Mindfulness Approaches and Weight Loss, Weight Maintenance, and Weight Regain

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Dunn ◽  
Megan Haubenreiser ◽  
Madison Johnson ◽  
Kelly Nordby ◽  
Surabhi Aggarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Weight Maintenance

scholarly journals Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Serve as Predictors of Successful Weight Loss Maintenance Postbariatric Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshan Masood ◽  
Lujain Alsheddi ◽  
Loura Alfayadh ◽  
Bushra Bukhari ◽  
Ruba Elawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Dietary Counseling ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Predicting Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Practices ◽  
Fiber Consumption

Bariatric surgery is considered to be an effective treatment for the resolution of severe obesity; however, in more than half of the bariatric surgery patients, weight reacquisition occurs as early as 18 months postsurgery, compromising the surgery’s beneficial effects. Maintaining weight loss after surgery poses a great challenge, necessitating the identification of predicting factors. In the present study, we explored the association between weight regain and dietary habits and behavioral lifestyle practices in patients following bariatric surgery. Fifty patients who underwent bariatric surgery with ≥18-month postoperative period of follow-up were included. They were classified into two groups: weight maintainers (n = 29) were patients who regained <15% of their weight, and weight regainers (n = 21) were patients who regained ≥15% of their weight compared to their lowest postoperative weight. The mean age of the study participants was 41.4 ± 8.9 years, and twenty-eight patients (56%) of the total, were females. A detailed analysis of dietary and lifestyle habits was performed by questionnaire-based interviews. Significant weight regain was noted in the regainers compared to the maintainers (19.6 ± 8.4 kg vs. 4.5 ± 3.5 kg, respectively, P≤0.001), which was attributed to their following of unhealthy dietary habits and behavioral lifestyle practices. The dietary and behavioral lifestyle practices adopted by the maintainers were higher fiber consumption and water intake, monitored pace of eating, evasion of emotional binge, and distracted eating and following of self-assessment behaviors. Additionally, regular nutritional follow-ups and compliance with postoperative dietary counseling significantly helped to improve weight maintenance. In conclusion, the effectiveness of weight loss postbariatric surgery was compromised by weight regain due to unhealthy dietary and behavioral lifestyle practices stemming from a lack of nutritional guidance and knowledge. The implementation of comprehensive nutritional counseling and advice on behavioral changes before and after surgery will help achieve optimal weight results.

Metabolic adjustments with the development, treatment, and recurrence of obesity in obesity-prone rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (2) ◽  
pp. R288-R297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. MacLean ◽  
Janine A. Higgins ◽  
Ginger C. Johnson ◽  
Brooke K. Fleming-Elder ◽  
John C. Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions and predisposes afflicted individuals to several comorbidities. For these individuals, losing weight has proven to be an easier feat than maintaining a reduced weight. In obesity-prone rats, we examined if there is a metabolic propensity to regain weight after a period of significant weight loss. Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure (EE), sleeping metabolic rate (SMR), and nonprotein respiratory quotient (NPRQ) were obtained by indirect calorimetry with urinary nitrogen analysis and normalized to fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) acquired by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Obesity-prone rats were examined after free access to a high-fat diet for 16 wk to establish the obese state. They were again examined after 2 wk of calorie restriction, which reduced body weight (14%) and FM (32%). Rats were again examined after a further 8 wk of intake-regulated weight maintenance or ad libitum feeding that led to weight regain. Metabolic data were compared with preobese and age-matched controls. Weight loss suppressed EE and SMR beyond what was expected for the change in metabolic mass. This elevated metabolic efficiency persisted throughout weight maintenance but resolved after 8 wk of regain. Adjusted NPRQ values were elevated in weight-maintained and weight-regaining rats, suggesting a preference for carbohydrate utilization. These data support the concept that weight reduction in obesity is accompanied by metabolic adjustments beyond the drive to consume calories that predispose to weight regain, and some aspects of this adjustment persist with prolonged weight maintenance and during weight regain.

scholarly journals Effects of green tea on weight maintenance after body-weight loss

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M. R. Kovacs ◽  
Manuela P. G. M. Lejeune ◽  
Ilse Nijs ◽  
Margriet S. Westerterp-Plantenga
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Very Low Energy Diet ◽  
Obese Subjects

The present study was conducted to investigate whether green tea may improve weight maintenance by preventing or limiting weight regain after weight loss of 5 to 10% in overweight and moderately obese subjects. The study had a randomised, parallel, placebo-controlled design. A total of 104 overweight and moderately obese male and female subjects (age 18–60 years; BMI 25–35kg/m2) participated. The study consisted of a very-low-energy diet intervention (VLED; 2·1MJ/d) of 4 weeks followed by a weight-maintenance period of 13 weeks in which the subjects received green tea or placebo. The green tea contained caffeine (104mg/d) and catechins (573mg/d, of which 323mg was epigallocatechin gallate). Subjects lost 6·4 (sd 1·9) kg or 7·5 (sd 2·2) % of their original body weight during the VLED (P<0·001). Body-weight regain was not significantly different between the green tea and the placebo group (30·5 (sd 61·8) % and 19·7 (sd 56·9)%, respectively). In the green tea treatment, habitual high caffeine consumption was associated with a higher weight regain compared with habitual low caffeine consumption (39 (sd 17) and 16 (sd 11)%, respectively; P<0·05). We conclude that weight maintenance after 7·5% body-weight loss was not affected by green tea treatment and that habitual caffeine consumption affected weight maintenance in the green tea treatment.

