scholarly journals Associations of pre-pandemic levels of physical function and physical activity with COVID-19-like symptoms during the outbreak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marguerita Saadeh ◽  
Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga ◽  
Davide Liborio Vetrano ◽  
Philip von Rosen ◽  
Laura Fratiglioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
National Study ◽  
Activity Levels

Abstract Background One’s physical function and physical activity levels can predispose or protect from the development of respiratory infections. We aimed to explore the associations between pre-pandemic levels of physical function and physical activity and the development of COVID-19-like symptoms in Swedish older adults. Methods We analyzed data from 904 individuals aged ≥ 68 years from the population-based Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. COVID-19-like symptoms were assessed by phone interview (March–June 2020) and included fever, cough, sore throat and/or a cold, headache, pain in muscles, legs and joints, loss of taste and/or odor, breathing difficulties, chest pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, and eye inflammation. Muscle strength, mobility, and physical activity were examined in 2016–2018 by objective testing. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models in the total sample and stratifying by age. Results During the first outbreak of the pandemic, 325 (36%) individuals from our sample developed COVID-19-like symptoms. Those with slower performance in the chair stand test had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–2.1) for presenting with COVID-19-like symptoms compared to better performers, after adjusting for potential confounders. The association was even higher among people aged ≥ 80 years (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.5–4.7). No significant associations were found between walking speed or engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and the likelihood to develop COVID-19-like symptoms. Conclusion Poor muscle strength, a possible indicator of frailty, may predispose older adults to higher odds of developing COVID-19-like symptoms, especially among the oldest-old.

scholarly journals Associations of Physical Function and Physical Activity With COVID-19-Like Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 543-544
Author(s):  
Marguerita Saadeh ◽  
Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga ◽  
Davide Vetrano ◽  
Philip von Rosen ◽  
Anna-Karin Welmer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Study ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Headache Pain

Abstract Physical function and physical activity have been associated with health outcomes related to the cardiopulmonary and immune systems, but the extent to which they are related to the risk of developing COVID-19-like symptoms remains unclear. We aimed to explore these associations among Swedish older adults. We analyzed data from 904 individuals aged ≥68 years from the population-based Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. COVID-19-like symptoms were assessed by phone interview (March-June 2020) and included fever, cough, sore throat and/or a cold, headache, pain in muscles, legs and joints, loss of taste and/or odour, breathing difficulties, chest pain, gastrointestinal symptoms and eye inflammation. Muscle strength, mobility, and physical activity were objectively examined in 2016-2018. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models and stratifying by age. During the first outbreak of the pandemic, 325 (36%) individuals from our sample developed COVID-19-like symptoms. Those with longer time to perform the chair stand test had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.1) for presenting with COVID-19-like symptoms compared to those with a faster time to perform the test, after adjusting for potential confounders. The risk was even higher among people aged ≥80 years (OR: 2.6; 95% CI 1.5-4.7). No significant associations were found for walking speed or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. A weaker muscle strength, especially among the oldest-old adults, may contribute to higher odds of developing COVID-19-like symptoms, emphasizing the need to maintain sufficient levels of muscle strength in old age.

scholarly journals Independent and Joint Associations of Physical Activity and Dietary Behavior with Older Adults’ Lower Limb Strength

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Ting-Fu Lai ◽  
Chien-Yu Lin ◽  
Chien-Chih Chou ◽  
Wan-Chi Huang ◽  
Ming-Chun Hsueh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Dietary Behavior ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Lower Limb Strength ◽  
Selection Of

Studies have indicated that sufficient physical activity levels and balanced dietary behavior are independently related to physical function in older populations; however, their joint association with physical function remain unclear. This study examined the independent and combined associations of sufficient physical activity and balanced selection of foods with lower limb strength among 122 older Taiwanese adults living in community (mean age: 69.9 ± 5.0 years). The assessments included accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and self-reported selection of foods. Lower limb strength performance was measured using the five times sit-to-stand test. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the associations in question before and after adjusting for potential confounders. The results showed that in the adjusted model, lower limb strength had no significant independent association with either meeting the recommended level of MVPA or balanced selection of foods. Compared to older adults who neither met the recommended MVPA level nor reported a balanced selection of foods, those who conformed to both these criteria were more likely to have better lower limb strength (odds ratio = 6.28, 95% confidence interval = 1.36–29.01) after adjusting for covariates. Health promotion initiatives addressing disability prevention for older adults need to consider promoting both MVPA and food selection.

