Stingless bees in urban areas: low body size and high frequency of diploid males at mating congregations of Nannotrigona perilampoides (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) in Mérida, Yucatán, México

Apidologie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William de Jesús May-Itzá ◽  
Chavier de Araujo-Freitas ◽  
Robert J. Paxton ◽  
Humberto Moo-Valle ◽  
Luis A. Medina-Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Diploid Males

scholarly journals Distribution and Morphometrical Variations of Stingless Bees (Apidae: Meliponini) In Urban and Forest Areas of Penang Island, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Suhaila Ab Hamid ◽  
Mohammad Sharifuddin Salleh ◽  
Kumara Thevan ◽  
Nur Aida Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Significant Difference

Stingless bees from four different places in Penang, northern peninsular Malaysia includingUniversiti Sains Malaysia campus(USM), Botanical Garden, Balik Pulau and Teluk Bahang weresampled randomly and identified. A total of six species of stingless bee were successfully recorded; Heterotrigona itama, Lepidotrigona terminata, Tetrigona apicalis, Tetragonula iridipennis, Tetragonula laeviceps, and Tetragonula pagdeni. Heterotrigona itama is the most abundance species in both urban and forest area. Their hive can be found in all study areas. The results showed that Balik Pulau (forest) had the most diverse stingless bee species (5 species) compared to other selected sites. Morphometrical studies comprising fifteen characters of H.itama were measured. There were significant difference for H. itama body length and appendages between samples collected from urban and forest areas. H.itama in forest areas have larger body size compared to those in the urban area. Overall, stingless bees in urban areas was less diverse compared to forest area

What Kind of People Use Carsharing for Commuting? Case Study in Shanghai

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhong Ye ◽  
Daoge Wang ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Commuting Mode ◽  
Study Offer

Carsharing as a service has been growing rapidly worldwide. Its expansion has drawn wide attention in the research community with regard to the underlying driving factors and user characteristics. Despite these extensive investigations, there are still limited studies focusing on the examination of users using carsharing as a commuting mode. The answers to questions such as what kind of people would like to use carsharing for commuting and why they frequently use carsharing to commute are not clear. To enrich our understanding of these problems, this paper aims to investigate carsharing commuters in a mega city. Specifically, it intends to integrate the actual user order data with survey data from 1,920 participants to uncover the characteristics of carsharing commuters. Data from the Evcard carsharing systems in Shanghai were explicitly analyzed. Through descriptive analysis and logistic regression models, the characteristics and critical factors that affect the choice of carsharing as a commuting mode were captured. The results show that: 1. carsharing commuters mostly live or work in suburban areas in which public transport accessibility is limited; 2. carsharing commuters are more likely to be highly educated, in a higher income bracket, and older than other carsharing members; 3. high-frequency carsharing commuters own a reduced number of private cars; and 4. those high-frequency carsharing commuters with higher income are less sensitive to the carsharing costs caused by congestion. The findings in the study offer some insights into carsharing commuters and provide some supportive information for considering policies in developing carsharing systems in urban areas.

Near-surface Structure of Downtown Jinan, China: Application of Ambient Noise Tomography with a Dense Seismic Array

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-652
Author(s):  
Feng Liang ◽  
Zhihui Wang ◽  
Hailong Li ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Velocity Structure ◽  
Shear Velocity ◽  
Ambient Noise Tomography ◽  
Surface Wave Dispersion ◽  
Near Surface

Urban geophysics ups the ante in the world of applied geophysics, which requires innovative thinking and seemingly off-the-wall approaches, if for no other reason than the settings. Ambient-noise-tomography (ANT) can play a pivotal role in yielding subsurfa2ce information in urban areas, which is capable of dealing with challenges related to these scenarios ( e.g., human activities and low signal-to-noise ratio). In this study, the ANT was conducted to investigate the near-surface shear-velocity structure in the surrounding area of the Baotu Spring Park in downtown Jinan, Shandong Province, China. Quiet clear Rayleigh waves have been obtained by the cross-correlation, which indicates that strong human activities, such as moving vehicles and municipal engineering constructions, can produce approximately isotropic distribution of noise sources for high-frequency signals. The direct surface-wave tomographic method with period-dependent ray-tracing was used to invert all surface-wave dispersion data in the period band 0.2-1.5 s simultaneously for 3D variations of shear-velocity (Vs) structure. Our results show a good correspondence to the geological features with thinner Quaternary sediments, the geological structural characteristic of the limestone surrounded by the igneous which has the highest velocity than that of the limestone in the study area, and several concealed faults of which specific location has been detected at depth. The results demonstrate that it is possible to successfully use ANT with high-frequency signal in an urban environment provided a detailed planning and execution is implemented.

