scholarly journals Question of ethnic group formulation in the Chinese census

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83
Author(s):  
Yun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Government Information ◽  
Related Information

Abstract In conjunction with official government information and existing research literature, this article discusses ethnic group formulation in the censuses of China since 1953. Followed by an examination of concept of “ethnicity”, the research explores the purpose of the question included in the census, ways to answer the census question, and changes in number of official ethnic groups finalized until 1980s in China. To make a good study on ethnicity by census statistics, we have to understand the system of census taking on ethnicity in different countries. As a country with different minority groups, China is undergoing a social transformation and improving its census-taking. Ethnicity-related information collected in the census will play a more important role in the development of Chinese society.

scholarly journals Sex and Marriage With Members of Other Ethnic Groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham P. Buunk ◽  
Pieternel Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Sexual Relationship ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Marital Partner ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Moroccan Women

Given the importance of interethnic intimate relationships for the integration of minority groups, the present study examined attitudes toward marriages and sexual relationships with in-group and out-group members among young second-generation immigrants in the Netherlands compared with the Dutch. A sample of 95 ethnically Dutch, 68 Moroccan, and 68 Turkish individuals aged between 15 and 25, living in the Netherlands filled out an online questionnaire. Overall, individuals showed a preference for a marital partner from the same ethnic group as themselves, but a less pronounced preference for a sexual partner from their own ethnic group. Turkish and Moroccan, but not Dutch, men would rather engage in a sexual relationship than in a marriage with a Dutch woman, and rather in a marriage than in a sexual relationship with a woman from their own ethnic group. In contrast, women, especially Moroccan women would rather engage in a marriage than in a sexual relationship, preferably with someone of their own ethnic group. Finally, the more religious they were, the more Turkish and Moroccan women preferred a marital partner from their own ethnic group. Findings are discussed in the light of the integration of different ethnic groups in society.

The State, the Voluntary Sector and New Developments in Provision for the Old of Minority Racial Groups

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Blakemore
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Old People ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Gender And Age

ABSTRACTIn many urban communities the fastest-growing groups of old people are those from the various minority racial and ethnic groups. This paper reviews the progress of a range of the new services, clubs and social centres which have been recently developed to meet the needs of the minorities. The services are examined in terms of their objectives, degree of specialisation (by ethnic group, gender and age) and adequacy of resources. As most of these projects have been initiated by voluntary groups and have experienced difficult development problems, the implications of this pattern of growth are assessed. In particular, reasons for the lack of sustained support from government and statutory organisations are discussed. Racial disadvantage affects all the minority groups, though different ethnic groups appear to be developing different strategies for the care of the old. However, prospects for either fully developed alternative services for the minorities or for multicultural services appear to be bleak in the forseeable future.

Making Education Count: The Effects of Ethnicity and Qualifications on Intergenerational Social Class Mobility

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucinda Platt
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
Class Background

This paper examines the role of social class and ethnic group background in determining individuals’ social class destinations. It explores the extent to which these background factors are mediated by educational achievement, and the role of educational qualifications in enabling intergenerational class mobility. To do this, it uses the ONS Longitudinal Study. These data allow us to observe parents’ characteristics during childhood for a group of children of different ethnic groups growing up in England and Wales in the same period and who had reached adulthood by 2001. Results show that the influence of class background on these children's subsequent social class position varied with ethnicity: it was important for the majority, even after taking account of educational qualifications, but had a much smaller role to play for the minority groups. The minority groups made use of education to achieve upward mobility, but to greater effect for some groups than for others. Among those without educational qualifications, minority groups suffered an ‘ethnic penalty’ in relation to higher class outcomes; but for Pakistanis and Bangladeshis, this penalty persisted at all levels of education. These findings challenge the notion that a more equal society can be achieved simply through promoting equality of opportunity through education.

How Concentrated Are Ethnic Groups in Schools?

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-112
Author(s):  
Richard Harris ◽  
Ron Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Students ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Ethnic Minority Students

The Casey Review cites a study by the think-tank Demos that shows the majority of ethnic minority students attend schools where ‘minority’ groups are in the majority. That statistic is correct but too easily misinterpreted. Only White British students typically are in a school where their own ethnic group forms a majority; for most ethnic minority pupils the largest group they will encounter at school is also the White British. The exceptions to this are the Bangladeshi and Pakistani groups, and more so in primary than in secondary schools. Nevertheless, the overwhelming trend is that schools are becoming more ethnically diverse with an increased potential for pupils to be educated alongside pupils of other ethnic groups.