The impact of genetic polymorphisms on weight regain after successful weight loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (8) ◽  
pp. 809-823
Author(s):  
Chanisa Thonusin ◽  
Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn ◽  
Siriporn C. Chattipakorn ◽  
Nipon Chattipakorn
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Successful Weight Loss ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObesity is associated with an increased risk of various diseases and mortality. Although nearly 50 % of adults have been reported trying to lose weight, the prevalence of obesity has increased. One factor that hinders weight loss-induced decrease in obesity prevalence is weight regain. Although behavioural, psychological and physiological factors associated with weight regain have been reviewed, the information regarding the relationship between weight regain and genetics has not been previously summarised. In this paper, we comprehensively review the association between genetic polymorphisms and weight regain in adults and children with obesity after weight loss. Based on this information, identification of genetic polymorphism in patients who undergo weight loss intervention might be used to estimate their risks of weight regain. Additionally, the genetic-based risk estimation may be used as a guide for physicians and dietitians to provide each of their patients with the most appropriate strategies for weight loss and weight maintenance.

Weight Maintenance Through Behaviour Modification: With a Cooking Course or Neurolinguistic Programming

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lone Brinkmann Sørensen ◽  
Tine Greve ◽  
Martin Kreutzer ◽  
Ulla Pedersen ◽  
Claus Meyer Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Weight Loss Program ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Neurolinguistic Programming ◽  
Behaviour Modification ◽  
Obese Subjects

We compared the effect on weight regain of behaviour modification consisting of either a gourmet cooking course or neurolinguistic programming (NLP) therapy. Fifty-six overweight and obese subjects participated. The first step was a 12-week weight loss program. Participants achieving at least 8% weight loss were randomized to five months of either NLP therapy or a course in gourmet cooking. Follow-up occurred after two and three years. Forty-nine participants lost at least 8% of their initial body weight and were randomized to the next step. The NLP group lost an additional 1.8 kg and the cooking group lost 0.2 kg during the five months of weight maintenance (NS). The dropout rate in the cooking group was 4%, compared with 26% in the NLP group (p=0.04). There was no difference in weight maintenance after two and three years of follow-up. In conclusion, weight loss in overweight and obese participants was maintained equally efficiently with a healthy cooking course or NLP therapy, but the dropout rate was lower during the active cooking treatment.

Enhanced metabolic efficiency contributes to weight regain after weight loss in obesity-prone rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (6) ◽  
pp. R1306-R1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. MacLean ◽  
Janine A. Higgins ◽  
Ginger C. Johnson ◽  
Brooke K. Fleming-Elder ◽  
William T. Donahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Obese Rats

Metabolic adjustments occur with weight loss that may contribute to a high rate of weight regain. We have previously observed in obesity-prone, obese rats that weight reduction is accompanied by a suppression in resting metabolic rate beyond what would be predicted for the change in metabolic mass. In the present study, we examine if this adjustment in metabolic efficiency is affected by the length of time in weight maintenance and if it contributes to the propensity to regain after weight loss. Twenty-four-hour, nonresting, and resting energy expenditure (REE) were obtained by indirect calorimetry and normalized to metabolic mass estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A 10% loss in body weight in weight-reduced rats was accompanied by a 15% suppression in adjusted REE. This enhancement in metabolic efficiency was not altered with either 8 or 16 wk of weight maintenance, but it did resolve when the forced control of intake was removed and the weight was regained. The rate of weight regain increased with the time in weight maintenance and was exceptionally high early during the relapse period. During this high rate of weight gain, the suppression in REE persists while consumption increases to a level that is higher than when they were obese. In summary, an enhanced metabolic efficiency and an elevated appetite both contribute (60% and 40%, respectively) to a large potential energy imbalance that, when the forcible control of energy intake is relieved, becomes actualized and results in an exceptionally high rate of weight regain.

scholarly journals Use of Pharmacotherapy in Obesity Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang Wei Tham
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Behavioural Modification ◽  
Successful Weight Loss

Obesity is a chronic disease which is often relapsing and progressive due in part to the physiology of energy homeostasis in people with obesity, rendering them with the challenge of attaining adequate weight loss and weight maintenance after successful weight loss. Depending on the presence, types and severity of the obesity-related comorbidities (ORCs), some patients will require an amount of weight loss beyond what lifestyle and behavioural modification can achieve. Even after bariatric surgery, patients may not lose the expected amount of weight or experience weight regain. Anti-obesity medications may be required to support them further. Hence, the use of pharmacotherapy in obesity management remains an important adjunct to lifestyle and behavioural modifications and even to bariatric surgery, particularly in those with more severe ORCs and with a high body mass index. This article discusses the general approach to the use of pharmacotherapy in obesity management and the various anti-obesity medications currently approved.