scholarly journals Geospatial Relationships between Awareness and Utilization of Community Exercise Resources and Physical Activity Levels in Older Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Dondzila ◽  
Ann M. Swartz ◽  
Kevin G. Keenan ◽  
Amy E. Harley ◽  
Razia Azen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Health History ◽  
Current Health Status ◽  
Residential Distance ◽  
Gathering Data

Introduction. It is unclear if community-based fitness resources (CBFR) translate to heightened activity levels within neighboring areas. The purpose of this study was to determine whether awareness and utilization of fitness resources and physical activity differed depending on residential distance from CBFR.Methods. Four hundred and seventeen older adults (72.9±7.7years) were randomly recruited from three spatial tiers (≤1.6, >1.6 to ≤3.2, and >3.2 to 8.0 km) surrounding seven senior centers, which housed CBFR. Participants completed questionnaires on health history, CBFR, and physical activity, gathering data on CBFR awareness, utilization, and barriers, overall levels, and predictors to engagement in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA).Results. Across spatial tiers, there were no differences in positive awareness rates of CBFR or CBFR utilization. Engagement in MVPA differed across spatial tiersP<0.001, with the >3.2 to 8.0 km radius having the highest mean energy expenditure. Across all sites, age and income levelP<0.05were significant predictors of low and high amounts of MVPA, respectively, and current health status and lack of interest represented barriers to CBFR utilizationP<0.05.Conclusion. Closer proximity to CBFR did not impact awareness or utilization rates and had an inverse relationship with physical activity.

scholarly journals Correlations of Subjective and Social Well-Being With Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity in Older Adults—A Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyun Chen ◽  
Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga ◽  
Marguerita Saadeh ◽  
Ing-Mari Dohrn ◽  
Anna-Karin Welmer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
National Study

Abstract Background Subjective and social well-being, avoiding sedentary behavior (SB), and engaging in physical activity (PA) are important factors for health in older adults, but the extent to which they are related to each other remains unclear. We aimed to investigate these correlations, and whether they differ by age. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out in 595 people aged 66 years and older, from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. Subjective and social well-being (life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, social connections, social support, and social participation) were assessed through validated questionnaires and activPAL3 accelerometers provided information on SB and PA. Data were analyzed using multi-adjusted quantile regression models. Results Higher positive affect was significantly associated with less daily sitting time (β = −27.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −47.77, −6.39) and higher levels of light PA (LPA) (β = 40.67, 95% CI: 21.06, 60.28). Higher levels of social support and social participation were associated with less daily sitting time (β = −22.79, 95% CI: −39.97, −5.62; and β = −21.22, 95% CI: −39.99, −2.44) and more time in LPA (β = 23.86, 95% CI: 4.91, 42.81; and β = 25.37, 95% CI: 6.27, 44.47). Stratified analyses suggested that the associations of positive affect and social participation were strongest for individuals aged 80 years and older. Conclusions Our results suggest that older adults with higher levels of subjective and social well-being spend less time sitting and engage more in PA. This was especially evident among the oldest-old individuals. Future research should longitudinally investigate the directionality of these correlations.

Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study of Brazilian Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 811-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Elane Silva dos Santos ◽  
Sofia Wolker Manta ◽  
Guilherme Pereira Maximiano ◽  
Susana Cararo Confortin ◽  
Tânia Rosane Bertoldo Benedetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Adjusted Model

Background: To examine the level of physical activity and sedentary behavior (SB), measured with accelerometers, in older adults from a city in southern Brazil according to sociodemographic and health characteristics.Methods: The sample consisted of 425 older adults (≥63 y) from the EpiFloripa Aging Study. Light physical activity (LPA), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and SB were measured with accelerometers over a period of 7 days.Results: The older adults spent two-thirds of the time of use in SB, one-third in LPA, and only 2.1% (95% confidence interval, 1.8–2.2) in MVPA. In the final adjusted model, lower levels of MVPA were observed for women, as well as higher SB and lower LPA and MVPA for those with higher age. There were also trends toward prolonged SB and lower LPA when participants had a higher educational level and toward lower MVPA with higher body mass index.Conclusions: Constant monitoring of physical activity levels and SB using objective measures is recommended and interventions should be directed at the groups most exposed to excessive SB and low levels of MVPA.