Body size and trophic divergence of two large sympatric elapid snakes (Notechis scutatus and Austrelaps superbus) (Serpentes:Elapidae) in Tasmania

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fearn ◽  
J. Dowde ◽  
D. F. Trembath
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Large Prey ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Island State ◽  
Species Being

Tiger snakes (Notechis scutatus) and lowland copperheads (Austrelaps superbus) are both large viviparous elapid snakes confined to the cooler, mesic regions of southern Australia. In spite of both species being common and widespread in the island state of Tasmania, no quantified studies on the trophic ecology of these two snakes from the main island has been published. During a two-year period we collected field data from 127 adult A. superbus and 74 adult N. scutatus from throughout eastern Tasmania. For both species, males were larger than females with respect to all measured parameters, including mass and head size. Reproduction in females was strongly seasonal and clutch size was not related to maternal body size. N. scutatus has a larger head than A. superbus and consequently ingests both small and large prey. N. scutatus in our study displayed the most catholic diet of any Australian elapid studied to date and consumed mammals (possum, bandicoot, antechinus, rats, mice), birds (fairy wrens), fish (eel, trout) and frogs. A. superbus shows a more specialist diet of large volumes of predominately ectothermic prey (frogs, lizards, snakes) even at maximal sizes and was more likely to contain ingested prey than specimens of N. scutatus. Distinctive rodent bite scars were common on N. scutatus but rare on A. superbus. The high frequency of rodent bite scars on N. scutatus further supports our findings of a primarily endothermic diet for mature specimens. We suggest that significant differences in head size, and hence diet, as well as a taxonomically diverse suite of potential prey in Tasmania allow both these large snakes to coexist in sympatry and avoid interspecific competitive exclusion.

scholarly journals Incentivo para o plantio de árvores nativas em áreas urbanas para proliferação de abelhas sem ferrão

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
G. Martins ◽  
R. L. S. Ferraz ◽  
J. L. Batista ◽  
M. A. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Native Trees ◽  
The City

<p>Em decorrência de atividades antrópicas exploratórias, tem ocorrido aumento na supressão de espécies arbóreas, refletindo na biodiversidade e equilíbrio dos ecossistemas, reduzindo a população de espécies de abelhas.<strong> </strong>Objetivou-se com este trabalho, fazer um levantamento da ocorrência de árvores, nidificações e espécies de abelhas com intuito de incentivar o plantio de espécimes, principalmente nativos, na área urbana, para que ocorra uma maior proliferação das abelhas indígenas sem ferrão. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo na Praça Dr. Joaquim Batista na cidade de Jaboticabal, SP. Através de consultas em literatura especializada, identificou-se o número de espécies arbóreas e abelhas sem ferrão, o número e altura média de nidificações, além da coleta de sementes para produção de mudas. Foram identificadas 27 espécies de árvores nativas, 14 exóticas, cinco de abelhas sem ferrão, 37 nidificações, com altura média geral de 2,3 m, além da produção de 20 mudas nativas. A elevada ocorrência de nidificações em plantas nativas e a presença de sementes, demonstram a adaptabilidade destes polinizadores, além de subsidiar a viabilidade da proposta de incentivar o plantio de espécimes, principalmente nativas em área urbana para a proliferação das abelhas indígenas sem ferrão. Estudos complementares podem ser realizados visando educação ambiental nestes locais.</p><p align="center"><strong>Encouraging the planting of native trees in the urban area for proliferation of stingless bees</strong></p><p>As a result of exploratory human activities, there has been an increase in the suppression of tree species, reflecting on biodiversity and ecosystem balance, reducing the population of bee species. The objective of this work, to survey the occurrence of trees, Nest establishment and bee species in order to encourage the planting of species, mostly native, in urban areas, so that there is a higher proliferation of indigenous stingless bees. Therefore, we carried out a study in Dr. Joaquim Batista Square in the city of Jaboticabal, SP. Through consultations in the literature, we identified the number of tree species and stingless bees, the average number and height of Nest establishment, besides the collection of seeds for seedlings. They identified 27 species of native trees, 14 exotic, five of stingless bees, 37 Nest establishment, with overall average height of 2.3 m, in addition to producing 20 native seedlings. The high occurrence of Nest establishment of native plants and the presence of seeds demonstrate the adaptability of these pollinators, in addition to supporting the viability of the proposal to encourage the planting of specimens, especially in urban areas native to the proliferation of indigenous stingless bees. Additional studies can be conducted to environmental education in these places.</p>

