scholarly journals From a Financial to an Entity Model of ESG

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain MacNeil ◽  
Irene-marié Esser
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Sector ◽  
Financial Model ◽  
Risk And Return ◽  
The World ◽  
External Impact ◽  
Sustainability Practices ◽  
Board Decision Making ◽  
Over Time

AbstractESG investing evolved over time from the earlier concept of CSR. The process of evolution moved the focus from the external impact of corporate activities to the risk and return implications for financial investors of failing to address ESG issues in their portfolio selection and corporate engagement. The bridge between the two approaches was the framing of sustainability in the early part of the millennium as an overarching concept that could be mapped onto the supply of capital and the techniques employed by institutional investors. The financial model of ESG investing is now the standard approach around the world and is reflected in ESG ratings, codes, guidance and regulatory rules. It focuses on the role of capital and investors in driving change in sustainability practices and pays much less attention to the role of board decision-making and directors’ fiduciary duties. In this research, we trace the origins and trajectory of this change in emphasis from CSR to ESG and attempt to explain why it occurred. We identify shortcomings in the financial model of ESG investing and propose an alternative ‘entity’ model, which we argue would more effectively promote sustainability in the corporate sector around the world.

The Procedural Rules Governing the Production of Documentary Evidence in International Arbitration – As Applied in Practice

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-90
Author(s):  
Nathan O'Malley
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
International Arbitration ◽  
Commercial Arbitration ◽  
International Commercial Arbitration ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis article considers the provisions of the IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Commercial Arbitration pertaining to documentary evidence, Articles 2, 3, and 9. The IBA Rules have emerged over time as a compromise set of standards appropriate for international arbitration and are widely used by tribunals throughout the world. This piece provides examples of arbitral case law in respect of the application of the Rules to issues concerning the taking and admission of documentary evidence. Moreover, the article also addresses issues regarding the role of the IBA Rules in the judicial review of arbitral awards, and their use in investor-state arbitration as opposed to international commercial arbitration. The goal of this article is to provide a thorough, case based commentary on the common approach used by tribunals in this area of procedure.

scholarly journals Female Roles in La Cinta Dorada by María Manuela Reina and Models of the World

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Aguilar López ◽  
Marta Miguel Borge
Keyword(s):  
Internal Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Psychological Balance ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Female Drama

Our model of the world that we perceive within ourselves, our conscience, in short, our psychological balance is influenced by our surroundings. Part of the input to which we are exposed in this immediate environment is related to texts, self-managed discourse, which can also influence our internal model of the world; hence they are deserving of our attention. In the same way as the models of the world that we construct throughout our lives, reality is not static and also changes as time goes by. From a social point of view, we can see that the roles of women in modern-day society and the ways that those roles can be perceived today are a consequence of changes initiated in the past within different areas and in a prolonged process over time up until our day. With the aim of evaluating whether female drama has contributed to that change, we present an analysis in this paper of the play La Cinta Dorada [The Golden Ribbon] by María Manuela Reina, written and set in the 1980s, a decade that for Spain implied a more obvious abandonment of the most traditional conceptions of the role of women. In the analysis of the play, we see how the models of the world of the older people are counterposed with those of the younger people, a generational divide that is enriched with the gender difference, as we also analyze how the psychological structures of the female and male characters confront the clichés pertaining to another era in reference to such topics as success, infidelity, matrimony, and gender. The results of our analysis demonstrate how Reina responds to archaic conceptions, thereby inciting the audiences of the day to question their respective models of the world, especially, with regard to the role of the woman in society. 

scholarly journals Figura świętego głupca w twórczości Andrieja Tarkowskiego

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Bartosz Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Russian Orthodoxy ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Holy Fool ◽  
Strong Reflection ◽  
The World ◽  
Andrei Tarkovsky ◽  
Over Time

