scholarly journals The Role of the Ethnographic Vocabulary in the English and Uzbek Languages

Various aspects of language and culture are currently the focus of attention of linguists, ethnolinguists, sociolinguists, psycholinguists, and cultural studies. It is the reflection in the language of ethnic and personal self-knowledge, ways of perceiving and conceptualizing the world, the formation of symbols and stereotypes inherent in certain people. Culture of a people is reflected in the values of linguistic units i.e. that stably fixed in them is invariant in content, knowledge of the language, and in terms of their ability to convey information over time, ranging in size and connotations, knowledge of which may not be necessary for the knowledge of the language. Cultural studies of vocabulary and in whole the language is the main point of our paper.

Comunicar ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Luiza Oswald

This paper intends to show, based on the contributions of Latin American Cultural Studies, that the difficulty children and young people have with the organization of written texts, such as that found in books, is determined by the impact that the technology of images exercises over the ways in which they learn to read the world. An analysis of the first interviews with young people, conducted as part of an institutional project in progress, point to the role played by the language of television cartoons in their development as readers. El presente trabajo trae el análisis de las primeras entrevistas realizadas en el ámbito de una investigación institucional en curso interesada en investigar los sentidos/lecturas que niños y jóvenes realizan acerca de los productos de la cultura pop japonesa –mangás (historias en cuadritos), animes (dibujos animados) e videojuegos– basada en la orientación de los Estudios Culturales latinoamericanos (Jesús Martín-Barbero, Néstor García Canclini, Guillermo Orozco Gomes, entre otros autores). Ellos proponen que la recepción de los productos mediáticos sea analizada a partir de un desplazamiento teórico-metodológico que, reorientando el foco de los medios/mensaje para las mediaciones, permite identificar los receptores no como «dóciles audiencias», sino como productores activos de sentidos. Se pretende, con eso, intentar contribuir para la superación de la tensión entre la escuela y las culturas infantil y juvenil, tensión que tiene como uno de sus pilares el conflicto entre la cultura letrada y la cultura de la imagen. El estudio, que supone la opción por un abordaje cualitativo de carácter etnográfico, viene siendo realizado a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas individuales con consumidores del trípode de la poderosa industria de entretenimiento nipónica, que se viene constituyendo como fenómeno mundial de comunicación de masa. Los discursos de los primeros entrevistados –cuatro jóvenes fanáticos de animes y mangas, cuya edad oscila entre 17 y 22 años– destacaron la influencia que el lenguaje de la TV ejerce sobre el extrañamiento que mantiene con el texto impreso tal como él se organiza en el libro. No obstante, la presencia en lo cotidiano de esos sujetos de un cúmulo de estímulos sonoros y visuales, no es raro depararnos con la existencia de una crisis de lectura que afecta niños y jóvenes, influenciando su desempeño en la escuela. Delante de los relatos, el grupo de investigación se formula algunas cuestiones: ¿la alusión a la crisis no sería, en el fondo, una incapacidad de las generaciones que fueron educadas y escolarizadas en los moldes de la cultura letrada?; entender que «el pretencioso gesto universal del libro» (W. Benjamin) ya no resuena entre las nuevas generaciones que ya nacieron bajo el impacto que la tecnología del sonido y de la imagen ejercen sobre la escritura? No sería, entonces, posible suponer que, si hay una crisis de la lectura, ¿es por las generaciones pasadas que está sendo vivenciada? Frente a esto, ¿no sería más adecuado, en vez de quedarnos repitiendo que existe una crisis de lectura que afecta la escolarización de niños y jóvenes y de permanecer buscando soluciones milagrosas para ese conflicto, asumir que estamos delante no de una crisis, sino de un contexto histórico del cual precisamos aproximarnos para no perder el tren de la historia? Esas fueron algunas de las preguntas que el examen de las cuatro primeras entrevistas con los jóvenes permitió sacar a luz de los fundamentos de los Estudios Culturales latinoamericanos, y es sobre ellas que ese texto se vuelca, no con la intención de responderlas, sino con el objetivo de constituirlas como un mapa que puede revelarnos caminos «para pasar de las respuestas que fracasaron a las preguntas que renuevan las ciencias sociales y las políticas libertadoras» (Néstor Canclini).


English Today ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niu Qiang ◽  
Martin Wolff

Heart-felt opposition to the status and spread of English in the world at large and most particularly in China today. It can hardly be denied that England has given the world maritime law, contract law, and an international language. However, whether by accident or design, the effect of these ‘gifts’ over time has, we would argue, been the destruction of many ethnic customs, social structures, and other aspects of culture. There appears to be little or no dissent among linguists regarding the proposition that language and culture are inseparable: what affects one affects the other.This paper discusses how the global spread of English has affected – deleteriously – many languages and cultures, and currently engages too much time and too many resources in China today. Maritime and contract law may have been less problematic.


2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-90
Author(s):  
Nathan O'Malley

AbstractThis article considers the provisions of the IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Commercial Arbitration pertaining to documentary evidence, Articles 2, 3, and 9. The IBA Rules have emerged over time as a compromise set of standards appropriate for international arbitration and are widely used by tribunals throughout the world. This piece provides examples of arbitral case law in respect of the application of the Rules to issues concerning the taking and admission of documentary evidence. Moreover, the article also addresses issues regarding the role of the IBA Rules in the judicial review of arbitral awards, and their use in investor-state arbitration as opposed to international commercial arbitration. The goal of this article is to provide a thorough, case based commentary on the common approach used by tribunals in this area of procedure.


