scholarly journals Implementing Ultrasound Imaging for the Assessment of Muscle and Tendon Properties in Elite Sports: Practical Aspects, Methodological Considerations and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Sarto ◽  
Jörg Spörri ◽  
Daniel P. Fitze ◽  
Jonathan I. Quinlan ◽  
Marco V. Narici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return To Sport ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Musculoskeletal Complaints ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Injury Screening ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Elite Sports ◽  
Tendon Properties

AbstractUltrasound (US) imaging has been widely used in both research and clinical settings to evaluate the morphological and mechanical properties of muscle and tendon. In elite sports scenarios, a regular assessment of such properties has great potential, namely for testing the response to training, detecting athletes at higher risks of injury, screening athletes for structural abnormalities related to current or future musculoskeletal complaints, and monitoring their return to sport after a musculoskeletal injury. However, several practical and methodological aspects of US techniques should be considered when applying this technology in the elite sports context. Therefore, this narrative review aims to (1) present the principal US measures and field of applications in the context of elite sports; (2) to discuss, from a methodological perspective, the strengths and shortcomings of US imaging for the assessment of muscle and tendon properties; and (3) to provide future directions for research and application.

scholarly journals Family Caregiving for Individuals With Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Kitko ◽  
Colleen K. McIlvennan ◽  
Julie T. Bidwell ◽  
J. Nicholas Dionne-Odom ◽  
Shannon M. Dunlay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Scientific Statement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health And Well Being

Many individuals living with heart failure (HF) rely on unpaid support from their partners, family members, friends, or neighbors as caregivers to help manage their chronic disease. Given the advancements in treatments and devices for patients with HF, caregiving responsibilities have expanded in recent decades to include more intensive care for increasingly precarious patients with HF—tasks that would previously have been undertaken by healthcare professionals in clinical settings. The specific tasks of caregivers of patients with HF vary widely based on the patient’s symptoms and comorbidities, the relationship between patient and caregiver, and the complexity of the treatment regimen. Effects of caregiving on the caregiver and patient range from physical and psychological to financial. Therefore, it is critically important to understand the needs of caregivers to support the increasingly complex medical care they provide to patients living with HF. This scientific statement synthesizes the evidence pertaining to caregiving of adult individuals with HF in order to (1) characterize the HF caregiving role and how it changes with illness trajectory; (2) describe the financial, health, and well-being implications of caregiving in HF; (3) evaluate HF caregiving interventions to support caregiver and patient outcomes; (4) summarize existing policies and resources that support HF caregivers; and (5) identify knowledge gaps and future directions for providers, investigators, health systems, and policymakers.

scholarly journals Measuring learning in human classical threat conditioning: translational, cognitive and methodological considerations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karita Ojala ◽  
Dominik R Bach
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Formal Learning ◽  
Heart Period ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Conditioned Responses ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Threat conditioning is a laboratory model of associative learning across species that is often used in research on the etiology and treatment of anxiety disorders. At least 10 different conditioned responses (CR) for quantifying learning in human threat conditioning are found in the literature. In this narrative review, we discuss these CR by considering the following questions: (1) Are the CR indicators of amygdala-dependent threat learning? (2) To what components of formal learning models do the CR relate? (3) How well can threat learning be inferred from the CR? Despite a vast literature, these questions can only be answered for some CR. Among the CR considered, heart period, startle eye-blink and Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer are most clearly related to amygdala-dependent threat learning. Formal learning models have mostly been studied for skin conductance responses, which are likely to reflect threat prediction and its uncertainty. Startle eye-blink and pupil size appear to best differentiate CS+/CS−, although few direct comparisons between CR exist. We suggest future directions for improving the quantification of threat conditioning.

Integrating Research and Practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 432-447
Author(s):  
Louis G. Castonguay ◽  
Michael J. Constantino ◽  
Henry Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Psychotherapy Research ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Research Networks ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Treatment Context ◽  
Oriented Research

This chapter reviews efforts to integrate psychotherapy research and practice through collaboration and information-sharing within naturalistic clinical settings. Specifically, the chapter focuses on three types of practice-oriented research that capitalize on the bidirectional partnership between researchers and practitioners: (1) patient-focused, (2) practice-based, and (3) practice-research networks. The authors provide examples of each type of integration, highlighting the ways in which the research is different, yet complementary to more traditional studies conducted in controlled settings. They submit that the researcher–practitioner partnership in an ecologically valid treatment context represents an optimal means to reduce the pervasive research–practice chasm and to promote genuine integration for enhancing the effectiveness and personalization of psychotherapy. The chapter also discusses future directions in this vein.