The Inscriptions on the Gravestones in the Croatian Villages of Slovakia, Chunovo and Jarovce: The Specificity of Mixing Graphics Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
Darya Yu. Vashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Funerary Monuments ◽  
Traditional Spelling ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Village

The article discusses the inscriptions on funerary monuments from the Croatian villages of Cunovo and Jarovce, located in the South of Slovakia, near Bratislava. These inscriptions reflect the complicated sociocultural situation in the region, which is particularly specific due to the fact that this territory was included to Slovakia’s territory only after 1946, while earlier the village was part of Hungary. In addition, the local Croatian ethnic group was actively in close contact with the German and Hungarian communities. At the same time, the orthographic norms of the literary Croatian, German, Hungarian, and Slovak languages, which could potentially be owned by the authors of the inscriptions, differ in many ways, despite the Latin alphabet used on all the gravestones. All this is reflected in the tombstones, representing a high degree of mixing codes. The article identifies the main types of fusion on the monuments: separate orthograms, writing the maiden name of the deceased in the spelling of her native language, the traditional spelling of the family name. In addition, the mixing of codes can be associated with writing feminitives, also order of name and surname within the anthroponym. Moreover, the settlements themselves represent different ethnic groups coexistence within the village. Gravestones from the respective cemeteries also differ from each other in the nature of the prevailing trend of the mixing codes. In Jarovce, where the ethnic groups live compactly, fusion is often presented as a separate foreign language orthograms. In Cunovo, where the ethnic groups constitute a global conglomerate, more traditional presents for a specific family spelling of the names on the monument.

MENAFSIRKAN TEKS SASTRA LISAN BADAMPIANG SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMAKNAI WARISAN BUDAYA BANGSA

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Krisnawati Krisnawati
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Oral Tradition

Minangkabau ethnic group, as other ethnic groups in Indonesia, has many kinds of cultural heritages. Among other is Badampiang, an oral tradition. Badampiang (acting of accompanying) is mutually responding poetry (berbalas pantun) by the time accompanying a groom to a bride’s house to do the procession of wedding. This tradition is currently threatened to extinct, whereas in fact, it has many positive values which are deserved to be inherited to the next generations. Thus, it is important to do a research on Badampiang. This paper discussed about the speakers, the music instruments, the place, the time and the condition of Badampiang utterances. Besides, this paper also discussed the meaning contained in the text of Badampiang. The method used to investigate the tradition of Badampiang is hermeneutics method and theory of values. Therefore, the various elements that exist can be found so that badampiang will realize and the values that contained in the oral tradition.AbstrakSuku bangsa Minangkabau, sebagaimana suku bangsa lainnya di Indonesia, memiliki berbagai warisan budaya. Di antara warisan budaya tersebut adalah tradisi lisan badampiang. Badampiang (melakukan pendampingan) adalah berbalas pantun ketika mendampingi mempelai laki-laki menuju rumah mempelai perempuan ketika hendak melakukan ijab kabul (pernikahan). Tradisi lisan badampiang saat ini terancam punah digerus waktu, padahal banyak nilai positif dalam teks badampiang yang layak diwariskan kepada generasi penerus. Oleh sebab itu, kajian terhadap badampiang sangat penting dilakukan. Melalui makalah ini dibahas pedendang, alat musik pengiring, tempat, waktu, dan suasana pedendangan badampiang. Selain itu, dibahas pula makna yang terkandung dalam teks badampiang. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengkaji tradisi lisan ini adalah metode hermeneutika dan teori tentang nilai-nilai. Dengan demikian, terlihatlah berbagai unsur yang ada sehingga badampiang terwujud dan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam tradisi lisan tersebut.

Validation of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire with three Chinese ethnic groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Du
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory

Moral foundations theory is claimed to be universally applicable and is classified into 5 foundations of morality: care/harm, fairness/cheating, loyalty/betrayal, respect/subversion, and purity/degradation. This theory has not been tested in the Eastern cultural context. Therefore, in this study I addressed this lack in the context of China, where there are people of a number of different ethnicities. I adopted the Moral Foundations Questionnaire, which was completed by 761 Chinese of Han, Uygur, and Tibetan ethnicity. The results show that there was no gender difference in morality foundation scores, but the differences among ethnic groups were significant: Tibetans scored lower than did Han and Uygur in care and fairness, and Uygur scored higher than Han and Tibetans did in loyalty, respect, and purity. The interactions between gender and ethnic group were significant for care, fairness, and respect. These findings suggest that moral foundations theory is applicable to China, that the Moral Foundations Questionnaire can also be partially applied to Chinese, and that ethnicity is an influential factor when people make moral judgments.

