scholarly journals Factors affecting ethical practice of public relations professionals within public relations firms

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyun-Jung Ki ◽  
Junghyuk Lee ◽  
Hong-Lim Choi
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Public Relations Firms

Factors affecting nursing error communication in intensive care units: A qualitative study

2020 ◽  
pp. 096973302095210
Author(s):  
Tahereh Najafi Ghezeljeh ◽  
Mansoureh Ashghali Farahani ◽  
Fatemeh Kafami Ladani
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Professional Characteristics

Background: Error communication includes both reporting errors to superiors and disclosing their consequences to patients and their families. It significantly contributes to error prevention and safety improvement. Yet, some errors in intensive care units are not communicated. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to explore factors affecting error communication in intensive care units. Design and participants: This qualitative study was conducted in 2019. Participants were 17 critical care nurses purposively recruited from the intensive care units of 2 public hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and were analyzed through the conventional content analysis method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Ethical considerations: The Ethics Committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran approved the study (code: IR.IUMS. REC.1397.792). Participants were informed about the study aim and methods and were ensured of data confidentiality. They were free to withdraw from the study at will. Written informed consent was obtained from all of them. Findings: Factors affecting error communication in intensive care units fell into four main categories, namely the culture of error communication (subcategories were error communication organizational atmosphere, clarity of processes and guidelines, managerial support for nurses, and learning organization), the consequences of errors for nurses and nursing (subcategories were fear over being stigmatized as incompetent, fear over punishment, and fear over negative judgments about nursing), the consequences of errors for patients (subcategories were monitoring the effects of errors on patients and predicting the effects of errors on patients), and ethical and professional characteristics (subcategories were ethical characteristics and inter-professional relationships). Discussion: The results of this study show many factors affect error communication, some facilitate and some prohibit it. Organizational factors such as the culture of error communication and the consequences of error communication for the nurse and the patient, as well as individual and professional characteristics, including ethical characteristics and interprofessional relationship, influence this process. Conclusion: Errors confront nurses with ethical challenges and make them assess error consequences and then, communicate or hide them based on the results of their assessments. Health authorities can promote nurses’ error communication through creating a supportive environment for them, developing clear error communication processes and guidelines, and providing them with education about the principles of ethical practice.

Public Relation Professionalism

2018 ◽  
pp. 239-255
Author(s):  
Badreya Al-Jenaibi
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Public Relation ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
High Scale ◽  
Future Expectations ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Contemporary Research ◽  
Public Relations Firms

This chapter draws from extensive research conducted in various public relations firms in the United Arab Emirates and describes contemporary research practices on which these firms are building. Their inclination is toward incorporation of permanent research in their organizational framework and in-depth analyses regarding how public relations firms evolve and meet clients' future expectations. In-depth analyses were conducted in national, international, small, average, and high-scale public relations firms to determine how research is helping, at various levels, to excel and impress clients. Mixed research methods were used; 350 questionnaires were distributed and 17 face-to-face interviews were conducted over 7 months. Results suggest that the economic, social, and institutional characteristics of public relations firms in the United Arab Emirates are dissimilar to other countries, so extensive research is required to determine the significance of research concerning improving public relations practices in the country.

Projecting Peace and Prosperity

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-158
Author(s):  
Alexander Dukalskis
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Image Management ◽  
Promotional Strategy ◽  
Public Relations Firms

This chapter unpacks and assesses the Rwandan government’s authoritarian image management strategies under the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). As relatively small, and aid dependent for much of the period under analysis, Rwanda under the RPF had special incentives to pay attention to authoritarian image management as the latter entrenched its power domestically. Perhaps for this reason, the RPF has been an unusually successful authoritarian image manager in attaining regime security. After presenting a brief historical background, the chapter establishes how the RPF works to create a foundation on which to build its promotional image management efforts by obstructing outsider critics. Next, it discusses how part of Rwanda’s promotional strategy entails retention of public relations firms to burnish the image of the RPF and its leader Paul Kagame. Finally, the chapter turns to the most brazen element of the RPF’s image management, namely the intimidation and repression of critics abroad.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Alexander Dukalskis
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
Public Relations Firms

Authoritarian states try to present a positive image of themselves abroad. They invest in foreign-facing media, retain public relations firms, and showcase their successes to elite and popular foreign audiences. But there is also a darker side to these efforts. Authoritarian states try to obscure or censor bad news about their governments and often discredit their critics abroad. In extreme cases, authoritarian states intimidate, physically attack, or even murder their opponents overseas. This book is about how authoritarian states manage their image abroad using both “promotional” tactics of persuasion and “obstructive” tactics of repression. They adopt these practices to enhance their internal and external regime security, or put differently, to make their world safe for dictatorship. This chapter introduces the main arguments, themes, and data of the book.

DEPENDENCE OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGERS OF GENERAL EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ON CAREER STAGES

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 283-293
Author(s):  
Svetlana Koshevenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
General Education ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Career Stages ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Information Culture ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Education Organization

The article examines the problem concerning the effectiveness of managers of general education organizations. There is no universal methodology for the assessment of effectiveness of activity of managers of general education organizations and no determined factors affecting any effectiveness indicator. The aim of this study is to analyse the effectiveness of managers of a general education organization at different stages of their careers. The main methods of this research are the system analysis, the questionnaire survey and the factor analysis. The author analyses the dependence of the effectiveness indicators of managers of general education organizations on the career stages.  The effectiveness evaluation was carried out according to the author's methodology and was based on the data of general education organizations in the Smolensk region.Managers of general education organizations at the establishment stage of a career haven't sufficiently formed public relations and developed educational activities. Managers at the advancement stage do not pay enough attention to building the career of employees of the educational organization.  Transfer of experience to youth, their adaptation in the team, support in research work, assistance in building a career are not sufficiently typical for school managers at the maintenance stage of careers.  Managers at the withdrawal stage of a career have a low level of information culture, lack motivation to use new technologies and progressive ideas.  

scholarly journals ‘Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown’. A qualitative study of ethical PR practice in the United Kingdom

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jackson ◽  
Kevin Moloney
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
The United Kingdom

The dynamics of ethical behaviour has long been a preoccupation of the Public Relations (PR) field, yet in the United Kingdom, there are few empirical studies of ethical practice to date. In this article – through interviews with 22 UK Public Relations practitioners (PRPs) in small and medium-sized enterprises – we address this empirical gap. We examine three dimensions of ethical practice: societal responsibilities, truth-telling and the role of professional bodies. In the literature, the PRP is often positioned as the ethical conscience of the corporation, but in Shakespeare’s words, ‘uneasy lies the head that wears a crown’. Our findings reveal a range of ethical standards, some of which would make professional bodies blush. Many PRPs aspire towards an ethical counsel role but lack agency in the face of commercial and organisational forces. Rather than challenge such forces and the system they are part of, participants talked of coping strategies. At the same time, practitioners flow between ethical identities, painting a fluid, complex and occasionally contradictory picture of ethical practice that does not fall neatly into ethical metanarratives. While deontological ethical frameworks (typically expressed through codes of conduct) have dominated the professional field, our findings suggest that for many practitioners, such codes remain distant. Findings are discussed within ongoing debates around professionalisation, professional identity and the political economy of PR work.

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