COMPARISON OF FRAILTY SCORES IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA: A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mian ◽  
M. Brouwers ◽  
C.T. Kouroukis ◽  
T.M. Wildes
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Malignant Plasma Cell ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Morbidity Index ◽  
Frailty Score

Multiple myeloma is a malignant plasma cell disease, which typically affects older patients, with a median age at diagnosis of 70 years. The challenge in treating older patients is to accurately identify ‘fit’ patients that can tolerate more intensive treatment to maximize disease control, while simultaneously identifying vulnerable or ‘frail’ patients who may develop toxicity with significant morbidity and mortality, requiring different treatment options or dose modification. Multiple frailty scores have been devised for multiple myeloma over the years in newly-diagnosed patients. This paper gives an overview of the three common frailty measurements: the International Myeloma Working Group Frailty Score, Mayo Clinic Frailty Score and the Revised Myeloma Co-Morbidity Index. We will summarize the derivation, validation, usability and applicability of these scores in different clinical settings, emphasizing the main strengths and limitations for each index score. We will also highlight future directions in the operationalization of frailty in multiple myeloma.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Approaches to Suicide in Older Adults—Zero Suicide

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 625-625
Author(s):  
Luming Li
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Healthcare Settings

Abstract This individual symposium abstract will focus on evidence-based approaches to suicide in older adults, with particular focus on the Zero Suicide Model. Zero Suicide Model is a framework that applies seven essential elements of suicide care (Lead, Train, Identify, Engage, Treat, Transition, Improve). The model provides a systematic approach for quality improvement for suicide prevention and offers implementation strategies for “real-world” clinical settings using the Assess, Intervene, and Monitor for Suicide Prevention (AIM-SP) program for suicide-safer care. The authors will describe implementation of Zero Suicide in general healthcare settings that care for older adults, including health systems and outpatient clinics. The authors will also describe the value of Zero Suicide other settings such as long-term care centers, where older adults are cared for. In addition, the authors will describe future directions for research in the Zero Suicide Model and additional opportunities in public policy for suicide prevention.

The Oxford Handbook of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
College Counseling ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Biosocial Theory ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
International Systems ◽  
College Counseling Centers

This handbook examines theoretical, structural, clinical and implementation aspects of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) for a variety of disorders such as borderline personality disorder (BPD), suicidal behaviour in the context of BPD, substance use disorders, cognitive disabilities, eating disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The volume considers the dialectical dilemmas of implementation with respect to DBT in both national and international systems, its adaptations in routine clinical settings, and its behavioural foundations. It also discusses evidence-based training in DBT, validation principles and practices in DBT, the biosocial theory of BPD, the structure of DBT programs, and the efficacy of DBT in college counseling centers. Finally, the book reflects on the achievements of DBT since the first treatment trial and considers challenges and future directions for DBT in terms of its theoretical underpinnings, clinical outcomes, adaptations and implementation in practice.

scholarly journals Parton Distributions in Nucleons and Nuclei

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob J. Ethier ◽  
Emanuele R. Nocera
Keyword(s):  
Parton Distribution Function ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics ◽  
Polarized Protons ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Perturbative Quantum ◽  
Methodological Aspects

We review the current status of parton distribution function (PDF) determinations for unpolarized and longitudinally polarized protons and for unpolarized nuclei, which are probed by high-energy hadronic scattering in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD). We present the established theoretical framework, the experimental information, and the methodological aspects inherent to any modern PDF extraction. Furthermore, we summarize the present knowledge of PDFs and discuss their limitations in both accuracy and precision relevant to advancing our understanding of QCD proton substructure and pursuing our quest for precision in the Standard Model and beyond. In this respect, we highlight various achievements, discuss contemporary issues in PDF analyses, and outline future directions of progress.

Theoretical and Methodological Considerations in the Evaluation of Patients Leaving the Emergency Room Without Receiving Medical Attention

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Rebolloso Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Health Belief ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Medical Visit ◽  
Health Value ◽  
Medical Visits ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The paper provides a thorough review of the major theories and empirical research on medical care looking at previous studies carried out with patients who leave the emergency department without medical evaluation. The model proposed by the author suggests that an association between traditional health belief model and patients' medical visits can be established. In the model it was hypothesized that whether or not a person goes to the office doctor depends upon two variables: 1) the degree to which a person perceives a personal health threat and 2) the degree to which the person perceives that this particular action reduces that threat. These two main variables affect the medical outcome (medical visit) through a series of intervening variables: general health value, health locus of control, severity of the symptoms, and benefits of the medical visit. Methodological aspects of the evaluative proposal and study limitations and implications are discussed.

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