2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Lambie

This article examines the role of emotion experience in both rational action and self-knowledge. A key distinction is made between emotion experiences of which we are unaware, and those of which we are aware. The former motivate action and color our view of the world, but they do not do so in a rational way, and their nonreflective nature obscures self-understanding. The article provides arguments and evidence to support the view that emotion experiences contribute to rational action only if one is appropriately aware of them (because only then does one have the capacity to inhibit one's emotional reactions). Furthermore, it is argued that awareness of emotion increases self-knowledge because it is a source of information about our biases.


1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 892-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S. Lindauer

Color use interpreted as preferences among the flags of 139 independent nations of the world included red, blue, green, and yellow. With one exception (green among African states), each color was equally preferred among six geographic groups of nations. In addition, white was preferred to black, colors were horizontally placed, and symbols were more likely to be present than not. These data were related to judgments made by individuals of isolated colors, to differences in inferred need achievement between countries, and to the role of language and culture in color discrimination and preference.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Aguilar López ◽  
Marta Miguel Borge

Our model of the world that we perceive within ourselves, our conscience, in short, our psychological balance is influenced by our surroundings. Part of the input to which we are exposed in this immediate environment is related to texts, self-managed discourse, which can also influence our internal model of the world; hence they are deserving of our attention. In the same way as the models of the world that we construct throughout our lives, reality is not static and also changes as time goes by. From a social point of view, we can see that the roles of women in modern-day society and the ways that those roles can be perceived today are a consequence of changes initiated in the past within different areas and in a prolonged process over time up until our day. With the aim of evaluating whether female drama has contributed to that change, we present an analysis in this paper of the play La Cinta Dorada [The Golden Ribbon] by María Manuela Reina, written and set in the 1980s, a decade that for Spain implied a more obvious abandonment of the most traditional conceptions of the role of women. In the analysis of the play, we see how the models of the world of the older people are counterposed with those of the younger people, a generational divide that is enriched with the gender difference, as we also analyze how the psychological structures of the female and male characters confront the clichés pertaining to another era in reference to such topics as success, infidelity, matrimony, and gender. The results of our analysis demonstrate how Reina responds to archaic conceptions, thereby inciting the audiences of the day to question their respective models of the world, especially, with regard to the role of the woman in society. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Bartosz Wieczorek

The figure of the “holy fool” in the work of Andrei TarkovskyThe article analyzes the figure of the “holy fool” — a specific cultural phenomenon of Russian Orthodoxy, which found its strong reflection in the work of Andrei Tarkovsky. After showing the essence of the work of the Russian director, i.e. the internal conflict in man between the material and spiritual sphere, the Christian pedigree of the figure of the “holy fool”, which finds a special expression in Russian culture, is presented. Over time, it undergoes significant transformations. In Tarkovsky’s films, the figure of the “holy fool” allows the director to manifest his opinions and his view of the world, the role of art or the vocation of the artist. Tarkovsky’s “holy fool” evolves from a purely Christian figure, a humble and trusting figure fighting with all evil, through the original loner seeking consolation for others, to a figure, which destroys the existing order while awaiting the reaction of God connected with the restoration of the harmony to the world.


Author(s):  
Yu.V. Dorofeev ◽  

Transformations of the semantics of language units in a literary text were studied. Semantic shifts resulting from this process were correlated with individual author’s ideas about the world and were defined as the most important means of influencing the reader. The research was carried out on the basis of a functional approach, in which the text is considered as a tool of social interaction, the structure of which is subordinated to the main task of the author, i.e., to have a certain impact on the reader’s view of the world. As a result of the analysis of the empirical material, it was concluded that the perception and understanding of the text are largely determined by the skills that enable identification of the core component in the text, which unites the most significant language units in the text based on their correlation in the initial and final parts of the work. Specific examples were given to show the role of semantic transformations in the process of text perception and their importance for interpretation. The research confirms the relevance of the problem of studying the functional mechanism of semantic transformations, because the consistent implementation of the functional methods of perception and interpretation of the text in educational practice will be helpful in developing teaching methods that prevent distortion of information extracted from texts.


2020 ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
M.A. Mehdieva ◽  

Examines is the role of social networks in development of lifestyle, as a socio-cultural aspect of modern large urban agglomerations. Communicative meaning of social networks, historical nature of their formation, on the basis of continuity of social forms of life and historical periods of social development are emphasized. The place of social networks in formation of certain spheres of lifestyle is determined. This is associated with formativeness of social networks and possibility of using them in activities that is reflected in people’s behavior, their social activity, attitude to life, etc. It is concluded that in each sphere of life there is a wide variety of already created social networks that are constantly being improved and modified. It is noted, that over time the role of social networks in development of urban lifestyles is growing that will ultimately lead to leveling of urban and rural lifestyles, since starting conditions for residents of any territorial entity with development of Internet become in principle approximately the same. The world is becoming one large space, united by a wide infrastructure of connections, in which social networks will become the leading party.


2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Sunn Bush

TheFreedom in the World(FITW) ratings of countries’ freedom, created by Freedom House in 1972, are widely used by many U.S. audiences, including journalists, policymakers, and scholars. Why and how did these ratings acquire private authority in the United States? Furthermore, why and to what extent have they retained private authority over time and across different audiences? Contrary to previous research on private authority, which emphasizes the role of raters’ expertise and independence, I advance an argument that emphasizes the role of ideological affinity between raters and users. Specifically, I argue that ratings are more likely to have authority among actors that share raters’ ideas about concept definition and coding. I also argue that ratings are more likely to have authority among weak actors that depend on powerful other users of the ratings. Diverse evidence and methods—including data on the ratings’ usage, an internal archive of Freedom House records, interviews with key informants, and a statistical analysis of bias—support the argument.


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