scholarly journals Können Viertklässlerinnen und Viertklässer Unterrichtsqualität valide einschätzen? Ergebnisse zum Fach Deutsch

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-682
Author(s):  
Ruven Stahns ◽  
Svenja Rieser ◽  
Anke Hußmann
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Kognitive Aktivierung

ZusammenfassungDie Bedeutung der Dimensionen Klassenführung, konstruktive Unterstützung und kognitive Aktivierung für erfolgreiche Lernprozesse von Schüler(inne)n ist Gegenstand aktueller Studien zum Unterricht unterschiedlicher Fächer. In Large-Scale-Studien wird der Unterricht häufig aus der Perspektive von Schüler(inne)n eingeschätzt. Die Validität dieser Einschätzungen wird kritisch diskutiert. Im Rahmen der Internationalen Grundschul-Lese-Untersuchung 2016 (IGLU) wurden Viertklässler(innen) gebeten, ihren Deutschunterricht hinsichtlich einiger Merkmale einzuschätzen, die diesen drei Dimensionen zugeordnet werden können. In der vorliegenden Studie wird zur Prüfung der Validität dieser Einschätzungen untersucht, ob die Kinder in ihren Urteilen zwischen den drei Dimensionen differenzieren und ob sich Zusammenhänge zwischen den Einschätzungen und der Leseleistung der Grundschüler(innen) zeigen. Die Datengrundlage der Untersuchung bilden Angaben der im Rahmen von IGLU 2016 befragten Viertklässler(innen) (N = 3797, 192 Klassen) und die Leistungswerte aus dem IGLU-Lesetest. Mittels konfirmatorischer Mehrebenen-Faktorenanalysen wird geprüft, ob sich eine Struktur mit drei Faktoren in den Daten aus den Fragebogenerhebungen findet. Die Zusammenhänge mit der Leistung werden mithilfe von doppelt-latenten Mehrebenen-Regressionsmodellen geschätzt. Die drei Dimensionen lassen sich mit den Daten abbilden. Zudem hängt die Einschätzung der Klassenführung auf individueller Ebene und auf Klassenebene mit der Leseleistung zusammen. Die Einschätzung der kognitiven Aktivierung hängt auf Klassenebene mit der Leistung zusammen. Für die konstruktive Unterstützung lässt sich auf individueller Ebene ein bedeutsamer Zusammenhang nachweisen. Werden die drei Dimensionen gemeinsam in einem Modell betrachtet, sind die Zusammenhänge mit der Leistung auf Klassenebene nicht mehr nachzuweisen.

scholarly journals Fachspezifität von Unterrichtsqualität in der Deutschdidaktik

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Wiprächtiger-Geppert ◽  
Ruven Stahns ◽  
Susanne Riegler
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Kognitive Aktivierung

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von der Beobachtung, dass sich die Deutschdidaktik in der Vergangenheit nur implizit mit Unterrichtsqualität auseinandergesetzt hat, werden in diesem Beitrag aktuelle Tendenzen der deutschdidaktischen Forschung in Bezug auf Unterrichtsqualität dargestellt. Dabei kann man feststellen, dass es mittlerweile einige Studien gibt, die an Befunde der allgemeinen Unterrichtsqualitätsforschung anschließen und diese vor allem mit Blick auf das Merkmal „kognitive Aktivierung“ für den Deutschunterricht spezifizieren. Dabei handelt es sich zum einen um Fragebogenstudien im Rahmen von Large-Scale-Assessements, die eher allgemein gehaltene Merkmale von Unterrichtsqualität auf den Deutschunterricht beziehen und damit fachbezogen sind. Zum anderen handelt es sich um Videostudien, in denen kognitive Aktivierung nicht mehr allgemein, sondern fachspezifisch konzipiert und operationalisiert wird. Im zweiten Teil wird das im Projekt „Profess-R“ verwendete Konzept fachspezifischer Unterrichtsqualität kurz präsentiert. Ausgehend von der Überzeugung, dass für eine angemessene fachspezifische Konturierung von Unterrichtsqualität die Spezifizierung von kognitiver Aktivierung nicht ausreichend ist, wird ein Modell vorgestellt, in dem generische, fachbezogene und fachspezifische Aspekte auf mehreren Ebenen ineinandergreifen.

Some comments about observations and image processing of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
D. Kubáček ◽  
A. Galád ◽  
A. Pravda
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Harvard College ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Short Period Comet ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Harvard College Observatory ◽  
Period Comet

AbstractUnusual short-period comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 inspired many observers to explain its unpredictable outbursts. In this paper large scale structures and features from the inner part of the coma in time periods around outbursts are studied. CCD images were taken at Whipple Observatory, Mt. Hopkins, in 1989 and at Astronomical Observatory, Modra, from 1995 to 1998. Photographic plates of the comet were taken at Harvard College Observatory, Oak Ridge, from 1974 to 1982. The latter were digitized at first to apply the same techniques of image processing for optimizing the visibility of features in the coma during outbursts. Outbursts and coma structures show various shapes.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Large-scale Motion of Solar Filaments

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Pavel Ambrož ◽  
Alfred Schroll
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Proper Motion ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Solar Filaments ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Scale Motion ◽  
Velocity Scatter

AbstractPrecise measurements of heliographic position of solar filaments were used for determination of the proper motion of solar filaments on the time-scale of days. The filaments have a tendency to make a shaking or waving of the external structure and to make a general movement of whole filament body, coinciding with the transport of the magnetic flux in the photosphere. The velocity scatter of individual measured points is about one order higher than the accuracy of measurements.