The figure of the “holy fool” in the work of Andrei TarkovskyThe article analyzes the figure of the “holy fool” — a specific cultural phenomenon of Russian Orthodoxy, which found its strong reflection in the work of Andrei Tarkovsky. After showing the essence of the work of the Russian director, i.e. the internal conflict in man between the material and spiritual sphere, the Christian pedigree of the figure of the “holy fool”, which finds a special expression in Russian culture, is presented. Over time, it undergoes significant transformations. In Tarkovsky’s films, the figure of the “holy fool” allows the director to manifest his opinions and his view of the world, the role of art or the vocation of the artist. Tarkovsky’s “holy fool” evolves from a purely Christian figure, a humble and trusting figure fighting with all evil, through the original loner seeking consolation for others, to a figure, which destroys the existing order while awaiting the reaction of God connected with the restoration of the harmony to the world.

Poverty Alleviation: A Corporate Issue

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Harjyot Kaur ◽  
Manjit Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
The World

There is large number of societal issues which requires the attention of business houses to solve these issues. Issue of poverty is one of these issues which require the attention of corporate sector. Poverty alleviation or reduction is a big challenge now a days around the world. For some people poverty is a microeconomic issue. For others it is a issue at macro level and associated with MNC’s. In this article, it is defined that what is poverty, and what should be the role of the business houses for the alleviation of the poverty. There are various approaches which are used by the business houses towards the issue of the poverty alleviation and links are established among various aspects of issue of poverty.

Social networks as an element of modern lifestyl

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
M.A. Mehdieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
The World ◽  
Starting Conditions ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Historical Nature ◽  
Over Time

Examines is the role of social networks in development of lifestyle, as a socio-cultural aspect of modern large urban agglomerations. Communicative meaning of social networks, historical nature of their formation, on the basis of continuity of social forms of life and historical periods of social development are emphasized. The place of social networks in formation of certain spheres of lifestyle is determined. This is associated with formativeness of social networks and possibility of using them in activities that is reflected in people’s behavior, their social activity, attitude to life, etc. It is concluded that in each sphere of life there is a wide variety of already created social networks that are constantly being improved and modified. It is noted, that over time the role of social networks in development of urban lifestyles is growing that will ultimately lead to leveling of urban and rural lifestyles, since starting conditions for residents of any territorial entity with development of Internet become in principle approximately the same. The world is becoming one large space, united by a wide infrastructure of connections, in which social networks will become the leading party.

The Politics of Rating Freedom: Ideological Affinity, Private Authority, and the Freedom in the World Ratings

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Sunn Bush
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Concept Definition ◽  
Private Authority ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Freedom House

TheFreedom in the World(FITW) ratings of countries’ freedom, created by Freedom House in 1972, are widely used by many U.S. audiences, including journalists, policymakers, and scholars. Why and how did these ratings acquire private authority in the United States? Furthermore, why and to what extent have they retained private authority over time and across different audiences? Contrary to previous research on private authority, which emphasizes the role of raters’ expertise and independence, I advance an argument that emphasizes the role of ideological affinity between raters and users. Specifically, I argue that ratings are more likely to have authority among actors that share raters’ ideas about concept definition and coding. I also argue that ratings are more likely to have authority among weak actors that depend on powerful other users of the ratings. Diverse evidence and methods—including data on the ratings’ usage, an internal archive of Freedom House records, interviews with key informants, and a statistical analysis of bias—support the argument.

scholarly journals “Like Stitches to a Wound”: Fashioning Taste in and Through Garment Mending Practices

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124162110120
Author(s):  
Marium Durrani
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Fast Fashion ◽  
The World ◽  
Dress Practices ◽  
The Given ◽  
Over Time