scholarly journals Blood profiling of proteins and steroids during weight maintenance with manipulation of dietary protein level and glycaemic index

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Wang ◽  
Claus Holst ◽  
Arne Astrup ◽  
Freek G. Bouwman ◽  
Sanne van Otterdijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Maintenance Period ◽  
Blood Profile

Weight regain after weight loss is common. In the Diogenes dietary intervention study, a high-protein and low-glycaemic index (GI) diet improved weight maintenance. The objective of the present study was to identify (1) blood profiles associated with continued weight loss and weight regain (2) blood biomarkers of dietary protein and GI levels during the weight-maintenance phase. Blood samples were collected at baseline, after 8 weeks of low-energy diet-induced weight loss and after a 6-month dietary intervention period from female continued weight losers (n 48) and weight regainers (n 48), evenly selected from four dietary groups that varied in protein and GI levels. The blood concentrations of twenty-nine proteins and three steroid hormones were measured. The changes in analytes during weight maintenance largely correlated negatively with the changes during weight loss, with some differences between continued weight losers and weight regainers. Increases in leptin (LEP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly associated with weight regain (P < 0·001 and P = 0·005, respectively), and these relationships were influenced by the diet. Consuming a high-protein and high-GI diet dissociated the positive relationship between the change in LEP concentration and weight regain. CRP increased during the weight-maintenance period only in weight regainers with a high-protein diet (P < 0·001). In addition, testosterone, luteinising hormone, angiotensinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, resistin, retinol-binding protein 4, insulin, glucagon, haptoglobin and growth hormone were also affected by the dietary intervention. The blood profile reflects not only the weight change during the maintenance period, but also the macronutrient composition of the dietary intervention, especially the protein level.

scholarly journals Weight Changes Post-Phentermine Use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra Towns ◽  
Roschelle Heuberger ◽  
Jack Logomarsino ◽  
Arturo Olivera Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Reported Data

Purpose: Evaluate weight maintenance in subjects who lost weight while taking phentermine (PTM). Methods: This study was conducted by utilizing a validated survey to collect self-reported data about weight changes post-PTM use. The survey was sent to 19,986 email addresses of current and former patients of a PTM-based outpatient clinic, located in Chicago, IL; 546 participants completed the survey. Results were analyzed using a variety of techniques. Results: At the time of the survey, 42% of responders maintained all the weight lost while on PTM, and 25.2% had maintained a weight loss of at least 10% of their body weight. The average weight lost and maintained at the time of the survey was 3.75% ± 13.8% of body weight or 8.74 lbs ± 27.45 lbs. Nineteen responders had no net weight change. Fifty-nine responders reported a net weight gain, ranging from 2 to 70 lbs with a mean net weight gain of 16.07 lbs ± 13.87 lbs. The duration of time since discontinuing PTM use had a significant correlation with weight maintenance: r = 0.340, p value = .000. There was no significant correlation between duration of time using PTM and weight maintenance. No correlations were identified between education, income, or ethnicity and weight maintenance. A correlation was identified between weight maintenance and current exercise level: r = 0.218, p value = .000. Conclusions: Although more research is needed, with the results of this study, the investigators suggest that post-PTM use, weight regain is not significantly higher than weight regain through other weight loss programs. In order to achieve long-term weight loss maintenance, it may behoove patients to receive professional guidance about behavior modifications to maintain weight lost, particularly related to exercise and dietary changes. The investigators of this study suggest greater emphasis on behavior modification in patients taking PTM is indicated.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Weight Regain following Weight Loss

ISRN Obesity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Scott Blomain ◽  
Dara Anne Dirhan ◽  
Michael Anthony Valentino ◽  
Gilbert Won Kim ◽  
Scott Arthur Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Induce Weight Loss

Obesity is a world-wide pandemic and its incidence is on the rise along with associated comorbidities. Currently, there are few effective therapies to combat obesity. The use of lifestyle modification therapy, namely, improvements in diet and exercise, is preferable over bariatric surgery or pharmacotherapy due to surgical risks and issues with drug efficacy and safety. Although they are initially successful in producing weight loss, such lifestyle intervention strategies are generally unsuccessful in achieving long-term weight maintenance, with the vast majority of obese patients regaining their lost weight during followup. Recently, various compensatory mechanisms have been elucidated by which the body may oppose new weight loss, and this compensation may result in weight regain back to the obese baseline. The present review summarizes the available evidence on these compensatory mechanisms, with a focus on weight loss-induced changes in energy expenditure, neuroendocrine pathways, nutrient metabolism, and gut physiology. These findings have added a major focus to the field of antiobesity research. In addition to investigating pathways that induce weight loss, the present work also focuses on pathways that may instead prevent weight regain. Such strategies will be necessary for improving long-term weight loss maintenance and outcomes for patients who struggle with obesity.

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