Some applications of electron beam microanalysis techniques in VLSI process evaluation

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Simon Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Analysis Of Failures ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Trends in the technology development of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) have been in the direction of higher density of components with smaller dimensions. The scaling down of device dimensions has been not only laterally but also in depth. Such efforts in miniaturization bring with them new developments in materials and processing. Successful implementation of these efforts is, to a large extent, dependent on the proper understanding of the material properties, process technologies and reliability issues, through adequate analytical studies. The analytical instrumentation technology has, fortunately, kept pace with the basic requirements of devices with lateral dimensions in the micron/ submicron range and depths of the order of nonometers. Often, newer analytical techniques have emerged or the more conventional techniques have been adapted to meet the more stringent requirements. As such, a variety of analytical techniques are available today to aid an analyst in the efforts of VLSI process evaluation. Generally such analytical efforts are divided into the characterization of materials, evaluation of processing steps and the analysis of failures.

Electron microscopy study of reactively sputter-deposited Ti/N films on silicon

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1362-1363
Author(s):  
V. C. Kannan ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
R. B. Irwin ◽  
S. Chittipeddi ◽  
F. D. Nkansah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Tin Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fcc Phase ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Titanium nitride (TiN) films have historically been used as diffusion barrier between silicon and aluminum, as an adhesion layer for tungsten deposition and as an interconnect material etc. Recently, the role of TiN films as contact barriers in very large scale silicon integrated circuits (VLSI) has been extensively studied. TiN films have resistivities on the order of 20μ Ω-cm which is much lower than that of titanium (nearly 66μ Ω-cm). Deposited TiN films show resistivities which vary from 20 to 100μ Ω-cm depending upon the type of deposition and process conditions. TiNx is known to have a NaCl type crystal structure for a wide range of compositions. Change in color from metallic luster to gold reflects the stabilization of the TiNx (FCC) phase over the close packed Ti(N) hexagonal phase. It was found that TiN (1:1) ideal composition with the FCC (NaCl-type) structure gives the best electrical property.

Evolution of the microstructure of Cu(Ti)/SiO2 layers annealed in NH3

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 452-453
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
N. D. Theodore ◽  
D. Adams ◽  
S. Russell ◽  
T. L. Alford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Alloy Film ◽  
Electron Beam Evaporation ◽  
Copper Metallization ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Thermally Grown

Copper-based metallization has recently attracted extensive research because of its potential application in ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) of semiconductor devices. The feasibility of copper metallization is, however, limited due to its thermal stability issues. In order to utilize copper in metallization systems diffusion barriers such as titanium nitride and other refractory materials, have been employed to enhance the thermal stability of copper. Titanium nitride layers can be formed by annealing Cu(Ti) alloy film evaporated on thermally grown SiO2 substrates in an ammonia ambient. We report here the microstructural evolution of Cu(Ti)/SiO2 layers during annealing in NH3 flowing ambient.The Cu(Ti) films used in this experiment were prepared by electron beam evaporation onto thermally grown SiO2 substrates. The nominal composition of the Cu(Ti) alloy was Cu73Ti27. Thermal treatments were conducted in NH3 flowing ambient for 30 minutes at temperatures ranging from 450°C to 650°C. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared by the standard procedure.

Immunogold labeling of CMP-KDO synthetase produced by recombinant E. Coli cells

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 924-925
Author(s):  
F. A. Durum ◽  
R. G. Goldman ◽  
T. J. Bolling ◽  
M. F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Test System ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Concentrations

CMP-KDO synthetase (CKS) is an enzyme which plays a key role in the synthesis of LPS, an outer membrane component unique to gram negative bacteria. CKS activates KDO to CMP-KDO for incorporation into LPS. The enzyme is normally present in low concentrations (0.02% of total cell protein) which makes it difficult to perform large scale isolation and purification. Recently, the gene for CKS from E. coli was cloned and various recombinant DNA constructs overproducing CKS several thousandfold (unpublished data) were derived. Interestingly, no cytoplasmic inclusions of overproduced CKS were observed by EM (Fig. 1) which is in contrast to other reports of large proteinaceous inclusion bodies in various overproducing recombinant strains. The present immunocytochemical study was undertaken to localize CKS in these cells.Immune labeling conditions were first optimized using a previously described cell-free test system. Briefly, this involves soaking small blocks of polymerized bovine serum albumin in purified CKS antigen and subjecting them to various fixation, embedding and immunochemical conditions.

The Structure and Properties of MoSi2 Thin Film in Mos Process

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 326-327
Author(s):  
C.K. Wu ◽  
P. Chang ◽  
N. Godinho
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Metal Silicides ◽  
High Oxidation ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
High Oxidation Resistance

Recently, the use of refractory metal silicides as low resistivity, high temperature and high oxidation resistance gate materials in large scale integrated circuits (LSI) has become an important approach in advanced MOS process development (1). This research is a systematic study on the structure and properties of molybdenum silicide thin film and its applicability to high performance LSI fabrication.

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