This article immerses the reader into the world of garment mending in communal repair events in four cities— Helsinki, Auckland, Wellington, and Edinburgh—to explore mending as a locus of taste. It engages in the discussion on taste as a reflexive activity and a sensed effect that gradually reveals itself to the practitioners engaged in the practice of mending. Here the focus is on the role of the body and the interplay between the sensing body and materials, to show how everyday menders construct a taste for and toward their practice over time. As menders actively engage with and appropriate the given design of their garments, they defy mainstream wasteful fast-fashion practices and mobilize variations in dress practices while connecting with the matter that makes up their clothing . By engaging with the notion of taste in this way, the overall aim of this article is to clarify how everyday menders become able to form an alliance with their practice, ultimately converting mending into an object of passion.

scholarly journals Challenges of health care systems and health cooperatives in international and national context

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-243
Author(s):  
Milorad Stamenovic
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
National Context ◽  
The World ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Over Time

This paper presents different models of health systems in the world as well as selected important challenges that they face. Also, the paper presents historical and modern concepts of development of health cooperatives in selected countries, including the Republic of Serbia. Observing the long-term sustainability of different models of health systems, certain weaknesses are pointed out, but also the significant role of health cooperatives in these systems over time, both in the international and national context. A view of the work of health cooperatives during the COVID-19 pandemic in selected countries is presented with examples of innovations in organizational terms that health cooperatives have applied in order to increase efficiency and to respond to business and health challenges posed by the pandemic. A potential answer to the presented weaknesses of health systems is to consider establishing and strengthening health cooperatives, having in mind their role in those systems throughout history, with special reference to the Republic of Serbia where health cooperatives were founded during the 19th century. However, although Serbian health cooperatives were a model for the development of health cooperatives in the world, since 1949 health cooperatives in Serbia are almost non-existent. Following the genesis of the development of these organizations and their modern role in societies around the world, the conclusions indicate the flexibility and resilience of health cooperatives to adapt to new socio-economic conditions, innovation of these organizations shown over time, importance and contribution to societies during their history and during the emerging pandemic. Also, the need for a change in public policies is pointed out, which would enable the establishment of a larger number of health cooperatives in the Republic of Serbia in response to the growing challenges of the health system, following the example of the world.

scholarly journals The Role of the Ethnographic Vocabulary in the English and Uzbek Languages

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S3) ◽  
pp. 1551-1554
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Content Knowledge ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Over Time

Various aspects of language and culture are currently the focus of attention of linguists, ethnolinguists, sociolinguists, psycholinguists, and cultural studies. It is the reflection in the language of ethnic and personal self-knowledge, ways of perceiving and conceptualizing the world, the formation of symbols and stereotypes inherent in certain people. Culture of a people is reflected in the values of linguistic units i.e. that stably fixed in them is invariant in content, knowledge of the language, and in terms of their ability to convey information over time, ranging in size and connotations, knowledge of which may not be necessary for the knowledge of the language. Cultural studies of vocabulary and in whole the language is the main point of our paper.

scholarly journals Is There Any Role of Technological Inputs? A District-wise Analysis of Output Differential in Crop Sector

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (4II) ◽  
pp. 925-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Jalil Khan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The idea of inclusive growth has emerged over time that highlighted systematically excluded segments of society from enjoying the benefits of growth on the basis of religion, ethnicity or location. In Pakistan, districts-wise allocation and usage of technological inputs is the outcome of growth and the important contributing elements as well to enhance specifically crop sector output under the advancement in growth prospective. It is reported that crop sector output contributes around 40 percent of the total agricultural GDP,1 where 2/3rd belongs to Punjab.2 The introduction of advance technological inputs provides an opportunity to enhance production potentials of crop sector in different provinces and their respective districts because Pakistan is also facing the problem of low agricultural productivity in comparison to many developed and developing countries of the world.3 Secondly, the expansion of opportunities to enhance economic freedom in long run has been considered an important issue that needs to be addressed in inclusive growth process. Hence, understanding the interrelationship among different farm related inputs effecting crop sector would help to measure (i) the impact of increased total traditional and technological inputs; (ii) contributive aspects of both types of technological inputs; machine and bio-chemical; and (iii) districtwise differential especially considering their resource endowments and availability.

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