Does Gender Influence Physical Activity and Psychosocial Factors in Older Exercisers? A Pilot Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Orsega-Smith ◽  
Nancy Getchell ◽  
Lindsay Palkovitz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Gender Influence

How does gender influence physical and psychosocial characteristics in physically active older adults? Much of the previous research on physical function in older women focuses on either the frailty of older women or on physical function irrespective of gender. These studies leave unknown the specific influence of regular physical activity on older women.Furthermore, few studies have examined the relationship between physical activity and psychosocial characteristics in older exercisers. We wanted to investigate whether differences exist between groups of older female and male adults who maintain a physically active lifestyle. Twenty-three female and 14 male physically active older adults performed physical function tests (i.e., chair stands, timed up-and-go, 6-minute walk) and filled out questionnaires related to psychosocial measures (i.e., social support, self-esteem, satisfaction with life). There were no differences in any physical function between the groups, and only one psychosocial measure (guidance) statistically differed (F (1, 31) = 4.14, p = .044). These results suggest that physically active women may not necessarily follow the trajectory towards frailty. More research needs to be done with a greater range of ages and physical activity levels.

scholarly journals CLINICAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED SEDENTARY TIME IN VERY ACTIVE OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S167-S168
Author(s):  
Kenneth Madden ◽  
Jocelyn Chase
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Highly Active

Abstract Sedentary behavior (such as sitting) has been shown to be an independent risk factor for increased frailty and less successive aging, even in active individuals. Our study examined the clinical factors most associated with higher sedentary times (ST) in very active older adults. We recruited 54 adults from a Master’s ski team (Whistler, British Columbia; mean age 71.5±0.6 years, 55% female). Activity levels were measured using an accelerometer (SenseWear) worn continuously for 7 days. ST was defined as a lack of activity when not in the supine position, in order to exclude time spent sleeping. Potential predictor variables consisted of metabolic syndrome criteria (blood pressure, high density lipoprotein, waist circumference, triglyceride levels, fasting blood glucose), age, biological sex and heart rate. Predictors associated with ST (p&lt;0.10) were entered into a stepwise multivariate regression model. Our subjects were extremely active, engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity for 2.6±0.2 hours per day, greatly exceeding current activity guidelines. Despite these high activity levels, they were also sedentary for an average of 9.4±0.2 hours per day. Our final minimum effective model showed that waist circumference had a significant association with ST (Standardized β = 0.36±0.13, p=0.007), explaining 18% of the variation in ST. People are often subjectively unaware of how long they spend sedentary. Our study suggests, that in addition to promoting leisure time physical activity, physicians should also objectively measure ST in highly active older patients with high waist circumferences.

scholarly journals Maintenance of skeletal muscle function following reduced daily physical activity in healthy older adults: a pilot trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1052-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Y. Oikawa ◽  
Damien M. Callahan ◽  
Chris McGlory ◽  
Michael J. Toth ◽  
Stuart M. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Single Muscle Fibre

Older adults can experience periods of inactivity related to disease or illness, which can hasten the development of physical disability, in part, through reductions in skeletal muscle strength and power. To date no study has characterized adaptations in skeletal muscle physical function in response to reduced daily physical activity. Participants (15 men, aged 69 ± 2 years; 15 women, aged 68 ± 4 years) restricted their daily steps (<750 steps/day) while being energy restricted (–500 kcal/day) for 2 weeks before returning to normal activity levels during recovery (RC; 1 week). Before and after each phase, measures of knee extensor isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), time-to-peak torque, and physical function were performed and muscle biopsies were taken from a subset of participants. Following the energy restriction and step-reduction phase (ER+SR), MVC was reduced by 9.1 and 6.1 Nm in men and women, respectively (p = 0.02), which returned to baseline after RC in men, but not women (p = 0.046). Maximum isometric tension in MHC IIA fibres (p < 0.01) and maximum power production in MHC I and IIA (p = 0.05) were increased by 14%, 25%, and 10%, respectively, following ER+SR. Reductions in muscle strength could not be explained by changes in single muscle fibre function in a subsample (n = 9 men) of volunteers. These data highlight the resilience of physical function in healthy older men in the face of an acute period of ER+SR and demonstrate sex-based differences in the ability to recover muscle strength upon resumption of physical activity.

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