is focused on air pollution, practical operation or technical measures, recycling for GSP in the shipping sector. The theoretical approach to GSP and its concept is yet to be crystalline for the marine industry. According to existing research, further study is required to establish a GSP construct and propose pollution abatement technical solutions with a comprehensive evaluating tool. Besides, scholars from different territories may collaboratively suggest setting up standards and legislation of GSP for the life cycle of the ship to achieve an ever-sustainable maritime transport industry worldwide.

Green shipping onboard: acceptance, diffusion & adoption of LNG and electricity as alternative fuels in Greece

Today, alternative fuels are seen as a critical area of sustainable technological growth in maritime transport. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO), the United Nations body for maritime issues and other international bodies are in the process of amending and updating the regulations applicable to the shipping industry. Greece is ready to enter the era of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and electricity as marine fuels, as Eastern Mediterranean projects are heading towards adopting these alternative fuels. This study aims to explore the intention of the Greek stakeholders in accepting and using LNG and electricity as alternative fuels. The research objectives are to identify, analyse and evaluate the determinants that influence the intention to accept, diffuse and use alternative fuels, LNG and electricity for marine propulsion, and develop, construct and validate a hybrid model that can be used for future study. This research will clarify possible challenges or barriers to the implementation of technology by stakeholders and contribute to a deeper understanding of the green shipping network. It will also highlight the role of key players in the diffusion phase of technological innovation and the technology itself and its characteristics. Moreover, this research will suggest a unified model using the expansive Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in conjunction with the Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) and external variables affecting LNG and electricity 1) to investigate the intent of implementing the use of such alternative fuels and 2) to inform policymakers concerning sustainable shipping.