Variations in Facial Anthropometric Measurements among Major Ethnic Groups in Nigeria: A 3-Dimentional Stereophotogrammetry Analysis

FACE ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 273250162110290
Author(s):  
Adegbayi Adeola Adekunle ◽  
Abiodun Yusuff Olowo ◽  
Moses Adetona ◽  
Olutayo James ◽  
Olawale Olatubosun Adamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
3D Photogrammetry

Objectives: The aim of the study is to highlight variations in facial anthropometric measurements among the major ethnic groups in Nigeria using 3D photogrammetry. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Lagos, Nigeria. Acquisition of 3D facial photographs was done using a Vectra H1 portable 3D photogrammetry imaging system. Descriptive analysis of collected data was done and a test of associations performed using independent samples t-test. The level of significance was set at <.05. Results: The total number of participants in this study was 503. The study population was made up of 302 (60%) males and 201 (40%) females. Mean upper facial height among Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa, and other ethnic groups were 68.93 ± 5.85, 70.18 ± 5.99, 63.79 ± 4.80, and 69.29 ± 5.95 mm respectively, while mean interpupillary distances were 66.99 ± 3.70, 67.34 ± 3.56, 66.73 ± 3.80, and 67.09 ± 3.72 mm respectively. A Tukey posthoc test revealed significant pairwise differences for upper facial height between the Yoruba and Hausa population with a mean difference of 5.15 mm ( P < .001, 95% CI 2.94-7.35) ( P < .001, 95% CI 2.94-7.35), and Hausa and Igbo population with a mean difference of 6.39 mm ( P < .001, 95% CI 3.75-9.03). Multivariate regression analysis confirmed the presence of significant inter-ethnic differences between Hausa ethnic group and the Yoruba ethnic group for midfacial height ( P < .001), upper lip height ( P = .004), lower lip height ( P = .003), total face height ( P = .010), and orbital fissure width ( P < .001). Conclusion: The result of this study shows that distinct difference does exist in the facial anthropological measurements between the ethnicities included in this study especially in vertical facial measurements.

scholarly journals Night-Time Light Remote Sensing Mapping: Construction and Analysis of Ethnic Minority Development Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2129
Author(s):  
Fei Zhao ◽  
Lu Song ◽  
Zhiyan Peng ◽  
Jianqin Yang ◽  
Guize Luan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Remote Sensing Mapping ◽  
Entire Study Area

Using toponym data, population data, and night-time light data, we visualized the development index of the Yi, Wa, Zhuang, Naxi, Hani, and Dai ethnic groups on ArcGIS as well as the distribution of 25 ethnic minorities in the study area. First, we extracted the toponym data of 25 ethnic minorities in the study area, combined with night-time light data and the population proportion data of each ethnic group, then we obtained the development index of each ethnic group in the study area. We compared the development indexes of the Yi, Wa, Zhuang, Naxi, Hani, and Dai ethnic groups with higher development indexes. The results show that the Yi nationality’s development index was the highest, reaching 28.86 (with two decimal places), and the Dai nationality’s development index was the lowest (15.22). The areas with the highest minority development index were concentrated in the core area of the minority development, and the size varied with the minority’s distance. According to the distribution of ethnic minorities, we found that the Yi ethnic group was distributed in almost the entire study area, while other ethnic minorities had obvious geographical distribution characteristics, and there were multiple ethnic minorities living together. This research is of great significance to the cultural protection of ethnic minorities, the development of ethnic minorities, and the remote sensing mapping of lights at night.

scholarly journals Ethnic Disparities in the Development of Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy in a UK Multi-Ethnic Population with Diabetes: An Observational Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Manjula D. Nugawela ◽  
Sarega Gurudas ◽  
Andrew Toby Prevost ◽  
Rohini Mathur ◽  
John Robson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
General Practices

There is little data on ethnic differences in incidence of DR and sight threatening DR (STDR) in the United Kingdom. We aimed to determine ethnic differences in the development of DR and STDR and to identify risk factors of DR and STDR in people with incident or prevalent type II diabetes (T2DM). We used electronic primary care medical records of people registered with 134 general practices in East London during the period from January 2007–January 2017. There were 58,216 people with T2DM eligible to be included in the study. Among people with newly diagnosed T2DM, Indian, Pakistani and African ethnic groups showed an increased risk of DR with Africans having highest risk of STDR compared to White ethnic groups (HR: 1.36 95% CI 1.02–1.83). Among those with prevalent T2DM, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Caribbean ethnic groups showed increased risk of DR and STDR with Indian having the highest risk of any DR (HR: 1.24 95% CI 1.16–1.32) and STDR (HR: 1.38 95% CI 1.17–1.63) compared with Whites after adjusting for all covariates considered. It is important to optimise prevention, screening and treatment options in these ethnic minority groups to avoid health inequalities in diabetes eye care.

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