Spillover effects of the Venezuelan crisis: migration impacts in Colombia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
German Caruso ◽  
Christian Gomez Canon ◽  
Valerie Mueller
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Supply Shock ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Instrumental Variables Approach ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract In the wake of the Venezuelan crisis, Colombian migrants are returning to their place of birth. Since 2016, however, there has been a spike of immigration to Colombia attributable to inflows of the Venezuelan-born. Using high-frequency administrative data, we estimate the impacts of the recent labour supply shock–driven by the economic predicament in Venezuela–on the labour and poverty outcomes of native Colombians. We employ an instrumental variables approach to account for the selection of immigrants into locations with more or less desirable conditions. A 1 percentage point increase in immigration from Venezuela reduces informal sector wages by 10 percentage points in urban areas. As the crisis increased the fraction of migrants by 0.2 percentage points in 2017, we estimate urban wages decreased by a total of 2 percentage points. A dual-pronged approach is warranted to promote the economic assimilation of Venezuelans while protecting the job security of Colombians.

scholarly journals High-frequency fluctuations of indoor pressure: A potential driving force for vapor intrusion in urban areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 136309
Author(s):  
Yijun Yao ◽  
Yuting Xiao ◽  
Jian Luo ◽  
Genfu Wang ◽  
Jonathan Ström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Vapor Intrusion ◽  
Frequency Fluctuations

How small is too small? Incubation of large eggs by a small host

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 968-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L.M. Stewart ◽  
Mélanie F. Guigueno ◽  
Spencer G. Sealy
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Host Size ◽  
Nest Size ◽  
Brood Parasite ◽  
Turdus Migratorius ◽  
Yellow Warbler ◽  
American Robin ◽  
Yellow Warblers

The Yellow Warbler ( Setophaga petechia (L., 1766)) is among the putative hosts of the Black-billed Cuckoo ( Coccyzus erythropthalmus (Wilson, 1811)), which is hypothesized to have once been an obligate brood parasite. Most parasites lay a small egg relative to their body size, possibly to prevent hosts from discriminating against the larger egg and to facilitate incubation. We tested whether warblers, which lay eggs ~17% of the volume of cuckoo eggs, could have potentially been suitable hosts of Coccyzus cuckoos by determining whether they accept and successfully incubate cuckoo-sized eggs. Warblers accepted 63% (n = 54) of cuckoo-sized eggs added into their nests and successfully incubated eggs as large as cuckoo eggs (surrogate American Robin ( Turdus migratorius L., 1766) eggs). This suggests that the lower limit to host size is not just related to egg size. Warblers are not ideal hosts because they rejected a high frequency of experimental eggs (37%). Nests from which eggs were rejected tended to have smaller volumes than nests at which eggs were accepted. The nest cups of warblers are oval, which may promote egg crowding more than round cups. Factors such as nest size, not host size, influence acceptance or rejection of large eggs by Yellow Warblers.

scholarly journals No correlation of body size and high-frequency hearing sensitivity in neotropical phaneropterine katydids

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiner Römer ◽  
Alexander Lang ◽  
Manfred Hartbauer
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity

Analysis about the Effect on the Design of the Diffusers

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 2016-2019
Author(s):  
Hui Yu Chen ◽  
Jing Gong
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Groove Depth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Frequency Sound ◽  
High Absorption Coefficient ◽  
High Absorption

In order to study the effect of the diffusers,there has been designed a variety of diffusers.If groove depth is large , the diffuser will become a high absorption coefficient, low-frequency sounds will reduce significantly. So we have spread the body size nested within each other, a small has been nested in a large body .The smaller parts expand of high-frequency sound, the larger parts for low-frequency sound, so over a wide frequency band can been spreading.

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